Architectural kev xav ntawm lub ntiaj teb ancient

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Feem ntau ntawm cov chaw keeb kwm ntawm peb lub ntiaj teb raug kaw los ntawm ntau lab tus neeg ncig tebchaws txhua xyoo. Txawm li cas los xij, ib sab ntawm txoj kev taug kev zoo, muaj cov monuments qub uas tsim nyog rau qhov ze tshaj plaws.

Cov kev xav ntawm architecture uas peb tau txais los ntawm cov qub txeeg qub tes tsis yog, ntawm chav kawm, txwv rau cov npe ntawm cov khoom ntawm cov neeg mus ncig ua si loj xws li Petra, Angkor Wat thiab Colosseum.

Txhawm rau kawm paub ntau ntxiv txog monuments uas dag tawm ntawm qhov raug ntaus, peb tig mus rau Quora, qhov online Q&A platform, uas cov neeg siv sib pauv tswv yim txog lawv qhov chaw nyiam.

Dab tsi tau suav nrog hauv lawv daim ntawv teev npe? Ntawm no, piv txwv li, yog qee qhov chaw saum toj kawg nkaus: cov archipelago ntawm Nan Madol hauv Micronesia; lub qhov tsua lub nroog Derinkuyu hauv Turkish Cappadocia; Loj Phoenician megalith nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm niaj hnub Lebanon.

Derinkuyu, Qaib ntxhw

Nyob ze ntawm lub nroog Turkish ntawm Derinkuyu, 750 mais ntawm Istanbul, hauv Cappadocian xeev Nevsehir, lwm lub nroog nrog tib lub npe nyob hauv av. Lub underground Derinkuyu yog ib tug txheej txheem ntawm tes tsim lub qhov tsua - qhov loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no.

Qhov xav tsis thoob ntawm Anatolia thaum ub, hauv av Derinkuyu, yog qhov loj txaus kom haum rau 20 txhiab tus neeg nyob.

Lub nroog qhov tsua no muaj cov txheej txheem tsim kho hauv nroog loj, suav nrog cov tsev kawm ntawv, chaw ruaj khov, thiab tsev thov Vajtswv. Txawm li cas los xij, tag nrho nws cov qauv tsis ncab nce mus rau hauv av, tab sis tau muab zais hauv av ntawm qhov tob ntawm 60-85 meters, hollowed tawm hauv pob zeb volcanic mos.

Lub underground complex tau tsim nyob nruab nrab ntawm 7th thiab 8th centuries BC los tiv thaiv cov neeg hauv zos los ntawm raids ntawm marauding nomads.

Raws li txoj kev npaj, nws yuav tsum muab cov neeg nyob hauv lub nroog sab saud nrog qhov chaw nkaum ib ntus, tab sis cov txheej txheem ntawm no tau tsim kho heev thiab suav nrog, ntawm lwm yam, 600 lub qhov rooj hauv av ua rau sab hauv, 15 txhiab qhov cua shafts, ntau yam cawv. cellars, raws li zoo raws li ib tug complex network ntawm passages, tunnels thiab corridors …

Lower Derinkuyu "tau loj txaus kom haum rau 20,000 tus neeg, nrog rau cov tsiaj nyeg thiab zaub mov," sau Trishla Prasad.

Rau nws lub hnub nyoog, lub qhov tsua lub nroog yog zoo kawg nkaus khaws cia; Niaj hnub no nws tuaj yeem siv tau rau kev mus xyuas thiab suav nrog ntau qhov kev pab cuam ncig tebchaws.

Cov neeg taug kev npaj mus xyuas qhov kev nyiam no, txawm li cas los xij, yuav tsum tau ceeb toom tias thaum lub sijhawm taug kev lawv yuav tsum tau kov yeej ntau cov kauj ruam.

Nan Madol, Micronesia

Lub nroog tsis meej no tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1200 ntawm ib lub archipelago ntawm basalt Islands tuaj txuas nrog lub network ntawm kwj dej.

Ntau txhiab mais ntawm dej hiav txwv cais lub nroog ntab ntawm Nan Madol hauv Micronesia los ntawm lub xeev ze tshaj plaws

Nws tseem yog qhov chaw me me uas paub txog, uas tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob vim nws qhov chaw nyob - nyob nruab nrab ntawm Dej Hiav Txwv Pacific, ntau dua 3600 km sab hnub tuaj ntawm Philippines.

"[Nan Madol] pom tau tias yog qhov chaw nyob rau cov neeg tseem ceeb [Micronesian]; txhua lub koog pov txwv no ua tiav qee qhov haujlwm tshwj xeeb (piv txwv li, tsim cov nkoj, npaj zaub mov, saib xyuas cov neeg mob) thiab tej zaum yuav npog nrog cov nplooj ntoo ntawm xibtes. thiab ntoo, "hais tias Terry Neumann, uas tau mus xyuas ob zaug ntawm tus txiv neej ua archipelago.

"Nws tuaj yeem suav hais tias yog qhov tsis zoo, keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm Angkor Wat, overgrown nrog hav zoov hav zoov. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tshuab koj lub ru tsev tawm ntawm qhov tsis zoo," Neumann ntseeg hauv qhov pom ".

Baalbek, Lebanon

Nyob rau hauv Bekaa Valley, nyob rau sab hnub tuaj Lebanon, lub nroog qub txeeg qub teg ntawm Baalbek tau nyob txog 9 txhiab xyoo dhau los thiab tom qab ntawd nyiam cov neeg sawv cev ntawm ntau haiv neeg qub qub, suav nrog Phoenicians, Greeks thiab Loos.

Tuam tsev ntawm Bacchus - lub tsev monumental nyob rau hauv lub ancient nroog ntawm Baalbek nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm niaj hnub Lebanon

Nws yog lub npe hu ua ib tug complex ntawm loj loj kev cai dab qhuas vaj tse mob siab rau lub ancient vajtswv - Bacchus, Venus thiab Jupiter.

"Lub Tuam Tsev ntawm Bacchus ib leeg yog loj dua Greek Parthenon," hais lus Quora tus neeg siv Ella Rayyan. "Thiab lub Tuam Tsev uas nyob ib sab ntawm Jupiter tsuas muaj tsib ntawm 54 Corinthian kab khaws cia, tab sis lawv cov monumentality yog amazing - txhua 22 meters siab thiab ob meters. nyob rau hauv girth; lawv hais tias lawv yog cov kab loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no."

Peb lub slabs nyob rau hauv lub masonry terrace uas lub Tuam Tsev ntawm Jupiter sawv yog lub npe hu ua trilithon thiab sawv cev rau lub tsev loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub neej.

Nws tseem tsis tau paub meej tias qhov trilithon no tuaj ntawm no li cas; Raws li ib tug version, nws tau xa mus siv ib tug ancient Roman crane (ib tug ntaus ntawv uas muaj ib tug lever, ib tug lifting block thiab ib tug hlua).

Newgrange, County Meath, Ireland

Qhov loj, puag ncig lub dome ntawm Newgrange sawv zoo li cov nyom UFO hla thaj chaw emerald ntawm County Meath, Ireland.

Lub dome loj no tau tsim dua 5 txhiab xyoo dhau los.

Cov qauv no tau tshwm sim ntau dua 5 txhiab xyoo dhau los, hauv 3200 BC, hauv Neolithic era. Nws yog ib feem ntawm Irish lus dab neeg thiab suav hais tias yog ib qho piv txwv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm megalithic architecture hauv Europe.

Cov qauv megalithic, tau sau rau hauv UNESCO World Heritage List, yog qhov loj 12-meter mound overgrown nrog nyom nyob rau sab saum toj, puv nrog alternating txheej ntawm lub ntiaj teb thiab pob zeb ntawm thaj tsam ntawm 4,500 square meters.

Nws yog ib puag ncig los ntawm ib kab ntawm curbstones ntsib nrog dawb quartz, ntsia twb nyob rau hauv lub restoration nyob rau hauv lub 70s ntawm lub xyoo pua XX.

Nyob rau hauv, ib chav suites stretches rau 19 meters, culminating nyob rau hauv peb chav me me uas ntseeg tau tias tau ua hauj lwm raws li faus chamber.

Qhov zais cia tom qab cov qauv no yog tias nws ua haujlwm zoo li qhov tseeb chronograph, tus neeg siv El Land sau hauv kev tawm tswv yim.

Newgrange yog geometrically aligned rau hnub sawv, thiab nws cov chav yog da dej nyob rau hauv tshav ntuj thaum lub sij hawm Northern Hemisphere Lub caij ntuj no Solstice (Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 21).

"Raws li lub hnub sawv, lub hnub tsim ib qho amazing ua si ntawm lub teeb nyob rau hauv lub chav tsev," hais tias Land. "Muaj tseeb nws yog lub hom phiaj ntawm cov builders ua kev zoo siab rau pib ntawm lub xyoo tshiab [los ntawm ntuj illumination]."

Ellora thiab Ajanta qhov tsua tuam tsev, Maharashtra xeev, Is Nrias teb

Lub complex ntawm lub qhov tsua tuam tsev nyob rau hauv Ellora, nyob 30 km qaum teb hnub poob ntawm Indian lub nroog ntawm Aurangabad, yog suav hais tias yog lub pinnacle ntawm lub qhov tsua architecture nyob rau hauv Is Nrias teb.

Lub tuam tsev Kailasanatha nyob rau hauv lub qhov tsua Ellora yog carved los ntawm ancient craftsmen los ntawm ib tug pob zeb monolith.

Peb caug-plaub lub qhov tsua tau muab tso rau hauv pob zeb kawg ntawm Charanandri Hill ntawm 6th thiab 9th centuries.

Cov tuam tsev lub qhov tsua no tshwj xeeb tshaj yog khoom plig rau lawv cov duab qub qub thiab cov duab puab, suav tias yog cov txuj ci ntawm kev ua koob tsheej uas tau ua rau classical Indian kos duab.

Archaeological Administration ntawm Is Nrias teb (ib lub tuam tsev ntawm Ministry of Culture) hu lawv "qhov zoo tshaj plaws muaj sia nyob piv txwv ntawm Indian kos duab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog pleev xim."

Lub complex ntawm lub qhov tsua tuam tsev hauv Ellora suav nrog lub tuam tsev Kailasanatha, kos tawm ntawm lub pob zeb monolith.

"Nws qhov ntsuas thiab kev zoo nkauj ntawm vaj tse yuav ua rau txhua tus neeg nyiam," sau ntawv Hamid Shah.

Tus kws sau keeb kwm Askiv William Dalrymple tau hu lub qhov tsua cov tuam tsev ntawm Ajanta ua ib qho kev xav zoo ntawm lub ntiaj teb thaum ub.

Txog ib puas kilometers mus rau sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj yog lub qhov tsua Ajanta complex, lub npe hu ua ib qho kev xav zoo ntawm lub ntiaj teb thaum ub los ntawm British historian William Dalrymple.

Lub qhov tsua zoo nkauj uas tus txiv neej tsim tau raug muab tso rau hauv pob zeb ntawm 2nd thiab 7th centuries, nrog rau lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tsim cov tuam tsev, thaj neeb, cov tsev teev ntuj thiab cov tsev so hauv.

"Feem ntau ntawm cov phab ntsa paintings nyob rau hauv lub qhov tsua tau poob los ntawm cov laus laus thiab los ntawm carelessness, tab sis koj muaj peev xwm tau txais ib lub tswv yim ntawm lawv yav tas los lub yeeb koob los ntawm cov qauv uas tau ciaj sia," Shah sau tseg. "Txawm yog 1,500 xyoo, lawv txoj kev zoo nkauj. tsis tau ploj.”…

Ib tug masterpiece ntawm kev kos duab - ib tug stupa ntawm lub Ajanta qhov tsua complex nyob rau hauv Indian lub xeev ntawm Maharashtra