Tshuaj lom "Novichok" - peb paub dab tsi?

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Tsoomfwv German tau tshaj tawm cov tshuaj lom ntawm Navalny nrog cov tshuaj lom ntawm pawg Novichok. Yav dhau los, tib cov tshuaj lom tau siv rau hauv kev sim tua neeg ntawm tus neeg sawv cev Skripal thiab nws tus ntxhais. Cia peb saib cov ntsiab lus tseeb txog cov khoom no.

Kev tshawb nrhiav haujlwm hauv Salisbury

German Tsoom Fwv Tebchaws Chancellor Angela Merkel (Angela Merkel) rau hnub Wednesday, Lub Cuaj Hli 2, tau tshaj tawm cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tshuaj ntsuam toxicological ntawm cov qauv coj los ntawm Lavxias tus nom tswv Alexei Navalny, uas nyob hauv Berlin Charite lub tsev kho mob.

Cov neeg Lavxias "tau dhau los ua tus neeg raug tsim txom los ntawm kev sim tua nrog kev siv tub rog tshuaj paj hlwb ntawm tsev neeg Novichok," tus thawj tswj hwm tau hais ntxiv tias "qhov muaj cov tshuaj lom no hauv kev tshuaj ntsuam yog dhau qhov tsis ntseeg."

Thaum Lub Peb Hlis 2018, hauv tebchaws Askiv, nrog kev pab los ntawm Novichok, tau sim ua lub neej ntawm tus neeg sawv cev ob leeg Sergei Skripal thiab nws tus ntxhais Yulia. Qhov no ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam txog kev nom kev tswv, raws li London tau liam tias tsoomfwv Lavxias tau npaj qhov kev sim tua neeg. Ib me ntsis tom qab, cov British Don Sturges tuag los ntawm tib yam tshuaj lom los ntawm ib tug tragic xwm txheej.

Leej Twg Tsim Tus Tshiab?

"Novichok" yog ib pab pawg neeg ntawm organophosphate tshuaj lom ntawm paj hlwb ua rau tuag tes tuag taw. Lub Soviet Union tau tsim nws nyob rau hauv 1970s thiab 1980s raws li ib feem ntawm ib tug tshuaj riam phom program hu ua Folio.

Tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv tshaj tawm txog cov tshuaj lom no tau tshaj tawm los ntawm Lavxias tus kws kho mob Vil Mirzayanov. Nws ua hauj lwm rau 26 xyoo nyob rau hauv lub State Union tshawb fawb lub koom haum ntawm Organic Chemistry thiab Technology (GSNIIOKhT), qhov twg cov kev loj hlob ntawm cov tshuaj lom ntawm pab pawg neeg Novichok tau ua.

Novice developer Vil Mirzayanov ntawm nws lub tsev hauv Princeton

Nyob rau hauv 1992, tus kws tshawb fawb, ua ke nrog Lev Fedorov, tus thawj kws tshawb fawb ntawm lub koom haum ntawm Geochemistry thiab Analytical Chemistry (GEOCHI) ntawm Lavxias teb sab Academy ntawm Sciences, luam tawm ib tsab xov xwm nyob rau hauv Moscow Xov xwm ntawv xov xwm, nyob rau hauv uas nws hais tias Russia, raws li nyob rau hauv 1992. Novichok, tau tsim ib tiam tshiab ntawm binary riam phom thiab yuav mus nkaum nws los ntawm lub ntiaj teb no zej zog.

Raws li Vil Mirzayanov, nws tsis tuaj yeem hais txog qhov "kev dag ntxias", tshwj xeeb tshaj yog xav tias Moscow tab tom npaj kos npe rau International Convention on txwv tsis pub tshuaj riam phom.

Tom qab tsab xov xwm tau tshaj tawm, Mirzayanov raug ntes thiab raug foob nrog kev tshaj tawm lub xeev cov lus zais. Txog thaum ntawd, nws twb raug rho tawm haujlwm ntawm GSNIIOKhT. Tom qab ntawd, tus kws tshawb fawb cov ntaub ntawv raug kaw, txij li thaum tsis muaj corpus delicti pom nyob rau hauv nws ua, thiab Mirzayanov nws tus kheej emigrated mus rau lub tebchaws United States.

Hauv kev xam phaj nrog Reuters, nws tau hais tias ntau tshaj ib tuj ntawm cov tshuaj los ntawm pab pawg Novichok tau tsim nyob rau hauv Russia. "Tsis muaj leej twg hauv ntiaj teb no paub txog qhov no," tus kws tshawb fawb ntxiv.

Dab tsi yog qhov txaus ntshai ntawm "Novichok" tshuaj lom?

Pab pawg "Novichok" suav nrog ntau tshaj li ib puas yam tshuaj lom ntawm ntau yam qauv. Qhov txaus ntshai tshaj plaws ntawm lawv yog "Novichok-5" thiab "Novichok-7". Lawv yog yim npaug ntau tshaj li cov pa roj VX - cov tshuaj lom tshaj plaws ntawm txhua yam khoom tsim los ntawm tib neeg.

Tsis paub ntau txog cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm Novichok. Nws tuaj yeem ua ke los ntawm kev sib xyaw ob yam tsis muaj tshuaj lom. Raws li Mirzayanov, qhov no tau tso cai rau cov kws tshawb fawb Soviet los tsim cov khoom siv tshuaj lom nyob rau hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev tsim cov tshuaj ua liaj ua teb.

Tus kws tshawb fawb tau hais tias cov tshuaj lom rau kev sim tua neeg ntawm Skripal tau tsim nyob rau hauv Russia nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ob yam tsis muaj teeb meem, uas twb tau ua ke nyob rau hauv lub UK nyob rau hauv ib tug me me lub raj mis tsuag nrog ib tug aerosol.

Michelle Carlin

Mirzayanov, uas, los ntawm nws tus kheej nkag mus, sim thiab txhim kho Novichok tau ntau xyoo, paub zoo li tsis muaj lwm tus dab tsi cuam tshuam cov tshuaj lom no rau tib neeg lub cev.

Raws li nws hais, nws yog "tsawg kawg kaum lub sij hawm muaj zog tshaj li cov paj hlwb." Kaum grams ntawm cov tshuaj lom no twb muaj siab concentration, tus kws tshawb fawb piav tias: "Lub caij ntuj sov, tsuas yog ob grams yuav txaus tua 500 tus neeg."

Cov "pib pib" cuam tshuam rau lub paj hlwb, raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov neeg raug tsim txom ntawm kev lom tsis tau ua pa thiab muaj kev mob hnyav heev. "Qhov no yog tsim txom. Nws yog qhov kho tsis tau kiag li," Mirzayanov hais rau Reuters. Cov tshuaj lom nrog cov tshuaj no tsis muaj sijhawm rov qab los.

Txawm hais tias Sergei thiab Yulia Skripal muaj txoj sia nyob, lawv yuav nyob tsis taus, tus kws kho mob tau hais hauv kev xam phaj nrog The Telegraph. Seb qhov no yeej yog li ntawd tsis paub. Sergei Skripal thiab nws tus ntxhais Yulia raug tso tawm hauv tsev kho mob thaum lub Tsib Hlis thiab Plaub Hlis, raws li, tab sis txuas ntxiv mus kho. Lawv qhov chaw nyob yog muab zais cia.

Cov tshuaj lom neeg ua haujlwm li cas?

Lub tebchaws Askiv tsis tau qhia meej tias cov tshuaj twg los ntawm pawg Novichok tau siv los ua tshuaj lom Skripal thiab nws tus ntxhais. Txawm li cas los xij, raws li Michelle Carlin, kws kho mob toxicologist ntawm Northumbria University hauv Newcastle, qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov tshuaj lom no zoo ib yam li lwm cov paj hlwb.

Ib zaug nyob rau hauv lub cev, cov tshuaj lom neeg chemically khi cov protein uas tswj kev sib kis ntawm paj hlwb impulses. Qhov no ua rau lub fact tias cov paj hlwb pib ntws uncontrollably mus rau cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm lub cev, lub cev thiab cov leeg. Yog li ntawd, lub plawv, ua pa thiab lwm yam nqaij ntshiv yog overexcited.

Cov tsos mob ntawm cov hlab ntsha lom muaj xws li kev qaub ncaug ntau dhau thiab ua tsis taus pa vim tus neeg tsis tuaj yeem tswj lawv cov leeg, Carlin piav qhia hauv kev xam phaj nrog DW. "Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau tuag tes tuag taw, convulsions thiab tuag thaum kawg, yog tias peb tab tom tham txog kev siv tshuaj ntau dhau lossis ua rau lub sijhawm ntev mus rau cov tshuaj lom," nws hais ntxiv.

Txij li thaum cov tshuaj lom ntawm pawg Novichok muaj tshuaj lom ntau dua li lwm cov tshuaj zoo sib xws, lawv ua sai dua, Karlin hais. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, kev noj ntawm txawm ib tug me me npaum li cas ntawm cov tshuaj lom yuav ua rau mob loj heev.

Puas muaj tshuaj tua kab mob?

Newbie lom yog kho los ntawm kev muab ob yam tshuaj rau tus neeg mob. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm organophosphorus tebchaw, pralidoxime, ua rau lub synthesis ntawm ib tug enzyme nyob rau hauv lub cev, uas yog thaiv los ntawm ib tug tshuaj lom. Qhov no tiv thaiv qhov tsis muaj kev tswj hwm ntawm cov hlab ntsha impulses rau hauv nruab nrog cev thiab cov leeg.

Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kws kho mob muab tshuaj atropine rau tus neeg mob. Karlin hais tias "Cov tshuaj no kuj tseem siv rau hauv cov xwm txheej lom nrog lwm cov organophosphates, xws li tshuaj tua kab lossis tshuaj tua kab," Karlin hais.

Nws kuj tau sau tseg tias, nkag mus rau hauv ib puag ncig, cov tshuaj lom ntawm pawg "Novichok" ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau qee lub sijhawm. Cov paj hlwb tawg hauv kev sib cuag nrog cov dej noo, yog li nws tuaj yeem ntxuav nrog dej.

Txawm li cas los xij, txhua qhov kev sib cuag nrog cov tshuaj lom ntawm pawg Novichok yog qhov txaus ntshai, yog li cov neeg uas siv nws los tua Skripal kuj muaj kev pheej hmoo loj, tus kws kho mob toxicologist tau sau tseg. "Yog hais tias tus neeg sawv cev ntawm paj hlwb muaj ob yam tsis muaj tshuaj lom, nws yooj yim dua los daws," "Tab sis thaum cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke, cov teeb meem tuaj yeem tshwm sim."

Yog "Novichok" tsuas yog tsim nyob rau hauv Russia?

Thaum Lub Rau Hli 9, 2018, tom qab kev tuag ntawm Don Sturges, tus thawj coj ntawm British Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Tiv Thaiv tau hais tias: "Qhov tseeb yooj yim yog tias Russia tau pib tawm tsam rau British av, uas ua rau muaj kev tuag ntawm cov neeg Askiv."

Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm kev lom ntawm Skripals, tom qab ntawd-Prime Minister ntawm lub tebchaws United Kingdom Theresa May kuj rov hais dua hais tias Russia yog "muaj feem ntau" tom qab lub assassination sim rau yav dhau los GRU colonel thiab ex-British MI6 tus neeg sawv cev Sergei Skripal. Raws li cov tub ceev xwm Askiv, tsuas yog Russia yog tsim cov Novichok paj hlwb, uas ua rau cov neeg txawj ntse yav dhau los thiab nws tus ntxhais.

Nws tus tsim tawm, Vil Mirzayanov, tau hais ib yam. Hauv kev xam phaj nrog cov ntawv xov xwm Askiv The Telegraph, nws tau hais tias tsuas yog Russia tuaj yeem tsim Novichok, uas yuav tsis tau tshaj tawm nws cov qauv. Nyob rau hauv Soviet lub sij hawm, txawm qhov tseeb heev ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov tshuaj lom no tsis pub leejtwg paub, Mirzayanov sau tseg.

Yog li ntawd, tus kws tshawb fawb tau hais tias, yog tias Skripal raug tshuaj lom nrog Novichok, yog li cov tub ceev xwm Lavxias tiag tiag sawv tom qab qhov kev tawm tsam no, lossis Russia tau poob kev tswj hwm ntawm cov tshuaj lom, uas tuaj yeem poob rau hauv tes tsis raug. Lavxias teb sab Federation tsis lees paub qhov kev koom tes hauv kev lom Skripal.