Vim li cas Egyptian obelisks tau nquag xa tawm mus rau Tebchaws Europe
Vim li cas Egyptian obelisks tau nquag xa tawm mus rau Tebchaws Europe

Video: Vim li cas Egyptian obelisks tau nquag xa tawm mus rau Tebchaws Europe

Video: Vim li cas Egyptian obelisks tau nquag xa tawm mus rau Tebchaws Europe
Video: Keeb kwm kev tshwm sim Nplej & Pob kws 10 000 xyoo 2024, Kaum ib hlis
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Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm lub reigns ntawm Augustus thiab Theodosius kuv, heev heev Iyiv obelisks raug coj mus rau cov teb chaws Europe. Cov monoliths thaum ub tau ua rau muaj kev xav ntev ntev rau yuav luag txhua tus neeg kov yeej. Tab sis nyob rau hauv ancient Rome, lawv qhov tseem ceeb yog multifaceted, thiab kuj personified imperial hwj chim.

Thaum cov neeg Loos tau hla Alexandria nyob rau hauv 30 BC, lawv tau txais kev qhuas los ntawm qhov loj tshaj ntawm Egyptian monuments. Thiab nws tus kheej tshaj tawm tus huab tais Augustus, tsis xav ob zaug, tsim nws txoj cai, tam sim ntawd appropriating lub cim zoo ntawm lub hwj chim - Egyptian obelisks.

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Obelisk, 88-89 AD e., Rome."

Thawj obelisks hauv Rome tau tsim nyob rau hauv qhov chaw tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Ib qho tau muab tso rau hauv Augustus Solarium hauv lub nroog Mars. Nws tau ua tus gnomon ntawm lub hnub ci loj heev. Nyob ib ncig ntawm nws lub hauv paus, cov cim kos npe tau teeb tsa, qhia txog lub hli ntawm lub xyoo. Thiab nws tau positioned kom nws tus duab ntxoov ntxoo yuav ci ntsa iab Augustus lub hnub yug, lub caij nplooj zeeg equinox.

Qhov no txhais tau hais tias Augustus, ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm lub tebchaws Roman tshiab, tau tsim ntau txhiab xyoo ntawm Egyptian keeb kwm. Txhua tus qhua uas saib obelisk hauv lub nroog Mars tau nkag siab tias cov haiv neeg tsis muaj npe nrov tau dhau los ntawm ib qho kev vam meej mus rau lwm qhov.

Lub obelisk qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo li horologist kuj tseem ceeb. Raws li Grant Parker, tus kws tshaj lij ntawm cov classics, tau sau tseg, "txoj cai los ntsuas lub sijhawm tuaj yeem yog qhov qhia txog tsoomfwv lub zog." Qhov no txhais tau hais tias lub sijhawm Roman tshiab tau pib.

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Karnak, Colossi, 1870."

Lwm obelisk, tam sim no nyob rau hauv Piazza del Popolo, yog Ameslikas tsim nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub Circus Maximus ntawm Ancient Rome. Lub chaw ntau pob no yog lub nroog thawj qhov chaw rau pej xeem kev ua si thiab kev sib tw tsheb sib tw. Rau lwm tus tau raug thauj mus rau Rome los ntawm huab tais tom qab, thiab tsib tau ua rau ntawd.

Qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov tam sim no sawv nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub Basilica ntawm St. John Lateran nyob rau hauv Rome. Qhov no yog ib qho ntawm obelisks uas Constantine lub Great xav coj tawm ntawm Egypt ua ntej nws tuag. Nws tau ua yam uas Augustus tsis kam ua rau kev ntshai ntawm kev txi: Constantine tau hais kom rhuav lub ntiaj teb siab tshaj obelisk los ntawm nws qhov chaw fij rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub tuam tsev ntawm lub hnub thiab coj mus rau Alexandria.

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Lub tuam tsev Roman complex nrog Egyptian obelisks, Jean-Claude Golvin."

Raws li cov neeg tuaj saib tau hloov pauv, lub ntsiab lus ntawm qhov khoom tau ua li cas. Ancient Rome ntawm lub xyoo pua 4th AD, sai sai Christianizing nyob rau hauv lub tsev ntawm Constantine, tsis tau saib Egyptian monuments nrog cov superstitions ntawm Caesar Augustus.

Yog hais tias Egyptian obelisks tag nrho sawv cev rau lub hwj chim thiab kev tsim nyog ntawm cov cuab yeej cuab tam los ntawm cov neeg Loos, cov lus nug tseem nyob ntawm seb lawv cov thawj tsim tsim. Pliny tus Txwj Laug hais hauv nws cov ntawv sau tseg tias qee tus vajntxwv Mesfres tau xaj thawj zaug ntawm cov monoliths hauv lub sijhawm thaum ntxov ntawm Egypt. Symbolically, nws pe hawm lub hnub vajtswv. Txawm li cas los xij, nws txoj haujlwm yog faib hnub rau hauv ob nrog nws tus duab ntxoov ntxoo.

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Erection ntawm Obelisk ntawm Constantine hauv Rome, Jean-Claude Golvin."

Tom qab ntawd cov vaj ntxwv tau tsim obelisks, tej zaum vim yog kev mob siab rau cov vajtswv thiab lub ntiaj teb ambitions hauv vaj huam sib luag. Kev nkag siab ntawm koob meej tau txuam nrog lawv. Ib feem ntawm lub koob meej no los ntawm qhov tseeb txav ntawm lub monoliths. Egyptian obelisks yeej ib txwm tau muab los ntawm ib lub pob zeb, uas ua rau lawv txoj kev thauj mus los nyuaj tshwj xeeb. Lawv tsuas yog mined nyob ib puag ncig ntawm Aswan thiab feem ntau muaj cov liab granite lossis sandstone.

Poj huab tais Hatshepsut tau tshaj tawm ob qhov tshwj xeeb loj obelisks thaum nws kav. Hauv nws tus kheej lub zog, nws tau ua qauv qhia lawv nyob hauv Nile ua ntej teeb tsa ntawm Karnak. Qhov kev xav no hais tias kev siv zog loj heev uas yuav tsum tau thauj cov neeg Iyiv obelisks qiv lawv lub siab muaj koob meej thiab xav tsis thoob kuj yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv Rome thaum ub. Tej zaum txawm yog li ntawd, txij li tam sim no lawv tau raug xa tsis yog nqis los ntawm Nile, tab sis kuj hla hiav txwv.

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Circus Maximus thaum lub sijhawm Constance II, Jean-Claude Golvin."

Kev ua haujlwm yuav tsum tau nqa lub Egyptian obelisk mus rau hauv lub nkoj dej ntawm Aswan thiab thauj mus rau lwm lub nroog Iyiv yog qhov loj heev. Tab sis qhov kev lag luam no yog ib txoj haujlwm yooj yim piv rau qhov uas cov neeg Loos tau ntsib. Obelisks yuav tsum tau qis qis, submerged, thauj los ntawm Nile hla lub Mediterranean mus rau Tiber, thiab tom qab ntawd rov nruab rau hauv qhov chaw hauv Rome - txhua yam tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj lossis ua rau pob zeb puas.

Tus kws sau keeb kwm Roman Ammianus Marcellinus piav txog cov nkoj tub rog uas tau tsim los rau txoj haujlwm no: lawv tseem tsis tau paub txog qhov loj thiab yuav tsum tau tsav los ntawm peb puas rowers txhua. Cov nkoj no tuaj txog ntawm qhov chaw nres nkoj ntawm Alexandria kom tau txais cov monoliths tom qab tau tsa lub Nile hauv cov nkoj me. Los ntawm qhov ntawd lawv hla hiav txwv.

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Cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub hnub vajtswv Ra, featuring ib tug falcon taub hau txhawb lub hnub disc."

Thaum mus txog qhov chaw nyab xeeb hauv qhov chaw nres nkoj Ostia, lwm lub nkoj tshwj xeeb tsim rau kev caij nkoj Tiber tau txais monoliths. Thiab nws tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob tias qhov xwm txheej no tau poob rau hauv kev txaus siab rau cov neeg coob coob ntawm cov neeg saib hauv lub xeev. Txawm tias tom qab ua tiav kev xa khoom thiab erection ntawm obelisks, cov nkoj uas thauj lawv tau raug kho nrog kev qhuas zoo sib xws.

Caligula muaj ib lub nkoj uas tau koom nrog hauv kev thauj mus los ntawm nws Egyptian obelisk, uas niaj hnub no yog lub hauv paus ntawm Vatican thiab tau nthuav tawm rau qee lub sijhawm hauv Gulf of Naples. Hmoov tsis zoo, nws yog tus neeg raug tsim txom ntawm ib qho ntawm ntau qhov hluav taws kub tsis zoo uas ua rau lub nroog Italian puas tsuaj thaum lub sijhawm ntawd.

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Unfinished obelisk, Aswan, Egypt."

Txhua tus Egyptian obelisk so ntawm lub hauv paus. Thiab thaum lawv tsis tshua muaj kev lom zem saib, cov hauv paus feem ntau muaj keeb kwm nthuav ntau dua. Qee lub sij hawm lawv yooj yim li cov ntawv sau qhia txog tus txheej txheem ntawm kev thauj Aegean monument hauv Latin. Qhov no yog qhov teeb meem nrog thawj lub hauv paus ntawm Lateran Obelisk ntawm Constance, uas tseem nyob rau hauv lub ruins ntawm Circus Maximus.

Nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, lawv tau sau nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug txoj kev uas lawv lub ntsiab yog txhob txwm indistinguishable. Lub Egyptian obelisk uas tam sim no sawv hauv Piazza Navona yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm qhov no. Nws tau raug txib los ntawm Domitian rau kev tsim khoom hauv tebchaws Iziv, uas tau qhia meej tias cov ncej thiab lub hauv paus yuav tsum tau sau nrog Middle Egyptian hieroglyphs. Cov hieroglyphs ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm tshaj tawm Roman huab tais "cov duab nyob ntawm Ra".

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Caligula lub nkoj hauv chaw nres nkoj, Jean-Claude Golvin."

Txij li thaum ob peb cov neeg Loos tau paub txog cov keeb kwm ntawm Middle Egypt, nws yog qhov tseeb tias Domitian tsis xav kom nkag siab qhov no. Tab sis, theej, tau tsim cov ntawv sau thaum ub ntawm tim lyiv teb chaws, nws tau muab ob npaug rau lub zog ntawm Rome rau nws. Thiab nyob rau hauv tsis muaj cov ntsiab lus tsis meej, cov monoliths tau pleev xim rau Ancient Rome raws li keeb kwm ntawm Egypt.

Nws tseem tsim nyog sau cia tias Domitian tuaj yeem yooj yim tau txais obelisk ntawm cov haujlwm zoo sib xws hauv tebchaws Ltalis - qhov tseeb, lwm tus huab tais muaj nws. Nws txoj haujlwm ncaj qha ntawm kev ua haujlwm hauv tebchaws Iyiv yog pov thawj tias tus nqi ntawm cov chaw tau nce los ntawm kev thauj mus los ntawm lub tebchaws ntawd.

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Piazza Navona, Gaspard van Vittel, 1699."

Nws siv ntau tshaj li ob xyoos thiab ob thiab ib nrab lab daus las los xa cov monolith rau Paris. Lub nkoj Fabkis Le Luxor tau caij nkoj los ntawm Alexandria mus rau Toulon xyoo 1832 tom qab raug kaw hauv tebchaws Iziv tau ib xyoos, tos dej Nile. Tom qab ntawd nws tau caij nkoj los ntawm Toulon hla lub Strait ntawm Gibraltar thiab mus txog Atlantic, thaum kawg caij nkoj ntawm Cherbourg.

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo tom ntej, lub Egyptian tsoom fwv tshaj tawm lub xub ntiag ntawm ob lub Alexandrian obelisks, nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej hais tias cov neeg uas lawv tau hais txog tau txais lawv. Ib tug mus rau British. Lwm qhov tau muab rau cov neeg Amelikas. Thaum William Henry "Billy" Vanderbilt hnov txog lub sijhawm no, nws dhia ntawm nws. Nws tau cog lus tias yuav tau txais cov nyiaj obelisk ntxiv rau New York. Nyob rau hauv nws cov ntawv, nyob rau hauv uas lub deal tau sib tham, William yog Roman heev txog qhov yuav tau ntawm lub monolith: nws hais ib yam dab tsi nyob rau hauv lub siab hais tias yog Paris thiab London muaj ib tug, New York kuj xav tau ib tug. Ze li ob txhiab xyoo tom qab, qhov muaj ntawm Egyptian obelisk tseem suav hais tias yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lub tebchaws.

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Luxor obelisk."

Lub tswv yim tau txais. Obelisk mus rau North America ntawm kev taug kev ntev thiab txawv txawv, raws li tau piav qhia hauv New York Times. Nws tau tsim tsa hauv Central Park thaum Lub Ib Hlis 1881. Niaj hnub no nws sawv tom qab lub Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Kev Ua Yeeb Yam thiab paub los ntawm nws lub npe menyuam yaus "Cleopatra's Needle." Qhov no yog lub xeem Egyptian obelisk puas tau nyob rau hauv mus tas li exile los ntawm nws lub teb chaws.

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Cleopatra's Needle, uas thaum kawg tau tsiv mus rau New York, tau nyob hauv Alexandria, Francis Frith, nyob rau xyoo 1870."

Nws yog tej zaum qhov zoo tshaj plaws uas lub koom pheej Arab ntawm tim lyiv teb chaws tau xaus rau qhov Ancient Rome pib. Tsis muaj monuments Egyptian, obelisks lossis lwm yam uas pom hauv Egyptian av tam sim no tuaj yeem tawm hauv tebchaws Iziv.

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