Ancient lub teb chaws tsis yog thaum ub. Tshaj tawm ntau pua xyoo ntawm kev dag ntxias

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Nws hloov tawm tias cov xeev thiab cov neeg, raug thawb rov qab los ntawm keeb kwm yav dhau los rau yav dhau los nyob deb, yeej muaj nyob hauv Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog, thiab cov tsiaj zoo heev, piv txwv li, unicorns, nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd tau suav tias tsis muaj qhov zoo tshaj li moose lossis qus boars.

Ancient lub xeev muaj nyob rau hauv lub Nrab Hnub nyoog

Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv qhia thaum ntxov - XII-XIII thiab txawm XV centuries, peb pom lub teb chaws xws li Achaea, Babylonia, Assyria, Amazonia, Mesopotamia, Scythia …

Tag nrho, kiag li tag nrho cov neeg sau ntawv nyob sab Europe ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd, uas yog ib qho, sau tias cov xeev zoo li lub sijhawm ntawd nyob thiab vam meej. Tau kawg, koj tuaj yeem sim piav qhia qhov tshwm sim no raws li hauv qab no: lawv hais tias cov kws sau ntawv nruab nrab tau pleev xim rau cov teb chaws niaj hnub hauv qee lub tebchaws, thiab cov neeg qub hauv lwm tus. Txawm li cas los xij, yog vim li cas rau qhov kev xaiv no?

Vim li cas ho tsis tuaj yeem piav txog lub ntiaj teb kev nom kev tswv li nws tiag tiag? Qhov no yog heev, coj txawv txawv thiab kiag li illogical. Nws yog qhov xav tau ntau dua los kos ib daim ntawv qhia nrog cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd txog lub teb chaws thiab cheeb tsam hauv ntau qhov chaw hauv ntiaj teb.

Raws li rau Amazon, nws muaj nyob rau hauv ib cheeb tsam me me ntawm daim duab qhia kev kawm txog thaum nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 15th! Ib zaug ntxiv: XV! Nws tau ib txwm muab tso rau hauv thaj tsam Volga qis, thiab lub npe ntawm tus dej raug ntaus nqi ib sab ntawm nws: "Itil". Ib tug pov thawj Catholic nto moo tau sau xyoo 1601 tias Amazons yog qhov tseeb cov poj niam ntawm Slavic (uas yog, Scythian lossis Sarmatian) cov tub rog uas tuag hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua. Cov poj ntsuam tu siab txawm muab txhais tes los pauj lawv tej txiv.

Thiab tam sim no cov lus nug: Scythia ua dab tsi ntawm daim duab qhia hnub nyoog nruab nrab mus txog rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua 15th? Tom qab tag nrho, peb tau hais tias cov Scythians nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm - nyob deb ancient sij hawm!

Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv qhia txog thaum pib mus rau nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 15th, peb saib tias cov huab tais ntawm Genghis Khan xeem (piv txwv li, Usbek Khan) kav lub teb chaws … yog li ntawd lawv kav lub teb chaws twg? Nws hloov tawm tias Scythia? Tib chij flutter hla lub nroog ntawm East Asia mus rau lub Volga, Rostov … Thiab yog hais tias qhov no yog Moscow, ces nyob rau hauv lub XIV xyoo pua nws yog ib feem ntawm lub loj loj lub xeev. Thiab kuj yog ib cheeb tsam ntawm qhov chaw ntawm niaj hnub Moldova.

Thiab los ntawm txoj kev … lub cim no, uas tam sim no hu ua "Khazar tamga", lub Ukrainian "falcon", pom nyob rau hauv archaeological pom - nws tsis yog tib lub cim los ntawm tus chij ntawm Scythia? Tom qab tag nrho, Kumania, uas yog, niaj hnub Ukraine, nyob rau hauv txoj cai ntawm lub Chingizids. Nws yuav lom zem yog tias nws hloov tawm tias tau ntau pua xyoo peb tau muab "kos npe ntawm Rurik" upside down.

Troy! Vim li cas nws thiaj li kos rau ntawm daim duab qhia txog thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th? Tsis yog ntawm ib lossis ob daim npav, tab sis ntawm txhua tus ntawm lawv tib lub sijhawm!

Nws yog qhov xav paub tias ntev heev, txog rau thaum kawg ntawm Nrab Hnub nyoog, cov kws kos duab kos npe rau Fabkis nrog Gaul. Tab sis cov no tseem yog paj. Vim li cas peb thiaj pom tej lub xeev qub xws li Mesopotamia, Babylonia, Assyria, Judea, Media, lossis Aria, Bactrian, Sogdiana?

Piv txwv li, Colchis nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm lub Caucasus Toj siab nyob rau hauv daim ntawv qhia ntawm Fra Mauro ntawm 1448 - 53 … Nyob rau hauv thawj los yog thib ob centuries ntawm peb era, nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub Colchis lub nceeg vaj, lub Laz lub nceeg vaj sawv. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 9th, lub nceeg vaj Abkhazian muaj nyob ntawm no nrog nws cov peev hauv Kutaisi … Yog li vim li cas peb thiaj li tsis pom ib yam li ntawd hauv daim duab qhia txawm tias 6 centuries tom qab cov kev hloov no?

Mesopotamia … lub npe ntawm cov keeb kwm Greek thaum ub. Raws li lub official version, rov qab rau hauv lub xyoo pua 7th, cov Arabs kov yeej Mesopotamia, thiab ib feem ntawm nws tau renamed "Iraq", nyob ze ntawm Iraq tau txais cov npe tshiab.

Ancient cim thiab nroog tsis yog thaum ub

Peb kuj pom nyob rau hauv cov nplooj ntawv ntawm cov qub phau ntawv sau thiab cov cim ntawm antiquity nyob rau hauv cov duab ntawm lub Nrab Hnub nyoog. Ntsib cov legendary Claudius Ptolemy.

Qhov no yog li cas Avicenna tau pleev xim rau hauv lub xyoo pua 15th.

Ntawm no yog Mark Ovrely, uas tau liam tias nyob hauv lub xyoo pua ob AD.

Thiab qhov no yog Archimedes … Trojan King Priam.

Qhov no yog li cas Priam tus poj niam Hecuba zoo li pom los ntawm Europeans nyob rau hauv lub 15th - 16th centuries …

Los yog saib cov ntawv sau no … Los ntawm txhua qhov kev qhia, qhov no yog ib daim qauv ntawm kev ua haujlwm los ntawm tus cwj mem ntawm qee tus kws sau paj huam medieval.

Peb pom cov kaus mom poob ntawm qhov pib ntawm tshooj … Cov ntawv hauv Latin, hauv cov npoo, cov ntawv hloov kho thiab ntxiv rau cov ntawv tseem ceeb, kos duab ntawm cov cim tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm, uas tau piav qhia los ntawm cov tub rog hauv armor, lossis poj niam nrog cov hau npog thiab hauv cov khaub ncaws dav. Thiab txawm tias kos npe ntawm daim ntawv no, digitized los ntawm National Library ntawm Fabkis, hais tias nws hnub tim ntawm XIII-XIV centuries. Ntawd yog, lub sijhawm ntawm Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog. Koj puas paub tias daim ntawv no yog dab tsi? "Metamarphoses" ntawm Ovid, los yog lub Publius ntawm Ovidius Nazon. Rau kev siv, qhov no yog ib tug kws sau paj lug Roman thaum ub. Yug hauv 43 BC B. C., tuag A. D. 17 lossis AD. e. Ib zaug ntxiv, raws li official version ntawm zaj dab neeg.

Thiab cov no yog cov hauj lwm ntawm Horace, los yog Quintus Horace Flaccus, ntawm tib lub sij hawm. Thiab dua, ntau fixes thiab insertions. Thiab dua ib daim ntawv medieval hnub tim XIII-XIV centuries.

Thiab ua li cas txog lub nroog qub? Lawv ua li cas thiaj li txhim kho lawv cov keeb kwm ntau tshaj ib txhiab xyoo nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd? Qhov no yog Rome xyoo 1575, raws li George Brown … Tab sis qhov no me me nook, zoo li warehouses … qhov no yog lub Vatican! Lub hauv paus ntawm lub hwj chim ntawm lub Koom Txoos Catholic thiab lub zwm txwv ntawm Pope.

Rome ntaus npaum li cas thaum ntawd? Muaj pes tsawg?! Hnub pib ntawm Rome yog lub Plaub Hlis 13, 753 BC. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 16th, Rome muaj 2341 xyoo! Tib tus sau convinces peb tias nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm lub nroog saib ib yam dab tsi zoo li no …

Thiab qhov no yog Yeluxalees los ntawm tib lub sau ntawm lub nroog npaj. Tiamsis Yeluxalees tsis yog hluas dua Rome. Lub nroog Middle Eastern hauv xyoo pua 16th tsis txawv ntawm Paris thiab London loj. Thiab qhov no txawm tias ntau tshaj ib thiab ib nrab txhiab xyoo keeb kwm!

Txawm li cas los xij, Georg Braun tsis yog tub nkeeg dhau los kos lub phiaj xwm ntawm Yeluxalees thaum ub. Thiab txhua yam zoo li yuav zoo … Tab sis yuav ua li cas ib tug yuav piav qhia qhov tseeb hais tias ob-headed eagles nce saum cov vaj tse ntawm ancient Roman los yog medieval architecture? Tom qab tag nrho, Yeluxalees thaum lub sij hawm ntawm Yexus Khetos yog nyob rau hauv lub Ancient Rome. Yog li qhov no yog Byzantine lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab, uas tshwm sim tsuas yog thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 4th, los yog nws yog lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab ntawm Dawb Huv Roman faj tim teb chaws, uas yog, lub Medieval xeev.

Thiab ua li cas Moscow? Tej zaum twb rebuilt los ntawm nruab nrab ntawm lub XII caug xyoo! Koj puas paub?

Tsis yog? Nws zoo li cas? Ua ntej koj yog Moscow, raws li cov Europeans pom nws nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 16th. Tsuas yog ib phab ntsa ntawm lub nroog fortress tau tsim - nws cov tub ntxhais - Kitay-Gorod. Tab sis tom qab tag nrho, ntau tshaj peb puas xyoo tau dhau mus txij li nws lub hauv paus. Peb suav lwm 300 xyoo los ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th - nco ntsoov qhov kawg ntawm 19th. Nws hlawv, dim ntau yam kev tsov kev rog, tab sis rov tsim nws tus kheej mus rau hauv lub nroog loj ntawm nws lub sijhawm. Yog li ntawd, muaj yog vim li cas rau ntseeg hais tias Moscow yog npaum li cas yau dua nws yog tam sim no ntseeg.

Tab sis xws li ib tug txawv txawv yog pom nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo rau tag nrho cov "center" thiab "laus" lub zos.

Cov kab ntawm ncab ntiaj teb keeb kwm

nyob rau hauv cov phau ntawv ntawm Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog thiab Niaj Hnub Nyoog

Nov yog ib qho pov thawj ntxiv ntawm "tsis yog-ntev" ntawm lub xeev qub. Cia peb saib cov ntaub ntawv hu ua "The Chronology of the Magna" (uas yog, "The Great Chronology"). Tus sau yog Paulinus Venetus. Txuas mus rau cov ntaub ntawv (site "Gallika"):

Hnub tsim - kwv yees li, nruab nrab ntawm XIV xyoo pua. Daim duab qhia txog keeb kwm ntawm haiv neeg los ntawm thawj cov neeg raws li Vajluskub qub mus rau niaj hnub nimno. Ntawm no peb pom tias cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm Japheth (tus tub ntawm Nau-a), raug liam tias yog cov neeg ntawm Magog thiab Gog (uas feem ntau tau pleev xim rau qee qhov hauv Siberia lossis hauv roob Altai).

Los ntawm cov neeg no, raws li cov tswv yim, cov Scythians thiab Goths tuaj. Cov Scythians nrhiav tau 4 lub nceeg vaj: Tartarorum (Tartar), Partorum (Parthian, uas yog, Parthia, Persia), Bactrianox (Bactrian, uas yog, Bactria, tam sim no qhov no yog thaj tsam ntawm Hindu Kush roob, qhov twg cov neeg tsis paub qab hau ntawm Kalasha lossis Kasivo () thiab Amazonian.

Raws li lub official version ntawm keeb kwm, thawj lub teb chaws yog medieval, thiab ob tug nyob ib sab yog ancient. Lub tom kawg - Amazonia (uas yog, lub teb chaws ntawm cov poj niam warriors) - yog tam sim no suav hais tias ib tug mythical xeev. Tab sis yog vim li cas tom qab ntawd cov sau phau ntawv XIV, XV tau paub tseeb: Amazonia yog ib yam nkaus li Parthia thiab Bactriana. Lub nceeg vaj Tartar, nyob rau hauv lem, yog subdivided rau hauv cheeb tsam (xws li cov koom pheej nyob rau hauv lub union) - qhov no yog Katai thiab ntxiv rau hauv daim ntawv teev … Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv qhia txog rau lub xyoo pua 16th, ib tug yuav saib tau tag nrho cov cheeb tsam-kingdoms qhia ntawm no.. Muab rau hauv tus account lub fact tias tus sau ntawm no chronological scheme tsis txuas ntxiv downward lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm cov neeg thiab lub xeev los ntawm lub supposedly "ncaj ncees" Bactriana, Parthia, Amazonia, nws ua tseeb hais tias lawv yog niaj hnub thaum lub sij hawm tsim cov ntaub ntawv..

Tam sim no cia peb qhia cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj ntawm "kev nkag mus ib ntus" thiab "tsis sib xws". Ua ntej koj yog lub rooj loj heev, sau los ntawm Pierre Duval. Hnub tsim - 1677. Txuas mus rau cov ntaub ntawv (site "Gallika"):

Tsuas yog lub sijhawm ntawm kev sau dua tshiab, "ntev" ntawm keeb kwm ntiaj teb. Lub chronology ntawm no yog tsim los ntawm Creation ntawm lub ntiaj teb nyob rau hauv lub Western Catholic yam. Raws li cov lus saum toj no, tam sim no yog 6018th xyoo txij thaum pib ntawm lub sij hawm, ntau precisely, txij li thaum lub sij hawm ntawm creation ntawm Adas los ntawm Vajtswv.

Nyob rau xyoo 1700, uas yog, nyob rau hauv XIII xyoo pua BC (raws li lub rooj), Nau-es cov tub nqis los rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, thiab lub ntiaj teb no faib rau lawv. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua XXI BC, lub nceeg vaj ntawm Bactrians tshwm. Colchis tau hais los saum toj no tshwm sim hauv XIIIth (dua ua ntej yug ntawm Tswv Yexus). Kev ua tib zoo kawm ntawm cov xwm txheej tau piav qhia tuaj yeem qhia qhov tsis sib xws hauv lawv qhov kev sib tham hauv kev sib piv nrog cov kev xav ntawm kev tshawb fawb keeb kwm niaj hnub no. Piv txwv li, kev tsim ntawm Sparta, raws li lub rooj, tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th BC. Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab historians ncua qhov xwm txheej no mus rau XI xyoo pua. Lub rooj kuj hais tias kev kav ntawm Archons nyob rau hauv Athens thiab lub xyoo ntawm Homer, Xalaumoo thiab David poob rau lub xyoo pua 11th BC. Txawm hais tias qhov tseeb, Homer nyob hauv lub xyoo pua 8 BC, thiab Archons muaj lub zog siab tshaj plaws - los ntawm 11th mus rau 9th. Thiab xws li ib tug bacchanalia nyob rau hauv kev sib tam ntawm cov xwm txheej tsuas yog los ntawm lub xyoo pua 2nd BC.

Tab sis qhov no yog deb ntawm tag nrho cov oddities ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th European keeb kwm xav. Tsis tas li ntawd, xws li qhov tshwm sim xws li "hnub tsis muaj hnub nyoog" tuaj yeem taug qab. Npua rau cov xwm txheej. Txawm hais tias qee qhov "kev tsis sib haum xeeb" nyob rau hauv cov hnub siv rau xyoo pua thib ob AD, uas yog xyaum tsis muaj dab tsi. Yuav ua li cas, yuav luag ib puas xyoo, tsis muaj dab tsi tshwm sim nyob rau hauv tag nrho lub ntiaj teb no? Lub xyoo pua 3 AD kuj xyaum tas li. Nws hloov tawm hais tias yuav luag tag nrho lub ntiaj teb no khov rau ob puas xyoo … Ze rau lub XIII-XIV centuries, cov seem ntawm lub rooj yog noticeably puv nrog cov xwm txheej …

Qhov tseeb, tsis muaj dab tsi xav tsis thoob … Ua ntej peb yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm Chronology. Cov lus no qhia meej meej tias lub sijhawm ntawm lub ntiaj teb keeb kwm tau nthuav tawm, tab sis cov xwm txheej thiab cov cim tseem tsis tau muab faib ua cov npe tshiab. Yog li ntawd, datings yog leaping, ntau centuries yog khoob rau cov xwm txheej. Ib me ntsis tom qab, nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 18th, cov hnub nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no keeb kwm yuav tsum tsis txhob dhia los ntawm ib puas xyoo mus rau ib puas xyoo, thiab cov centuries khoob tau muaj cov xwm txheej thiab cov cim rau xws li ib tug npaum li cas uas lawv tsis mus arousing suspicion.

Qhov xaus uas qhia nws tus kheej yog dab tsi? Nws hloov tawm: qhov no loj, colossal dag, gigantic kev dag ntxias uas keeb kwm ntawm lub ntiaj teb paub rau peb ncav cuag ntau txhiab xyoo mus rau qhov tob ntawm ntau pua xyoo. Qhov tseeb, keeb kwm muaj los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sau tau luv dua. Tej zaum Tswv Yexus yug los (yog tias nws tsis yog neeg cuav) tsuas yog 800-900 xyoo dhau los, thiab peb txhob txwm dag los ntawm cov neeg uas yog keeb kwm ntawm Abrahamic kev ntseeg? Txawm li cas los xij, koj yuav tsum khawb ntxiv.