Ob peb lo lus hais txog Tobacco Capitalism

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

LUNGS 'CANCER

Mob ntsws cancer yog ib qho kev kho mob hnyav thiab teeb meem kev sib raug zoo. Nws yog cov qog nqaij hlav ntau tshaj plaws thiab feem ntau ua rau tuag los ntawm mob qog noj ntshav.

Xyoo 2008, lub ntiaj teb tau sau npe 1,608,055 tus neeg mob qog noj ntshav tshiab, thaum cov neeg tuag nyob ze rau qhov tshwm sim thiab muaj txog 1,376,579 tus neeg tuag los ntawm mob qog noj ntshav. Qhov no yog 13% ntawm tag nrho cov neeg mob malignant neoplasms thiab 18% ntawm cov neeg tuag los ntawm lawv [1].

Ntxiv mus, nws yog lub teb chaws tsim kho hauv ntiaj teb uas suav txog 58% ntawm cov neeg mob. Raws li tsab ntawv ceeb toom los ntawm Lub Koom Haum Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Ntiaj Teb (WHO) [2], mob qog noj ntshav feem ntau tau sau tseg hauv cov tebchaws tau nyiaj tau los (qhov twg qib kev haus luam yeeb, kev tsim khoom lag luam thiab kev siv tshuaj ntxiv hauv cov zaub mov yog siab dua). Lub nra ntawm mob qog noj ntshav qis dua hauv cov tebchaws tau nyiaj tsawg, tab sis mob ntsws cancer yog qhov kev kuaj mob ntau tshaj plaws thiab ua rau mob qog noj ntshav hauv cov tebchaws nplua nuj thiab cov neeg txom nyem ib yam nkaus.

Hauv CIS lub teb chaws, mob qog noj ntshav siab tshaj plaws (21-26%) hauv cov txiv neej hauv Russia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Armenia (1st qhov chaw hauv cov qauv ntawm kev mob qog noj ntshav).

Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm cov kab mob ntsws cancer, Russia yog nyob rau hauv 9th qhov chaw (4.4%), txawm lub fact tias qhov no pathology kuj nyob rau hauv qeb ntawm cov kab mob oncological [3]. Cov neeg tuag los ntawm mob ntsws cancer tuaj yeem muab piv nrog cov neeg tuag coob los ntawm txoj hnyuv, mob qog noj ntshav thiab mob qog nqaij hlav prostate [4].

XOV XWM TSHIAB:

[5]. Ntev npaum li tus neeg haus luam yeeb thiab ntim cov luam yeeb ntau dua ib hnub, qhov kev pheej hmoo siab dua. Yog tias ib tug neeg tsis haus luam yeeb ua ntej pib mob qog noj ntshav, ces lub ntsws cov ntaub so ntswg maj mam rov zoo li qub. Tso tseg kev haus luam yeeb txhua lub hnub nyoog txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev mob qog noj ntshav.

Cov neeg tsis haus luam yeeb uas nqus cov pa luam yeeb (cov pa luam yeeb thib ob) kuj muaj kev pheej hmoo mob ntsws cancer. Yog hais tias ib tug ntawm cov txij nkawm haus luam yeeb, ces qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm mob ntsws cancer nyob rau hauv lub thib ob nonsmoker yog nce 30% piv rau cov tsis haus luam yeeb ob peb.

Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov tshwm sim thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob caj ces thiab theem ntawm cov pa phem. Yog li ntawd, qhov tshwm sim yog siab rau cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv kev lag luam aluminium; mining, gasification thiab coking ntawm thee; kev lag luam foundry; kev tsim cov isopropyl cawv, chloromethyl ethers, vinyl chloride, roj hmab; mining ntawm hematite, asbestos, npib tsib xee; radon concentration, arsenic, diesel tso tawm, qee hom kab mob ntsws uas ua rau lub ntsws (mob, mob ntsws), thiab lwm yam. lwm. - kuj ua rau muaj feem yuav mob qog noj ntshav [6].

GENETICS

Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias Hungary yog ib lub teb chaws uas huv si nrog (yav tas los tsim) nws tus kheej ua liaj ua teb, raws li WHO kwv yees, lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm cov neeg tuag los ntawm mob cancer. Rau txhua 100 txhiab tus neeg nyob hauv Hungary, muaj 458 tus neeg tuag los ntawm tus kab mob no [7].

Tsis tas li ntawd, kev tua tus kheej yog siab heev ntawm cov neeg Hungarians. Tshawb fawb Center rau Psychiatry. Serbianlees paub qhov muaj nyob ntawm pawg haiv neeg uas muaj kev pheej hmoo siab ntawm tus cwj pwm tua tus kheej. Tab sis peb tab tom tham ntawm no, theej, tsis yog hais txog haiv neeg-kev coj noj coj ua, tab sis hais txog caj ces qub txeeg qub teg. Yog li cov pab pawg d.b.s. kev kawm Elza Khusnutdinovalos ntawm Ufa lub koom haum ntawm Biochemistry thiab Genetics (Bashkiria) tau ua pov thawj tias cov neeg ntawm Finno-Ugric pawg (Hungarians, Estonians, Finns, Mari, Komi, Udmurts, Bashkirs) muaj kev xav ntau dua rau kev tua tus kheej, uas cuam tshuam nrog cov txheej txheem metabolic [8] (ib qho ntawm cov kev xav - kev ua txhaum ntawm noob caj noob ces, uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev ua neej nyob dhau ib qho kev txhaum hauv lub ntiaj teb crust).

Ntxiv nrog rau cov noob caj noob ces, qhov pom tseeb (lub hom phiaj) kev tua neeg ntawm cov neeg hauv paus txawm los ntawm cov kev tswj hwm tseem cuam tshuam rau lub xeev kev nyuaj siab hauv zej zog. Qhov no tuaj yeem piav qhia qhov tseeb tias Russia thiab Ukraine nyob qhov chaw thib ob ntawm cov neeg uas tuag los ntawm mob qog noj ntshav. Hauv cov tebchaws no, muaj 347 tus neeg tuag rau txhua 100 txhiab tus neeg [4].

Txawm li cas los xij, tib lub sijhawm, kev poob nyiaj txiag qee zaum muab "sab zoo" -

IB TUG ME NYUAM UA HAUJ LWM HAUJ LWM HAUJ LWM HAUJ LWM HAUJ LWM HAUJ LWM HAUJ LWM HAUJ LWM HAUJ LWM HAUV INUSTRIAL PRODUCTION

Los ntawm 1980 txog 1990, muaj qhov tseem ceeb (40%) nce qhov tshwm sim ntawm mob ntsws cancer. Tom qab ntawd, kom txog rau thaum xyoo 1994, cov neeg tuag los ntawm kev mob ntsws cancer hauv ob leeg poj niam tseem nyob ntawm kwv yees li tib theem hauv Russia (75-76 ib 100,000 rau cov txiv neej thiab 8 rau 100,000 rau cov poj niam).

Nyob rau hauv 1999, kev tuag ntawm cov txiv neej poob mus rau 61.5 (ib 100,000), nyob rau hauv 2009 mus rau 50.4. Ntawm cov poj niam, qhov taw qhia yog tsawg thiab nyob ruaj khov: 6, 0 - nyob rau hauv 1999, thiab 5, 8 nyob rau hauv 2009, raws li [9].

Qhov no tuaj yeem piav qhia tsis ntau los ntawm "kev txhim kho hauv kev kho mob zoo" raws li kev poob qis hauv kev tsim khoom, suav nrog cov teeb meem, uas feem ntau yog ua haujlwm los ntawm cov txiv neej. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, vim hais tias qhov tshwm sim yog cuam tshuam tsis tau tsuas yog los ntawm kev sib raug zoo ib puag ncig thiab tej yam ntuj tso tej yam kev mob, tab sis kuj los ntawm cov tshwj xeeb ntawm ntau lawm (mining, foundry, tshuaj, thiab lwm yam ntau lawm).

Kev kis tus kab mob tseem ceeb hauv ntau qhov chaw tuaj yeem ua pov thawj ntawm qhov no. Yog li, qhov xwm txheej sib txawv ntawm cheeb tsam: qhov tshwm sim ntau tshaj plaws ntawm cov txiv neej yog nyob rau hauv Sakhalin, nyob rau hauv lub Altai Territory, Omsk, Chelyabinsk thiab Kurgan cheeb tsam (83, 7-87, 9 mob ib 100,000); rau cov poj niam - nyob rau hauv Yakutia, Khabarovsk Territory, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug (18, 3-24, 1); qhov tsawg kawg nkaus tus nqi yog nyob rau hauv lub Vologda, Kaluga, Yaroslavl thiab Smolensk cheeb tsam (3, 4-4, 4).

Feem ntau, nyob rau hauv cov qauv tam sim no ntawm kev tuag, cov qog no yog nyob rau hauv 1st qhov chaw nyob rau hauv cov txiv neej (30.8%) thiab nyob rau hauv 4th ntawm cov poj niam (6.6%). Hauv cov txiv neej, mob qog noj ntshav yog qhov thib 1 hauv pawg hnub nyoog 40-84 xyoo (thiab thib ob hauv pawg hnub nyoog tshaj 85 xyoo - tom qab mob qog noj ntshav, 11.4%). Hauv cov poj niam, mob qog noj ntshav nyob rau qib 4 hauv pawg hnub nyoog 85 xyoo thiab laus dua (5.6%). Qhov nruab nrab hnub nyoog ntawm cov neeg mob qog nqaij hlav cancer tshiab yog 65 xyoo rau cov txiv neej thiab 68 xyoo rau cov poj niam.

Ntawm 45 lub tebchaws hauv ntiaj teb, qhov kev tuag ntawm lub ntsws cancer (raws li 2002 cov ntaub ntawv [10]) yog raws li hauv qab no:

TSEEM CEEB TIAG TIAG TIAG TIAG TIAG

Lub Koom Haum Kws Kho Mob ntawm Kws Kho Mob Oncologists (Issue 5, 2012) lees paub qhov sib txuas ntawm kev haus luam yeeb thiab mob ntsws cancer (EGFR mutation zaus). Tsis tas li ntawd, kev tshawb fawb txog kev hloov pauv pathogenic qhia txog ntau yam uas cuam tshuam rau kev loj hlob ntawm qog noj ntshav, suav nrog: haus luam yeeb, tus neeg mob tus mob, txoj kev kho mob, thiab haiv neeg [11].

Yog li ntawd, txawm hais tias cov neeg Lavxias yog cov neeg nqa khoom ntawm "cov noob zoo tshaj" - "" [12] - kev sib kis ntawm cov luam yeeb (tsis tas li ntawd, ntawm qhov ua tau zoo dua qub) tau dhau los ua ib hom kev tua neeg. Hauv tebchaws Russia, yuav luag 40% ntawm lub tebchaws cov pejxeem (43.9 lab) haus luam yeeb, ntawm 60.2% yog txiv neej thiab 21.7% yog poj niam.

Cov khoom lag luam luam yeeb tau noj li ntawm 50% hauv cov pab pawg neeg lag luam thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws - los ntawm 19 txog 44 xyoo (7 ntawm 10 tus txiv neej; 4 ntawm 10 tus poj niam). Yuav luag 35% ntawm cov neeg Lavxias yog cov neeg haus luam yeeb ua haujlwm. 90.5% ntawm cov neeg noj mov bar thiab yuav luag 80% ntawm cov qhua hauv tsev noj mov kuj raug cov pa luam yeeb thib ob.

Txoj kev tshawb no qhia tau hais tias ntau dua 60% ntawm cov neeg haus luam yeeb Lavxias xav txiav luam yeeb, tab sis txog 90% ntawm kev sim ua qhov no ua tsis tiav.

Tus nqi nruab nrab txhua hli ntawm Russians ntawm luam yeeb yog 567.6 rubles. Nyob rau hauv 2009, tus nqi ntawm kev yuav luam yeeb los ntawm cov pej xeem ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation muaj li 1% ntawm GDP.

CARCINOGENIC PROPERTIES NTAWM TOBACCO

- yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas ua rau muaj kev loj hlob ntawm mob qog noj ntshav, txawm li cas los xij, cov teeb meem tseem ceeb tsis yog nyob rau hauv nicotine, tab sis nyob rau hauv cov luam yeeb tar uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev haus luam yeeb. Nws cov khoom carcinogenic zoo ib yam li cov thee tar - raws li kev txiav txim siab ntawm tus kws kho mob Lavxias zoo Fedora G. Uglova[13].

Cov kev sim ntawm cov tsiaj sim tau pom tias thaum sib cuag nrog daim tawv nqaij, cov qog tsim nyob rau hauv 100% ntawm cov neeg mob. 1 kg ntawm luam yeeb muaj 70 ml ntawm luam yeeb tar. Kev haus luam yeeb 1 kg ntawm ib lub hlis, ib tug neeg kis tau 840 ml los ntawm txoj hlab ntsws ib xyoos ib zaug, thiab tom qab 10 xyoo - ntau tshaj 8 litres ntawm cov luam yeeb tar, muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau lub epithelium ntawm lub bronchi, uas ua rau nws cov qog nqaij hlav cancer.

Cov kev sim tau ua pov thawj lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev haus luam yeeb tar hauv kev txhim kho qog noj ntshav. Cov pa luam yeeb tau sau thiab tar precipitated, uas tom qab ntawd yaj hauv acetone. Cov tawv nqaij ntawm cov nas kuaj tau lubricated nrog cov tshuaj no 3 zaug hauv ib lub lis piam. Yog li ntawd, lawv tsim papilloma hauv 59% ntawm cov neeg mob (qhov nruab nrab tom qab 71 hnub). Hauv 8.6% ntawm cov neeg mob, papillomas regressed, tab sis hauv 44.4% ntawm lawv, mob qog noj ntshav tau tsim. Cov nas tswj tau lubricated nrog acetone ib leeg. Lawv tsis pom cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm daim tawv nqaij, txawm tias ib qho kab mob ntawm qhov khaus.

Cov pa luam yeeb (thiab tar) hais nyob rau ntawm phab ntsa ntawm alveoli. Ib txhia ntawm lawv ua lawv txoj kev mus rau pharynx yuav spat tawm los yog nqos. Brown me ntsis tshwm nyob rau hauv cov hnoos qeev ntawm tus neeg haus luam yeeb thaum nws tawm. Lwm qhov ntawm cov luam yeeb tar npog lub mucous txheej ntawm tsob ntoo bronchial. Qhov ze rau lub bronchi loj uas lawv sau, qhov ntau dua qhov concentration ntawm luam yeeb tar. Yog li, lub mucous daim nyias nyias ntawm nruab nrab thiab loj bronchi yog raug rau cov concentrated ntsiab lus ntawm luam yeeb tar. Qhov no yuav tsum piav qhia yog vim li cas qhov nruab nrab thiab loj bronchi feem ntau yog qhov chaw ntawm lub ntsws cancer thawj zaug.

Cov kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb tau tsim kom muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev nce hauv qhov tshwm sim ntawm mob qog noj ntshav thiab nce hauv kev haus luam yeeb. Yog li txhua xyoo cov luam yeeb hauv Tebchaws Meskas tau nce feem ntau ntawm 46.3 hauv 1907 txog 2.546 xyoo 1948 (xws li 55 zaug hauv 41 xyoo). Raws li kev txheeb cais los ntawm Lub Koom Haum ntawm US Oncologists, xyoo 1961, ntawm cov neeg haus luam yeeb, tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg tuag los ntawm mob qog noj ntshav tau nce ntxiv rau cov neeg haus luam yeeb txhua hnub.

Thaum txoj kev tshawb no, 40,000 tus kws kho mob raug xam phaj, uas txheeb xyuas 24,000 tus txiv neej cov neeg mob hnub nyoog 35 xyoos. Tom qab 29 lub hlis, 36 tus neeg tuag los ntawm mob ntsws cancer. Tshaj li 54 lub hlis tom ntej (txog Lub Peb Hlis 1956) 84 tus neeg tuag los ntawm mob qog noj ntshav, thaum cov neeg tuag ntawm cov neeg haus luam yeeb (25 haus luam yeeb ib hnub lossis ntau dua) yuav luag 20 npaug ntau dua li cov neeg tsis haus luam yeeb. Thiab tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg tuag los ntawm mob qog noj ntshav tau loj hlob nruj heev rau cov neeg haus luam yeeb txhua hnub.

Qhov tshwm sim ntawm mob ntsws cancer ntawm cov neeg tsis haus luam yeeb yog 7: 100,000. Ntawm cov poj niam uas haus luam yeeb, qhov coefficient no yog 38, ntawm cov txiv neej uas haus luam yeeb - 125 (qhov sib txawv yog piav qhia los ntawm ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm cov luam yeeb ib hnub). Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ntawm cov neeg haus luam yeeb ntawm 1 txog 14 luam yeeb ib hnub, nws yog 47, ntawm 15 txog 24 luam yeeb - 86, thiab ntawm cov neeg haus luam yeeb ntau dua 25 luam yeeb - 166.

Cov ntaub ntawv no muab pov thawj qhia tias mob qog noj ntshav hauv lub ntsws loj hlob ntau dua ntawm cov neeg haus luam yeeb ntau dua li cov neeg haus luam yeeb tsawg. Qhov nruab nrab, nws yuav siv sijhawm li 20 xyoo kom mob ntsws cancer tshwm sim. Cov neeg tuag los ntawm mob qog noj ntshav rau 100,000 tus pej xeem yog qhia los ntawm cov duab hauv qab no: cov neeg tsis haus luam yeeb - 3, 4, cov neeg haus luam yeeb tsawg dua ib nrab ntawm cov luam yeeb ib hnub - 51, 4, los ntawm ib nrab ib pob rau ib pob - 144, ntau dua. tshaj 40 luam yeeb - 217.

Tag nrho cov kev tshawb fawb pom tau tias muaj kev ntseeg zoo heev tias:

1)

2)

3)

4)

DISTRIBUTION NTAWM TOBACCO SAMOKING

Kev paub ntawm cov neeg European nrog haus luam yeeb tshwm sim tom qab nto moo nto moo Christopher Columbus mus rau ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm "West Indies" nyob rau hauv 1492.

Columbus tsuas yog pab hauv cov cuab yeej ntawm kev ntoj ke mus kawm Martin Alonso Pinson [14]. Ib lub nkoj, lub Pinta, yog nws tus kheej, thiab nws tau nruab rau ntawm nws tus kheej tus nqi; nws tau muab nyiaj rau lub nkoj thib ob rau Christopher kom nws tuaj yeem ua nws txoj kev pabcuam raws li kev pom zoo. Rau lub nkoj thib peb, cov nyiaj tau muab los ntawm lub zos Marranos (cov neeg Yudais ua kev cai raus dej) tiv thaiv lawv cov nyiaj them rau cov peev nyiaj.

Qhov tseeb yog tias ntawm lub tsev hais plaub Spanish peb Marranos tau tswj hwm cov nyiaj: Luis de Santagel, tus nqi qis ntawm cov se vaj ntxwv, tus neeg muaj nyiaj txiag muaj koob muaj npe Gabriel Sanchez thiab vaj ntxwv chamberlain Juan Cabrero: koj puas xav tau ntau tus thwjtim? … Nws yog nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm lawv cov dab neeg hais txog qhov xwm txheej ntawm lub txhab nyiaj thiab kev nplua nuj tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm Is Nrias teb, poj huab tais Isabel tau muab nws cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub ua ib qho nyiaj txais los txais nyiaj rau cov khoom siv ntawm kev ntoj ke mus kawm. Santagell, tus tswv tsev se vaj tse, sai "pom" cov nyiaj.

Qhov kev txaus siab ntawm cov neeg Yudais tsis raug xwm txheej: Columbus tau tawm mus rau hiav txwv thaum Lub Yim Hli 3, 1492 - hnub tom qab ntau dua 300,000 cov neeg Yudais, vim tsis kam lees txais kev ntseeg, raug ntiab tawm ntawm Spain. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tsawg kawg tsib cov neeg Yudais tau tawm mus nrog Columbus: tus txhais lus Luis de Torres, kws kho mob Marco, kws kho mob Bernal, Ntsib cov neeg Alonzo de la Calle thiab.

Luis de Santagel thiab Gabriel Sanchez tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo rau lawv txoj kev koom tes hauv rooj plaub; Columbus nws tus kheej tau pib raug kaw, dhau los ua tus neeg raug tsim txom ntawm lub nkoj tus kws kho mob Bernal.

Thaum Columbus nrhiav pom teb chaws Cuba thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis 6, 1492, Luis de Torres yog ib feem ntawm pab pawg uas tau mus rau ntug dej thiab sau rau hauv lub nkoj lub cav tias "". Lub caij no, kev siv luam yeeb muaj qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua yeeb yam, tab sis Torres txiav txim siab "ua lag luam" thiab nqa cov nplooj luam yeeb rau Spain, ua "" [15].

Nws yog tus yam ntxwv uas thaum "thawj tus neeg haus luam yeeb ntawm Tebchaws Europe" - Rodrigo de Jerez - ua kom pom nws "kev txawj ntse", Vaj Ntsuj Plig Dawb Huv tau hais rau nws ib leeg nyob ib leeg rau 4 xyoos nrog kev thov Vajtswv thiab yoo mov. Lub tsev teev ntuj txwv tsis pub cov ntseeg tau muab kev txaus siab tshwj xeeb rau cov neeg Yudais, uas tau pib ua haujlwm (monopolistically) nthuav tawm cov kev cai ua yeeb yam nrog lawv tus kheej, ntxias cov neeg Mev, Fabkis, Askiv, Germans thiab Dutch thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th los ntawm "haus luam yeeb".

Nws yog qhov tseeb tias cov kws qhia ntawv, uas tau txais lawv cov nyiaj tau los ntawm kev lag luam luam yeeb kagala, tau coj lawv txoj kev lag luam ib txwm - pib sib tham tsis yog kev coj ncaj ncees, tab sis "tswj cov txheej txheem." Ua ntej tshaj plaws, los ntawm kev txwv tsis pub nws pab yaj haus luam yeeb rau "hnub dawb huv" thiab thov kom tau txais koob hmoov tshwj xeeb rau kev haus luam yeeb rau lwm hnub - zoo li rabbi Chaw Benveniste (1603-1673) hauv Keneset ha-Gedolah. A Abraham Gombiner (1635 - 1683), txwv tsis pub haus luam yeeb thaum thov Vajtswv, sib cav hais tias nws tsis tuaj yeem muab cov pa luam yeeb vim nws cov khoom tawg thiab cov khoom tsis zoo [16].

TOBACCO MONOPOLY OF JEWS

Tsis ntev, cov neeg Yudais nyob hauv lub Ntiaj Teb Tshiab tau koom nrog hauv kev cog qoob loo, tsim cov khoom lag luam luam yeeb thiab kev lag luam hauv kev lag luam loj - Tebchaws Europe.

Los ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, German thaj av ntawm Baden, Prussia thiab Rineland sai sai tau los ua qhov chaw ntawm European kev lag luam luam yeeb. Cov kev lag luam luam yeeb tseem ceeb hauv Tebchaws Europe yog nyob ntawm no. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv lub nroog Manheim, 40% ntawm kev luam yeeb luam yeeb yog 4% ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv, ib txwm yog cov neeg Yudais.

Thaum lub sij hawm lub teb chaws Ottoman Habsburgs Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th, 90% ntawm cov luam yeeb luam yeeb yog cov neeg Yudais. 1743 to 1748 Sib Diego d'Aguilar tuav lub monopoly ntawm kev luam yeeb luam yeeb hauv Austria. Xyoo 1778 Sephard Israel Hoenig thiab tau tsim lub Austrian State Tobacco Monopoly.

TOBACCO GESHEFT IN RUSSIA

Nyob rau hauv Russia, nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Nizhyn, Chernigov koog tsev kawm ntawv, nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th muaj cov luam yeeb loj tshaj plaws, qhov twg cov neeg Yudais nyob rau hauv 1648, ua gesheft ntawm vices: usury, luam nyob rau hauv cawv thiab luam yeeb. Xyoo 1867, 45,204 tus neeg nyob hauv Nizhyn, ib nrab ntawm cov neeg Yudais. Qhov no "domination ntawm vices" coj mus rau inevitable pogroms: vim li ntawd, ib nrab ntawm lub tsev nyob rau hauv lub nroog tau ib feem puas thiab hlawv. Yog li ntawd, cov neeg Yudais txo lawv txoj kev tswj hwm, tab sis tsis ntau - los ntawm ib nrab, mus rau 1/3. Yog li xyoo 1897, ntawm 32,108 tus neeg nyob, 10,859 tseem yog cov neeg Yudais. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov chaw luam yeeb hauv zos tau tsim cov luam yeeb ntawm Lavxias thiab cov yeeb nkab yeeb nkab. Pib kev luam yeeb ntawm no Zino Davidov.

Qhov thib ob qhov chaw ntawm luam yeeb gesheft nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th nyob rau hauv Russia yog Chisinau, lub peev ntawm Bessarabia, uas feem ntau ntawm cov luam yeeb thiab luam yeeb factories kuj koom rau cov neeg Yudais. Xyoo 1904, 147,962 tus neeg nyob hauv Chisinau, uas kwv yees li 50,000 yog cov neeg Yudais, uas yog tus tswv ntawm cov tsev txhab nyiaj loj tshaj plaws, tswj hwm kev lag luam luam yeeb, kev xa tawm nplej thiab kev lag luam nrog Odessa thiab Austria. Lub kagal tau muab cov luam yeeb gesheft rau 115 tsev neeg, ntawm 63 tsev neeg tswj kev yuav khoom thiab cog cov luam yeeb, 35 tsev neeg muaj cov khw muag luam yeeb, warehouses thiab factories, tshuav 17 xeem tau ntiav los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm. 598 tus neeg ua haujlwm hauv cov chaw ua luam yeeb, qhov nruab nrab ntawm 20-30 tus neeg ua haujlwm, hauv qhov loj - ntau dua 60.

Cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv raw yog lub nroog Dubossary, 40 km ntawm Chisinau. Ntawm no xyoo 1897, tawm ntawm 13,276 tus neeg, ntau dua 5,000 yog cov neeg Yudais, 95% ntawm lawv tau koom nrog "kev lag luam luam yeeb".

PAUB TIAS MONOPOLY OF VICTIM

Txij li thaum xyoo pua 17th, Ashkenazi cov neeg Yudais (Khazars) pib tsiv mus rau Tebchaws Cuba, koom nrog Sephardi haus luam yeeb gesheft. Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th, Asher & Solomon, ib lub tuam txhab tshwj xeeb hauv snuff, tau nto moo hauv Novy Svet. Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, Keeney Cov Kwv Tij tau tsim qhov muag zoo tshaj plaws Sweet Caporal cigarillos hauv Tebchaws Meskas, ntiav ntau tshaj 2,000 cov neeg Yudais. Lawv cov kev txaus siab tau raug tiv thaiv los ntawm thawj lub koomhaum ua lag luam ntawm cov neeg tsim luam yeeb hauv Tebchaws Meskas tau tsim tsa xyoo 1867 los ntawm cov neeg Yudais. Samuel Gompers.

Lub caij no, cov neeg Yudais lawv tus kheej raug coj mus rau hauv kev haus luam yeeb, thiab cov neeg haus luam yeeb hauv "hnub dawb huv" tau mus rau hookah tuav thiab haus luam yeeb, vim cov xibhwb tsis hais dab tsi txog lawv hauv "txoj cai ntawm Talmud".

Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev tsim luam yeeb thiab luam yeeb tau dhau los ua "kev lag luam ntawm cov neeg Yudais" uas muaj patents rau cov khoom siv rau kev tsim luam yeeb thiab luam yeeb.

Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, cov duab kos duab ntawm kev haus luam yeeb cov neeg Yudais pib tshwm nyob rau hauv European thiab Lavxias teb sab periodicals, thiab lub sij hawm ntawm Fabkis neurologist tshwm nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv kho mob. Jean Martin Charcot - "intermittent claudication". Tom qab ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb zoo sib xws (piv txwv li, Warsaw neurologist Henrik (Haim) Heeger / Henryk (Chaim) Higier nyob rau hauv 1901), European ntawv xov xwm pib circulate cov duab ntawm nruab nrab cov neeg Yudais - ib tug ceg tawv, hunched txiv neej nrog ib tug tsaus muag complexion thiab nyias cov hniav, haus luam yeeb haus luam yeeb los yog luam yeeb. Piv txwv li, los ntawm lub sij hawm ntawd nyob rau hauv Russia, cov neeg Yudais nyiam haus luam yeeb thiab haus luam yeeb, tsawg dua luam yeeb.

Xyoo 1846, 2 xyoos tom qab tshaj tawm kev ywj pheej ntawm Dominican koom pheej, hais rau Thawj Tswj Hwm. Pedro Santana ib tsab ntawv tuaj ntawm Dominican cov neeg haus luam yeeb los ntawm Cibao Valley. Nws tau hais tias Sephardic cov tub lag luam luam yeeb tau yuav tag nrho cov qoob loo ntawm cov khoom lag luam luam yeeb ntawm tus nqi siab tsis tsim nyog los ntawm cov neeg ua liaj ua teb hauv zos thiab thov kev tiv thaiv los ntawm kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov tub lag luam Jewish. Ces tus thawj tswj hwm tau tshaj tawm tsab cai txwv tsis pub neeg txawv teb chaws los yuav luam yeeb. Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab 7 xyoo, Sephardi cov neeg Yudais tau ua haujlwm siab hauv tsoomfwv thiab Congress ntawm Dominican koom pheej thiab tau raug xaiv tsa ua sawv cev rau lwm lub tebchaws.

Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm los ntawm nruab nrab. XIX - thaum ntxov XX centuries Qhov kev lag luam hauv ntiaj teb no tau dhau los ua ib lub teb chaws mono-thoob ntiaj teb, ntau lub tsev luam yeeb tau tsom mus rau hauv tebchaws Poland. Piv txwv li, cov neeg Yudais lub tuam txhab Leopold Kronenberg tsim 25% ntawm tag nrho cov luam yeeb thiab yeeb nkab haus los ntawm European lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv 1867.

JEWISH TOBACCO CAPITALISM

Tom qab Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib ib, tag nrho cov luam yeeb nyob sab Europe tau hu ua "Jewish", vim cov tswv ntawm feem ntau ntawm cov kev lag luam no yog cov neeg Yudais. Tab sis twb yog thaum pib ntawm 30s. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua nees nkaum, lawv tau pib hloov lawv txoj kev koom tes hauv kev lag luam luam yeeb mus rau lwm tus tswv (thaum pib ntawm kev tsim "offshore tuam txhab"), tuav cov lus ntawm cov tswv cuab ntawm pawg thawj coj ntawm kev lag luam thiab cov khw muag khoom. Qhov no feem ntau yog vim qhov pib ntawm lub teb chaws tawm tsam hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees.

Xyoo 1941 Johan Van Leers, tus editor ntawm phau ntawv xov xwm Nordische Welt, ntawm kev qhib Wissenschaftliches Institut zur Erforschung der Tabakgefahren (Lub Tsev Haujlwm Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Ua Phem Txhaum Cai) tau hais tias "Cov neeg Yudais kev lag luam luam yeeb" yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev sib kis ntawm luam yeeb hauv Tebchaws Europe. Nws hais ntxiv tias thawj cov tub luam yeeb hauv tebchaws Yelemes yog cov neeg Yudais. Kev ntes loj thiab kev ua pej xeem ntawm lawv cov lag luam pib.

Thaum pib ntawm 1940, 3, 9 lab cov neeg Yudais tawm hauv Tebchaws Europe. 72% mus rau Tebchaws Meskas, 10% rau Palestine thiab 18% mus rau Latin America. Los ntawm lawv cov kev siv zog, Tebchaws Meskas tau dhau los ua "lub tebchaws cigar tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb." Qee lub npe ntawm "tus neeg ua lag luam" tau muaj sia nyob:

Lwm cov tuam txhab, tshaj tawm cov neeg Yudais, tau hloov mus rau hauv kev lag luam, nrog cov tswv zais tom qab cov tuam txhab sab nrauv thiab cov peev nyiaj ua rau cov kev ua phem.

Dab tsi lawv ntxiv rau cov luam yeeb niaj hnub no - sib nrug ntawm algae thiab chemistry - yog qhov nyuaj rau hais tsis meej, tab sis cov txiaj ntsig tau pom meej - kev dhia nrawm hauv kev mob qog noj ntshav txij li xyoo 1950s thiab, qhov tseeb, muaj mob qog noj ntshav txij li xyoo 1980s.

Txawm li cas los xij, -

YOG LEEJ TWG PAUB

Txog xyoo 1959, tsawg kawg 20,000 cov neeg Yudais nyob hauv tebchaws Cuba. Tom qab nom tswv los kav Fidel 90% ntawm cov neeg Yudais hauv zos tau tawm hauv tebchaws Cuba. Thiab txawm hais tias peb lub tsev teev ntuj tau muaj sia nyob hauv Havana, niaj hnub no tsis muaj ib tus xibhwb hauv tebchaws Cuba, tab sis lub tswv yim ntawm kev tawm tsam cov neeg Yudais tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav, thiab Cuban "Cov Neeg Yudais" tsis cuam tshuam nrog kev haus luam yeeb thiab luam yeeb - ua haujlwm xws li kws txiav plaub hau, saib xyuas, tos txais. thiab cov kws ua yeeb yam [17]

[1] Cov ntaub ntawv ntawm Lub Chaw Haujlwm Thoob Ntiaj Teb rau Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Kho Mob IACR (GLOBOCAN 2008, IARC, 30.4.2012)

[2]

[3] Cov ntawv xov xwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab Oncology Center. N. N. Blokhin RAMS, v. 22, no. 3 (appendix 1), 2011

[4] xyoo 2009, 290 737 tus neeg tuag los ntawm malignant neoplasms, thiab 51 433 ntawm lawv - los ntawm mob ntsws cancer

[5] 95% ntawm cov neeg uas tuag los ntawm mob ntsws cancer haus 1-2 packs ntawm luam yeeb txhua hnub; Kev haus luam yeeb tshuaj maj, uas muaj ntau tshaj li cov luam yeeb, tshwj xeeb yog cuam tshuam

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10] "Kev txheeb xyuas ntawm morbidity thiab tuag los ntawm malignant neoplasms nyob rau hauv 2000", los ntawm cov sau "Malignant neoplasms nyob rau hauv Russia thiab lub CIS lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv 2000", Moscow, Lavxias teb sab Oncology Center. N. N. Blokhin Lavxias Academy ntawm Kev Kho Mob Sciences. 2002, -s. 85-106

[11] Florescu M., Hasan B., Seymour L., et al. Kev soj ntsuam kev soj ntsuam xyuas qhov ntsuas rau cov neeg mob kho nrog erlotinib hauv National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group kawm BR.21. J Thorac Oncol 2008; 3 (6): 590-598

[12] V. M. Zhukov, "Lub Tswv Yim rau Kev Ciaj sia nyob ntawm haiv neeg Dawb", Lub Tsev Haujlwm ntawm Kev Communitarianism

[13] FG Uglov - tus kws phais zoo tshaj plaws, cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawm tus tsim ntawm Lavxias teb sab oncology NN Petrov; Academician ntawm Lavxias teb sab Academy ntawm Kev Kho Mob Sciences, laureate ntawm ntau yam khoom plig thiab honorary tswv cuab ntawm ib tug xov tooj ntawm domestic thiab txawv teb chaws scientific societies

[14] K. Myamlin, “System usury. Tshooj III. Lub sijhawm Judeo-Protestant: Lub txhab nyiaj ntawm Amsterdam - qhov chaw ntawm kev lag luam qhev ", VK Institute

[15] G. Ford, "International Jewry"

[16] Magen Abraham Shulḥan ‘Aruk, Oraḥ Ḥayyim, 210, 9

[17] Dmitry Drutsa, "Tobacco thiab Cigars nyob rau hauv Lub Hnub Qub ntawm David", cigarros.ru, 2009