Cov ntshav mus qhov twg uas (r) taro-mo (n) taub hau

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Tom qab nyeem tsab xov xwm, tawm (lossis ntxiv) cov ntawv tsim nyog hauv lub npe no koj tus kheej.

Kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm cov neeg zoo tib yam thiab cov neeg txhawb nqa ntawm lwm yam keeb kwm txog qhov kev tshwm sim keeb kwm ntawm kev kov yeej ntawm Horde ntawm Russia txuas ntxiv nrog kev siv sijhawm ntev. Tab sis ntawm lwm txoj kev, lub ntsiab lus no tau raug tsa tsawg dua, txij li thaum yuav luag txhua tus nkag siab txhua yam.

Muaj Tartary nrog nws cov xeev (Great. Moscow, Suav, Independent, thiab lwm yam. Tartary). Thiab muaj kev tsov kev rog hauv pej xeem, kev rov qab los, rov qab los ntawm Muscovy rov qab mus rau kev ua pej xeem ntawm Tartary, tshem tawm ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog internecine ntawm cov thawj coj. Qhov tseeb, nws yog kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm cov neeg Lavxias thiab cov Russians (los yog vice versa, uas yog tib yam).

Qhov no yog paub nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm lub ntsug ntawm lub hwj chim:

Kuv tsis paub yog vim li cas, tab sis piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm ib phau ntawv keeb kwm, lub tswv yim ntawm "Tatar-Mongol yoke" tau hloov los ntawm cov kab lus "Horde yoke". Txawm hais tias cov neeg keeb kwm niaj hnub no tau pom tias muaj qee yam tsis raug ntawm no, lossis hais tias lo lus no tsis "hu tawm" lub qhov muag. Ib qhov chaw

Sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Kulikovo

Fragment ntawm lub icon ntawm St. Sergius ntawm Radonezh "Sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Kulikovo". Nws qhia meej tias tib cov tub rog sib ntaus sib tua ntawm ob sab. Thiab qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua no zoo li kev tsov rog hauv pej xeem ntau dua li kev ua tsov rog nrog tus yeej txawv teb chaws.

Tau kawg, nws tuaj yeem sib cav tias cov no yog kev ua tsov rog internecine ntawm cov thawj coj ntawm Muscovy, tab sis cov peev txheej hais tias qhov no yog raws nraim (r) Tara thiab Lavxias teb sab regiments.

Tag nrho cov duab no, coj los ntawm ob qho tib si Lavxias teb sab thiab European qhov chaw, qhia txog kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Russians nrog Mongol-Tatars, tab sis tsis muaj leej twg tuaj yeem txiav txim siab leej twg yog Lavxias thiab leej twg yog Tatar. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv rooj plaub tom kawg, ob lub Russians thiab "Mongol-Tatars" hnav yuav luag tib yam gilded armor thiab kaus mom hlau, thiab sib ntaus sib tua nyob rau hauv tib banners nrog cov duab ntawm tus Cawm Seej tsis ua los ntawm txhais tes. Lwm qhov yog tias "Spas" ntawm ob tog tawm tsam, feem ntau yuav txawv.

Muaj ib lub nroog me me hauv Turkey hu ua Söğüt. Lub nroog me me, tab sis tseem ceeb heev rau cov Turks. Nws nyob ntawm no tias lub tebchaws Ottoman ntseeg tias muaj keeb kwm, uas muaj nyob rau ntau dua 600 xyoo - los ntawm 1299 txog 1922.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau nws muaj ib tug me me gallery ntawm busts ntawm yuav luag tag nrho cov founders ntawm lub teb chaws Ottoman uas tam sim no paub nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, nyob rau hauv uas lub xyoo ntawm lub hav zoov ntawm cov empires yog engraved.

Cia peb pom leej twg yog tus sawv cev rau qhov ntawd thiab lawv saib li cas, raws li cov keeb kwm Turkish:

Hauv lub nroog Shogut, Khan Batu tau piav qhia hauv cov duab puab. Thiab raws li peb tau pom, nws yog ib tug txiv neej ntawm European tsos. Tsis muaj ntxhiab tsw ntawm Mongols thiab Turks ntawm no.

Bust ntawm Babur, tus tsim ntawm Mughal Empire, Shogut, Qaib ntxhw.

Bust ntawm Attila, tus tsim ntawm Hunnic Empire

Bust ntawm Bumyn Kagan, tus tsim ntawm Turkic Kaganate.

Bust ntawm Alp-Tegin, tus tsim ntawm Ghaznavid dynasty hauv Afghanistan.

Bust of Pan, tus tsim ntawm Hunnic Empire (300 xyoo ua ntej tshaj Attila).

Bust ntawm Timur, tus tsim ntawm lub teb chaws Ottoman thiab Timurid dynasty, nrog lub peev hauv Samarkand

Txawm li cas los xij, cov no tuaj yeem suav tias yog cov duab niaj hnub, txawm li cas los xij, raws li lawv hais, tsis muaj leej twg rub cov Turks rau "lus," thiab lawv tuaj yeem yooj yim noj "emperors" ntawm txhua hom sab hnub tuaj lossis Mongoloid, tab sis rau qee yam lawv tsis ua. Kuv xav tsis thoob yog tias cov Turks xav tias los ntawm kev nthuav tawm cov tsim ntawm txhua lub tebchaws ntawm Eurasia li cov neeg dawb, Caucasians, lawv tau ua txhaum tag nrho cov kev cai "liberal" ntawm kev ywj pheej thiab kev zam txim, thiab ua txhaum loj heev ntawm "kev ntxub ntxaug" tawm tsam txhua haiv neeg.. Peb cia siab tias lawv tau ua txhua yam no txhob txwm tshaj tawm, kom tsis txhob ua txhaum qhov tseeb.

Tau kawg, tsis yog tag nrho cov huab tais no koom nrog "Tatar-Mongol" quab yuam. Tab sis tag nrho cov neeg no muaj feem xyuam nrog thaj chaw uas Tartary tau nthuav tawm.

Peb twb tau sau txog cov duab ntawm Tamerlane hauv cov duab qub. Kuv yuav muab nws ua ib qho ntxiv

Tab sis cov Mongols lawv tus kheej succumbed rau lub ntiaj teb no lub tswv yim hais txog lawv cov pog koob yawg koob thiab ntsia no monument rau Genghis Khan ntawm lawv qhov chaw. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj leej twg nug lawv.

Xav txog yam dab tsi ntawm kev ua tub rog, kev tsim khoom, thiab muab lub zog uas koj yuav tsum muaj txhawm rau txhawm rau ua cov phiaj xwm, kev ntes cov nroog ntau txhiab mais deb - qhov no yuav tsum yog lub tebchaws muaj zog, lub tebchaws muaj kev loj hlob thiab kev tsim kho.

Feem ntau, peb tuaj yeem hais nrog kev ntseeg siab tias Tatars hauv lub tswvyim ntawm "Tatar-Mongol yoke" yog tartars los ntawm Tartary. Tsab ntawv raug tshem tawm tshwj xeeb, lossis nws tsis tau hais tawm los ntawm cov neeg txawv teb chaws ("er" nyuaj rau kev hais lus rau ntau pawg lus). Thiab yog li ntawd lo lus daig nyob rau hauv ib tug distorted daim ntawv. Ntxiv mus, nyob rau ntau daim ntawv qhia lub xeev ntawm Tartaria tau nyeem raws li Tartary.

Cov no yog tag nrho cov cim qhia tsis ncaj thiab sab nraud uas tus quab ntawm Horde tsis yog Tatar thiab tsis yog Mongolian. Muaj qhov tseeb ntxiv. Yuav kom poob mus rau lawv, cia peb saib xyuas lwm lub tswv yim nthuav hauv lo lus "Tatar-Mongol yoke" - qhov no yog lo lus "Mongolian". Nws tuaj qhov twg?

Nov yog keeb kwm luv luv ntawm kev tsim ntawm Mongolia:

Raws li koj tuaj yeem nkag siab, Mongolia yog ib feem ntawm lub tebchaws Suav. Lub teb chaws tsim khoom tsim. Puas muaj leej twg tuaj yeem muab piv txwv seb thaj chaw no puas tau hais tias yog Mongolia ua ntej pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th? Los yog tej zaum historians txhob txwm tsis meej pem (los yog hloov pauv) Mughals rau Mongols nyob rau hauv lub Tatar-Mongol quab?

Lub teb chaws ntawm Mughals.

Cov no yog tag nrho cov khoom muaj ntawm Mughals loj hauv ib lub sijhawm.

Keeb kwm ntawm Mughal muaj

Great Mogul ntawm engraving

Mughal faj tim teb chawslos yog lub Mughal faj tim teb chaws (tus Persian nws tus kheej lub npe - Gurkâniyân los ntawm Timur's mansabaamir Gurkānī ("Khan tus tub xeeb ntxwv")) yog Timurid lub xeev uas muaj nyob rau hauv ib cheeb tsam ntawm niaj hnub Is Nrias teb, Pakistan thiab sab hnub tuaj Afghanistan nyob rau hauv 1526-1540 thiab 1555-1858 (ua tau mus txog rau nruab nrab XVIII caug xyoo). Cov ciam teb ntawm lub teb chaws Ottoman tau hloov pauv loj thoob plaws hauv nws lub neej.

Lub npe "Great Mughals" twb tshwm sim nyob rau hauv British colonialists, tsis yog tus tsim ntawm lub teb chaws Ottoman, los yog nws cov xeeb ntxwv hu lawv tus kheej li ntawd. Lo lus "mogul" tau siv los ntawm cov pej xeem hauv Is Nrias teb kom xa mus rau txhua tus Muslims hauv North India thiab Central Asia.

Peb pom saum toj no yam Timur zoo li. Tej zaum cov no yog cov poj koob yawm txwv ntawm cov neeg siab dua hauv Is Nrias teb? Tseeb, txawm tam sim no muaj ntau Aryan nyob rau hauv lawv tshaj Negroid. Thiab raws li genealogy, nws ntseeg hais tias sab qaum teb ntawm Is Nrias teb yog cov cab kuj ntawm pab pawg neeg halo R1a1.

Tus tsim ntawm Mughal Empire yog tus tub ntawm Humayun - Akbar (1556-1605). Akbar txoj kev kav (49 xyoo) tau mob siab rau kev sib koom ua ke thiab kev sib haum xeeb ntawm lub xeev.

Cia peb txuas ntxiv cov logic. Yog hais tias Tatars yog tartars. Puas yog cov Mongols tej zaum cov Mughals? Qee cov ignoramuses los ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm sciences coj thiab txhais tsis raug lossis txhais cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm yav dhau los lossis keeb kwm. Thiab tam sim no peb mus … ntawm phau ntawv mus rau phau ntawv.

Cov lus nug tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog, dab tsi kev cai cuab yeej cuab tam Igo tau tso rau ntawm ciam teb sab hnub poob ntawm nws thaj chaw? Nws hloov tawm hais tias nyob rau hauv peb puas xyoo - tsis muaj. Thiab ntau dua, txawm tias cov ntshav Mongolian tsis taug qab hauv cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv Muscovy, Russia, Eastern Europe thiab tom qab Russia. Los ntawm lo lus - kiag li!

Halo pawg ntawm Mongoloids yog pawg halo "C" thiab "O". Yog tias Mongolian ntshav tsis taug qab, ces tej zaum nws yog qhov xav tau los xav tias cov Tatar-Mongols tau tso ib qho uas peb muaj - R1a1:

Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, pawg neeg halo R1a1 tau nthuav dav tshwj tsis yog nyob rau sab hnub tuaj Europe thiab hauv thaj chaw ntawm Is Nrias teb uas cov Mughals zoo nyob. Thiab ntes tau sab qaum teb ntawm Mongolia. Ib qhov chaw

Yog tias peb xav txog qhov muaj feem ntau ntawm cov genus R1a1a ntawm lub ntiaj teb no, ces lub ncov loj ntawm cov zaus ntog rau sab hnub tuaj Europe. Qhov ntau zaus ntawm haplogroup muaj nyob rau hauv Russia, Ukraine thiab Poland. Lwm thaj chaw yog South Siberia thiab Hindustan. Hauv Is Nrias teb, qhov siab tshaj plaws yog pom nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm lub teb chaws, thiab nyob rau hauv lub siab dua castes mus txog 40-50%. Hauv Siberia, R1a1a pom muaj ntau ntawm cov neeg hauv paus txawm, tab sis feem ntau ntawm Altai - txog li 40%.

Kev faib tawm ntawm pawg halo "C", ib qho ntawm cov ceg ntawm Mongoloids. Ib qhov chaw

Feem ntau thiab ntau ceg ntawm C. Nyob rau North American sab av loj, tsuas yog cov Indians (nrog ib zaus ntawm 8%) yog tus ntxhais ceg C3b (P39) pom. C3d (M407) ceg muaj nyob hauv Cambodia nrog ntau zaus ntawm 4%, nrog rau lwm haiv neeg ntawm cov neeg Esxias sab hnub tuaj uas muaj zaus tsawg heev. Tus ntxhais ceg C3e (P53.1) pom muaj tsawg zaus hauv Mongols, Evenks, Uighurs, Han neeg, thiab lwm yam.

Kev sib kis ntawm O3 txiv neej kab yog nyob rau hauv nws lub ncov nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj, qhov twg nws muaj nyob rau ntawm ntau haiv neeg. Piv txwv li, ntawm Dulungs los ntawm Yunnan xeev, qhov zaus ntawm O3 nce mus txog 100%, ntawm Achan, Bai thiab Yao, nws yog li 70-80%, thiab ntawm cov neeg Zoo thiab Shui, txog 70%. Cov neeg Han los ntawm ntau lub xeev (50-60%), wa, hma, miao, lahuo - txog 50%. Feem ntau, qhov zaus ntawm O3 nyob rau hauv ntau haiv neeg ntawm Tuam Tshoj yog tsawg kawg yog 20-30%. Nyob rau sab hnub tuaj Asia hauv Sumatra (55%), Taiwan (50%), Nyab Laj (40%), ntawm cov kob. Borneo (36%), Philippines (35%), Malaysia (34%), Tibet (20-30%), Micronesia (15-18%), Cambodia (14%), ntawm txog. Bali (7%). Hauv Nyij Pooj, haplogroup O3 tshwm sim nrog ntau zaus txog li 17%, hauv Mongolia (16%), hauv Kaus Lim Kauslim nrog ntau zaus txog 35. Source

Yog li, txawm tias cov noob caj noob ces ntawm cov pej xeem ntawm qee thaj chaw qhia tias cov keeb kwm tsis qhia peb txog qhov tshwm sim tiag tiag.

Hauv kev xaus, kuv xav kom saib cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog cov ntaub ntawv no: