Xav paub qhov tseeb txog Djoser pyramid

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Djoser lub pyramid sawv cev rau kev dhia mus tom ntej hauv keeb kwm ntawm architecture thiab engineering. Entangled los ntawm pua pua ntawm labyrinthine nqe lus thiab cov qauv ua tau ntau txhiab xyoo dhau los, qhov no prehistoric monument tsuas yog ib xyoos dhau los ib zaug rov qhib nws "caj npab" rau cov neeg tuaj ncig thoob ntiaj teb.

Kaum qhov tseeb hauv qab no qhia txog cov ntsiab lus nthuav dav txog cov qauv tseem ceeb no, nws keeb kwm thiab kev kho dua tshiab tsis ntev los no.

Thawj pob zeb pyramid

Lub Great Pyramid ntawm Giza yog kab tias feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv Egyptian postcards, tab sis nws yog lub Pyramid ntawm Djoser uas yog thawj ntawm nws hom puas tau tsim. Cov neeg Iyiv thaum ub muaj kev ntseeg ruaj khov txog lub neej tom qab, faus lawv cov thawj coj nrog rau lawv cov khoom (thiab qee zaum txawm tias lawv cov qhev) kom lawv tsis muaj dab tsi hauv lub neej tom qab. Txawm li cas los xij, ua ntej lub pyramid ntawm Djoser, cov pharaohs feem ntau tau faus rau hauv lub qhov ntxa uas ua los ntawm av nplaum slabs hu ua mastabas (lus benches).

Ntawm qee qhov taw tes ntawm 2667 thiab 2648 BC. e. Cov kauj ruam no tau tsim tsa rau Pharaoh Djoser, teeb tsa cov qauv tshiab rau lub ntees tuag ntawm tus kav Iyiv. Nws tseem nyob niaj hnub no, tshaj li plaub txhiab xyoo tom qab, ua rau nws yog lub tsev pob zeb qub tshaj plaws hauv keeb kwm.

Imhotep

Kev txiav txim siab los tsim cov qauv zoo tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb tau pom, Imhotep tau tsim kho qhov tsim ntawm qhov ntxa uas twb muaj lawm. Siv tib lub mastabas uas tau muaj nyob rau ntau pua xyoo, nws coj txoj hauv kev tshiab, muab lawv tso rau saum ib leeg los tsim lub iconic Kauj Ruam Pyramid.

Tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv sau tseg txog kev tsim kho ntawm Djoser pyramid, tab sis cov kws sau keeb kwm xav tias tej zaum nws yuav siv sijhawm ntau xyoo los ua kom tiav, nrog rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm ntau pua tus neeg ua haujlwm. Vaj Ntxwv tau zoo siab heev los ntawm kev tsim kho uas muaj hwj chim loj ntawm Imhotep uas nws tsis txawj tuag tus kws kos duab los ntawm kos nws lub npe nyob ib sab ntawm nws tus kheej ntawm lub pedestal hauv Egyptian pyramid.

Hom phiaj

Lub pyramid tau tsim rau Pharaoh Djoser. Nws yog ib tug ntawm cov thawj coj ntawm peb lub dynasty ntawm Egypt. Txawm hais tias nws yog vajntxwv kav txog ob xyoo lawm, tsis paub txog nws txoj kev kav. Thaum lub sij hawm lub xyoo ntawm nws reign, loj dua thiab ruaj monuments pib tsim nyob rau hauv lub nceeg vaj, feem ntau nyob rau hauv kev saib xyuas ntawm Imhotep. Nyob rau ntawm ib tug engraving ntawm lub xyoo pua 4th BC. e. Nws tau sau tseg tias Falau Djoser tau cawm Iyiv los ntawm kev tshaib kev nqhis los ntawm kev rov kho lub tuam tsev rau tus vaj tswv Khnum, uas tau ntseeg tias yog tswj hwm ntawm Nile.

Tom qab nws tuag, Djoser's sarcophagus tau muab tso rau hauv lub faus chamber sib sib zog nqus hauv cov kauj ruam zoo pyramid. Txog li plaub caug txhiab pob zeb tau pom nyob ib sab ntawm nws qhov seem. Cov nkoj no dais lub npe ntawm cov vaj ntxwv ntawm Thawj thiab Thib Ob Dynasties, thiab lawv tseem ua rau muaj kev paub tsis meej rau cov kws tshawb fawb niaj hnub no. Qee qhov xav tias lawv tau tsim los sawv cev rau kev kav ntawm Djoser raws li qhov kawg ntawm Egyptian keeb kwm.

Scale thiab symbology

Lub pyramid ntawm Djoser ncav cuag rau caum-ob meters nyob rau hauv qhov siab, thiab nyob rau hauv nws qhov chaw yog ib tug loj faus ncej nees nkaum yim meters tob thiab xya meters dav. Nws yog undoubtedly lub siab tshaj plaws qauv ntawm nws lub sij hawm thiab ntxiv rau lwm yam ob-dimensional toj roob hauv pes.

Lub pyramid tsis yog tsuas yog ib qho qauv tshwj xeeb xwb, tab sis kuj tau nrog los ntawm qhov chaw dav dav uas suav nrog thaj chaw, thaj chaw thaj chaw, cov tuam tsev thiab lub tsev rau cov pov thawj. Lub cheeb tsam plaub caug hectares yog surrounded los ntawm ib tug loj phab ntsa tshaj kaum meters siab, muaj kaum peb lub qhov rooj cuav thiab tsuas yog ib tug tiag tiag nkag. Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob ntshai cov neeg tuaj saib tsis xav tau ntxiv, ib qho plaub caug-meter dav trench tau khawb ib ncig ntawm phab ntsa sab nrauv. Tsuas yog ob peb tus muaj cai nrog daim ntawv tso cai tuaj yeem nkag mus rau qhov tsis txawv txav monument.

Lub pyramid nws tus kheej yog tsim los ntawm 6 txheej loj ntawm mastabas, uas maj mam txo thaum lawv mus txog rau sab saum toj. Qhov kev tsim no qhia txog Djoser txoj kev nce mus rau qib ntawm Vajtswv. Kev kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv kuj qhia txog qhov zoo thiab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm vaj ntxwv. Ntau lub phab ntsa sab hauv yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov duab zoo nkauj thiab nthuav dav, thiab cov phab ntsa ntawm lub faus chamber tau npog nrog cov vuas muaj nuj nqis xiav glazed, ntau yam tam sim no nyob hauv New York Metropolitan Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Art thiab British Tsev khaws puav pheej hauv London.

Qhov chaw

Txoj kev vam meej ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th coj mus rau qhov tseeb tias tim lyiv teb chaws pib nyiam cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi los ntawm thoob plaws lub Mediterranean. Qhov tseeb, nws ntseeg tau tias niaj hnub Egyptology tau pib nrog kev cuam tshuam ntawm Egypt los ntawm Napoleon Bonaparte thaum xyoo 1700s.

Sawv los ntawm cov suab puam suab puam, Pyramid ntawm Djoser nyiam cov neeg tshawb nrhiav, cov neeg tuaj ncig xyuas thiab tub sab, thiab tus thawj coj Fabkis txoj lus dab neeg tau nyob hauv lawv. Ua ke nrog nws cov tub rog, Napoleon tau mus nrog ib pab pawg kws tshawb fawb uas tau kawm thiab sau tseg cov seem ntawm Egyptian kab lis kev cai, lawv qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nrhiav tau yog Rosetta Pob Zeb. Los ntawm kev tsim kom muaj ib tug neeg Iyiv mus tas li tis ntawm lub Louvre, Napoleon pib cov teb chaws Europe fascination nrog lub ntiaj teb ancient Egyptian.

Nyob rau xyoo tom ntej no, lub pyramid ntawm Djoser yuav dhau los ua lub cim ntawm qhov kev txaus siab no, thiab suav tsis txheeb cov kws tshawb fawb thiab cov kws kos duab yuav tuaj xyuas Saqqara los sau cov seem. Nyob rau xyoo 1920, ib pab neeg ntawm Askiv thiab Fabkis Egyptologists tau tsim thawj qhov project los tshawb txog qhov chaw, nthuav tawm qhov nyuaj ntawm cov pyramid complex thiab nthuav tawm nws cov keeb kwm tseem ceeb raws li thawj zaug ntawm Egyptian pyramids.

Movies, ua si

Lub Pyramid ntawm Djoser tau rov tshwm sim hauv cov kab lis kev cai nrov tshaj li ib txhiab xyoo txij li nws tsim. Thaum lub sij hawm classical, muaj cov dab neeg hais txog tus kheej legendary ntawm Djoser thiab Imhotep. Lub papyrus los ntawm Roman lub sij hawm qhia txog ib tug series ntawm zaj dab neeg taug txuj kev nyuaj los ntawm lub neej ntawm ib tug kws kes duab vajtse, thaum lwm tus piav nws raws li ib tug xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm cov vajtswv. Cov dab neeg zoo li no tam sim no Imhotep yog ib tug kws txawj ua khawv koob uas muaj zog uas nws kev tsim kho ntawm cov kauj ruam zoo ntawm lub pyramid yog ib qho txuj ci tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua khawv koob.

Ntau centuries tom qab, qhov tshwm sim loj ncig saib tshwm sim. Qhov no yog thaum cov tub ntxhais hluas cov neeg tseem ceeb tau siv sijhawm ib xyoos tom qab ua tiav kev kawm tiav mus xyuas cov chaw ua yeeb yam, kev txawj ntse thiab cov cuab yeej cuab tam architectural. Thaum cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws no pib taug kev los ntawm cov chaw qub txeeg qub teg ntawm North Africa hauv 18th thiab 19th centuries, lub Pyramid ntawm Djoser yog ib qho tseem ceeb attraction. Yog li ntawd, muaj ntau paintings, paintings thiab engravings los ntawm lub sij hawm no depicting lub monument zoo kawg li.

Niaj hnub no, lub pyramid ntawm Djoser tseem nkag mus rau qhov kev xav nrov, ua haujlwm rau cov phau ntawv thiab paj huam luam tawm nyob rau xyoo pua nees nkaum. Tus kws sau paj huam Asmeskas Charles Olson siv nws ua lub cim ntawm kev tuag.

Nws tseem yog qhov tshwj xeeb hauv kev ua yeeb yaj kiab Assassin's Creed: Keeb Kwm, qhov chaw uas cov neeg ua si yuav tsum nkag mus rau nws cov kab lus labyrinthine kom pom cov ntsiav tshuaj qub qub. Nws yog noteworthy tias qhov depiction ntawm Egyptian pyramid nyob rau hauv qhov kev ua si yog ua tau ntau npaum li cas ntxaws thiab meej tshaj ntau archaeological reconstructions.

Kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub pyramid

Ntau txhiab xyoo dhau los, lub pyramid ntawm Djoser maj mam poob, raug kev txom nyem los ntawm cov cua daj cua dub hnyav, marauders thiab kev tsis saib xyuas. Xyoo 1992, av qeeg ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj ntxiv rau cov qauv sab hauv. Txawm hais tias muaj teeb meem no, cov hauv paus muaj zog tau khaws cia hauv Egyptian pyramid, tab sis xyoo 2006 nws tau ntseeg tias nws muaj kev phom sij ntawm kev tawg.

Cov tsev nyob hauv ib puag ncig complex tau nyob rau hauv qhov mob hnyav dua, tej zaum vim yog qhov tsis zoo ntawm engineering hauv lawv qhov tsim. Niaj hnub archaeologists tau sau tseg tias cov kab nyob rau ntawm ob sab ntawm lub tsev yeej txuas nrog cov phab ntsa, tsis yog ua raws li kev txhawb nqa. Qhov no txhais tau tias lawv siv me me los tiv thaiv lub ru tsev ntawm kev sib tsoo. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, tsoomfwv Iyiv tau cog lus tias yuav pab txhawb kev kho dua tshiab ntawm Djoser pyramid thiab cov chaw nyob ib puag ncig kom khaws cia qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub tebchaws keeb kwm.

Kev tsim kho dua tshiab

Txoj haujlwm los kho Djoser pyramid rau nws lub koob meej yav dhau los tau siv sijhawm kaum plaub xyoos thiab ua tsis tau ntau zaus. Xyoo 2011, kev tsis sib haum xeeb hauv tebchaws Iyiv tau tshwm sim tom qab muaj kev tawm tsam nrov ua rau tus thawj tswj hwm raug tshem tawm. Tom qab ntawd, kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub pyramid raug ncua thiab tsis rov pib dua kom txog thaum kawg ntawm 2013.

Kev kho dua tshiab tau ntsib kev tshuaj xyuas ntxiv thaum Pawg Thawj Saib Xyuas Kev Ncaj Ncees rau Antiquities ntawm tim lyiv teb chaws raug liam tias ntiav ib lub tuam txhab uas tsis muaj kev paub txog cov monuments thaum ub. Qee cov kws tshaj lij txawm hais tias qhov kev kho dua tshiab tau ua rau muaj kev ncaj ncees ntawm Egyptian pyramid. Txog niaj hnub no, qee lub tsev hauv av tseem raug kev hem thawj ntawm kev tawg.

Ntiaj teb cuab yeej cuab tam

Iyiv cov tub ceev xwm xav tias yuav no nyiam loj loj tus xov tooj ntawm tourists, uas yog tam sim no tso cai rau nkag mus rau lub tuab network ntawm nqe vaj lug kub thiab txawm mus saib lub puab burial chamber qhov twg lub legendary vaj ntxwv twb faus. Kev kho kom zoo dua qub los khaws lub Pyramid ntawm Djoser tau ua kom ntseeg tau tias lub monument tau khaws cia rau ntau txhiab xyoo ua ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm lub ntiaj teb keeb kwm thiab nkag mus rau cov neeg tuaj saib xav kawm txog cov kev xav ntawm lub ntiaj teb thaum ub.