Cov txheej txheem:
Video: Crafts ntawm ancient Russia
2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06
Craftsmanship: Cog nrog pearls ntawm dawb
Cog nrog pearls ntawm dawb yog ib hom tshwj xeeb thiab zoo nkauj ntawm Lavxias teb sab paj ntaub, paub los ntawm kev pom ntawm lub xyoo pua txij li thaum 11th. Tab sis cov kos duab no tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv Russia nyob rau hauv lub 15-17th centuries, thaum ib tug ceeb toom "Tatar" (tiag tiag Tartar) lub hwj chim tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub costumes ntawm Lavxias teb sab nobility. Cov thav ntawv ntawm cov cim thiab cov khoom siv hauv tsev teev ntuj, phau ntawv npog, cov khaub ncaws ua koob tsheej thiab kev ua koob tsheej ntawm cov neeg ntseeg ntuj thiab cov txiv plig, khoom siv, khau, kaus mom … feem ntau, txhua yam uas tuaj yeem dai nrog paj ntaub yog embroidered nrog pearls thiab semi-precious pob zeb. Pearls tau mined nyob rau sab qaum teb cov dej ntws los ntawm pearls. Cov plhaub lawv tus kheej kuj tau siv - lawv tau txiav cov niam-ntawm-pearl mus rau cov ntxhais 'thiab poj niam headdresses; nws kuj tau siv rau hauv paj ntaub.
"Linen" yog ib lub flooring ua los ntawm paj rwb los yog linen (feem ntau yog dawb) threads, uas yog siv nyob rau hauv no hom ntawm paj ntaub. Zaum ntawm dawb yog ntau theem thiab siv sij hawm ntau hom paj ntaub. Tab sis nyob rau hauv daim ntawv tiav, embroidered cov khoom saib heev nplua nuj thiab luxurious. tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum paj ntaub yog tsim los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntuj.
Craftsmanship: Arkhangelsk roe. Gingerbread painting
Tshis los yog tshis yog cov duab ua los ntawm khob noom cookie, dai kom zoo nkauj thiab ci. Lub npe tshis tsis yog los ntawm lo lus tshis lossis roe mos lwj, tab sis los ntawm lo lus Pomor lub ntsiab lus "curl", "nas".
Kozuli yog Ameslikas lub teb chaws delicacy ntawm Pomors (cov neeg nyob hauv lub xeev Arkhangelsk), uas ua rau lawv tsuas yog rau Christmas. Tam sim no, roe mos lwj yog tsim nyob rau hauv Arkhangelsk thiab Murmansk cheeb tsam, thiab nyob rau hauv lub Urals. Cossul kuj tseem suav tias yog hom gingerbread. Tsis tas li ntawd, roes ua los ntawm cov menyuam yaus yog siv los ua cov khoom ua si.
Cov ntsiab lus:
- keeb kwm ntawm gingerbread nyob rau hauv Russia mus rau niaj hnub no, - npaj mov paj (daim ntawv qhia zaub mov, los ntawm 14 feeb), - glaze npaj ntawm 21 feeb; Traditional Arkhangelsk daim ntawv qhia, nrog syrup.
Thov nco ntsoov tias nws raug pom zoo kom siv cov hmoov nplej qib 1 thiab qib 2 los ua lub khob noom cookie, tsis txhob siv cov hmoov nplej zoo li qub!
Craftsmanship: Bogorodskaya carving
Nyob rau hauv lub zos ntawm Bogorodskoye, tsis deb ntawm Sergiev Posad, woodcarving craftsmen, lub successors ntawm lub glorious kab lig kev cai ntawm Lavxias teb sab artisans, nyob thiab ua hauj lwm. Bogorodsk carving tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 16th.
Cov neeg ua liaj ua teb ua cov khoom ua si rau nws cov menyuam, rau lwm tus menyuam yaus, thiab qhov ntawd, koj pom, nws pib muag maj mam. Cov neeg nyob ze hauv lub zos, pom tej yam zoo li no, pib ua lag luam nuv ntses lawv tus kheej, thiab peb mus. Sij hawm dhau mus, tsis muaj ib tsev neeg tseem nyob hauv lub zos uas lawv yuav tsis tau muab cov ntoo tawm. Cov cwj pwm uas cov craftsmen coj los ua qauv rau lawv cov khoom ua si tau puag ncig lawv txij thaum yau. Tus tswv yug yaj, ntoo txiav, cov neeg ua teb nrog tus nyuj, tshuab txiav. Tom qab ntawd, cov neeg txawj ntse, cov poj niam thiab cov hussars, cov tswv av thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm tau tshwm sim hauv cov haujlwm ntawm Bogorodians.
Yog hais tias cov neeg zoo tib yam nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm Bogorodsk craftsmen twb portrayed, raws li txoj cai, nrog kev hlub thiab kev sov so, ces nyob rau hauv cov duab ntawm cov poj niam thiab hussars yuav luag ib txwm pom tsis meej pem lom zem thiab irony. Ib tug yam ntxwv feature ntawm cov khoom ua si Bogorodsk yog hais tias tag nrho cov cim yog piav nyob rau hauv tsab ntawv tsa suab, nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim inherent nyob rau hauv no ua cim. Yog hais tias nws yog woodcutter, ces nws yoj ib tug axes, yog hais tias nws yog hussar, ces nws pranks rau nees.
Txuas ntxiv: Crafts ntawm ancient Russia. Ntu 2
Pom zoo:
Kws qhia ntawv ntawm kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm Russia thiab sab hnub poob - kev txuas ntxiv ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm kev vam meej ntawm Aryans thiab Erbins
Kev tshawb pom ntawm Anatoly Klyosov, Tus Kws Kho Mob ntawm Chemistry, xibfwb ntawm Harvard University, txuas ntxiv ua rau cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub ntiaj teb kev tshawb fawb thiab cov neeg zoo tib yam
Re-kev kawm ntawm cov neeg tseem ceeb ntawm Russia. Ib tug tshiab yug ntawm cov neeg los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th
Cov tsev kawm ntawv uas pib tshwm nyob rau hauv Russia nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th tau txawv los ntawm lawv qhov hnyav: cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog rau xyoo raug coj los ntawm tsev, thiab mus txog rau hnub nyoog 17-20 xyoo lawv nyob hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv, thiab lawv tuaj yeem ua tau. pom lawv niam lawv txiv tsuas yog hnub teem tseg thiab nyob ntawm tus kws qhia ntawv
TOP-8 lub tsev ntawm ancient sij hawm: amphitheaters ntawm Ancient Rome thiab ultra-modern kev ua si arenas
Txij thaum ancient sij hawm, lub chaw ntau pob tau ua ib qho chaw pe hawm rau cov kiv cua kis las. Los ntawm cov tuam tsev qub qub qub, lawv tau hloov mus rau hauv cov khoom zoo tshaj plaws ntawm engineering thiab tsim, uas tsis yog tsuas yog kev sib tw kis las, lawv tau dhau los ua qhov chaw tseem ceeb rau kev ua yeeb yam loj thiab kev coj noj coj ua
Crafts nyob rau hauv Russia. Ntu 3
Peb txuas ntxiv mus xav txog cov txuj ci ntawm cov neeg Lavxias, uas ib txwm muaj ntau yam xav tsis thoob. Qhov kev sau no tshawb txog peb hom khoom siv hauv Lavxias: qauv knitting, rag dolls, thiab pottery. Hauv txhua zaj duab xis, Masters ntawm lawv cov khoom siv tes ua txaus siab qhia cov lus zais ntawm cov khoom siv tes ua
Crafts nyob rau hauv Russia. Ntu 6
Peb txuas ntxiv mus xav txog cov txuj ci ntawm cov neeg Lavxias, uas ib txwm muaj ntau yam xav tsis thoob. Lub sij hawm no peb yuav mus xyuas lub nroog Kargopolye, uas yog nyob rau hauv lub Arkhangelsk cheeb tsam. Flax, uas yog hu ua "sab qaum teb txhob lo lo ntxhuav", Kargapolskaya khoom ua si, Kargopolk lub nkoj, lub voos xwmfab pob taws - cov no yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev tso tawm hnub no