Tshuaj lom los ntawm cov kev pabcuam tshwj xeeb! Sab saum toj 5 tshuaj lom

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Alexei Navalny haus ib khob tshuaj yej ntawm lub tshav dav hlau Tomsk ua ntej nws ya davhlau. Kev tsaws thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev, pw hauv tsev kho mob, ua kom lub ntsws ua pa, tsis nco qab. Kev ntsuam xyuas tau raug coj mus, kev sib tham tau tuav, tab sis tseem tsis muaj kev kuaj mob. Poisoned, tab sis nrog dab tsi? Qhov no yog qhov hnyav dua li ci ntsa iab ntsuab ntawm lub ntsej muag.

Dioxin

Feem ntau, dioxin yog lub npe tsev neeg. Kev tshawb fawb, qhov no polychlorinated dibenzodioxin yog hu ua 2, 3, 7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin, lossis tsuas yog TCDD. Nyob rau hauv lub arsenal ntawm cov tshuaj no muaj zog mutagenic, immunosuppressive, carcinogenic, teratogenic thiab embryotoxic teebmeem. Yog vim li cas rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws arsenal yog qhov yooj yim darn yooj yim: TCDD haum txig rau hauv receptors thiab suppresses lossis hloov lawv txoj haujlwm. Thaum Tsov Rog Nyab Laj, hav zoov raug kho nrog tshuaj lom mus tua Viet Cong guerrilla units, thiab xyoo 2004, lawv raug lom thaum noj hmo los ntawm Viktor Yushchenko, tus thawj tswj hwm tus neeg sib tw hauv Ukraine.

Tus nom tswv tau kho los ntawm Austrian kws kho mob, nws tsim lub ntsej muag asymmetry thiab lwm yam cim qhia ntawm dioxin intoxication, tab sis hmoov zoo Yushchenko ciaj sia. Raws li ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb versions, cov tshuaj lom yog npaj los ntawm Lavxias teb sab kev pab tshwj xeeb, txawm li cas los xij, pov thawj ntawm lub cev delicti, ntawm chav kawm, yeej tsis pom.

Polonium-210

Lwm cov ntaub ntawv uas yog ntaus nqi rau Lavxias teb sab kev pab tshwj xeeb yog tshuaj lom nyob rau hauv 2006 ntawm so haujlwm FSB lieutenant colonel Alexander Litvinenko. Nws tag nrho cov pib raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm cov zaub mov lom: raws plab, ntuav. Txawm li cas los xij, cov tshuaj tua kab mob tsis pab, thiab Litvinenko loj hlob zuj zus tuaj. Cov kab mob hauv nruab nrog cev tsis kam ib qho tom qab, thiab tsuas yog 22 hnub tom qab, cov kws kho mob pom qhov ua rau - polonium-210 lom. Litvinenko tuag nyob rau tib hnub. Los ntawm txoj kev, Lavxias teb sab lieutenant colonel tsis yog tib neeg raug tsim txom ntawm cov tshuaj lom no: nyob rau hauv 2006, Nobel laureate thiab Palestinian thawj coj Yasser Arafat tuag los ntawm nws.

Polonium-210 yog damn radiotoxic thiab carcinogenic. Nws yog plaub trillion (!) lub sij hawm ntau toxic tshaj hydrocyanic acid. Cov hlau siv hluav taws xob tso tawm tsuas yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws alpha hais, uas irreversibly rhuav tshem cov kab mob hauv nruab nrog cev thiab cov ntaub so ntswg. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv muaj lub zog nkag mus tsawg heev. Qhov no yog vim li cas polonium-210 lom yog qhov nyuaj heev los kuaj pom: lub txee Geiger tsuas pom cov hluav taws xob gamma, uas cov tshuaj lom no tsis muaj.

Newbie

Tom qab lub npe innocuous yog tag nrho tsev neeg ntawm organofluorophosphorus tshuaj lom neeg ua haujlwm ntawm paj hlwb, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, uas tau tsim nyob rau hauv Soviets xyoo 1970s. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, muaj txog rau caum lub tebchaw zoo sib xws, uas nto moo tshaj plaws yog A-230, A-232 thiab A-234. Cov tub rog Asmeskas tau lees tias A-232 thiab A-234 muaj tshuaj lom zoo li VX (tus neeg sawv cev organophosphate, tsim hauv tebchaws Askiv hauv xyoo 1955), nyuaj rau kho li soman (ib qho analogue ntawm VX). Txawm li cas los xij, lawv yooj yim dua los tsim thiab nrhiav tau yooj yim dua.

Thawj qhov kev lom zem los ntawm Novichok tau tshwm sim hauv xyoo 1987. Soviet chemist Andrei Zheleznyakov ua kev ntsuam xyuas nrog cov tshuaj A-232, tom qab ib tug me me xau, cov tsos mob ntawm lom tam sim ntawd pib tshwm: kiv taub hau, tinnitus, ua pob liab vog thiab hallucinations. Tus kws tshawb fawb tsis nco qab tau sawv hauv Sklif tsuas yog 10 hnub tom qab. Nyob rau hauv 1995, tus banker Ivan Kivelidi thiab nws tus tuav ntaub ntawv tau tuag los ntawm kev lom nrog ib tug Novichok, uas raug ntaus nyob rau hauv lub xov tooj receiver nyob rau hauv nws lub chaw ua hauj lwm. Kev sib tw ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov hnyav tau txais los ntawm ntau tshaj kaum tus neeg uas tau mus rau tus neeg tuav nyiaj. Xyoo 2018, Novichok tau siv los sim tua tus qub GRU tub ceev xwm Sergei Skripal thiab nws tus ntxhais 33 xyoo Yulia hauv Askiv lub nroog Salisbury.

Hlau pentacarbonyl

Qhov no inorganic compound yog nquag siv nyob rau hauv kev lag luam chemical, thaum ua heev lom thiab txaus ntshai heev rau ib puag ncig. Thiab nws kuj yog ib qho tshuaj lom sabotage, nws muaj lub siab tsis muaj zog, nws yog ib qho riam phom ntawm cov kev pabcuam tshwj xeeb. Pentacarbonyl hlau ua tshuaj lom yog yooj yim heev rau siv, vim nws feem ntau yuav luag tsis pom thaum txheeb xyuas qhov ua rau lom. Nws dissolves zoo kawg nkaus hauv cov kua, suav nrog cov cawv uas muaj cawv, tsis muaj decomposition, thiab tsis muaj saj thiab tsis hnov tsw. Cov tsos mob zoo ib yam li cov pa roj carbon monoxide lom. Ob cov khoom xyaw ntawm cov tshuaj lom - hlau thiab carbon monoxide - muaj nyob rau hauv peb lub cev.

Raws li ib tug version ntawm yav tas los Prime Minister ntawm Georgia Zurab Zhvania, nyob rau hauv 2005 nws yog pentacarbonyl hlau uas raug tua. Txawm li cas los xij, raws li cov ntawv tshaj tawm, cov nom tswv tau raug tshuaj lom los ntawm carbon monoxide. Allegedly, qhov txhaum yog faulty qhov cub nyob rau hauv ib chav tsev xauj uas Zhvania yog.

Ricin

Ib qho tshuaj lom neeg muaj protein ntau yog tau los ntawm cov taum castor, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm cov nroj tsuag Ricinus communis (peb cov roj castor). Ricin yog 6,000 npaug ntau dua tshuaj lom tshaj li poov tshuaj cyanide, thiab ib koob tshuaj pinhead txaus los tua tus neeg laus. Nws tau sim siv los ua riam phom ntawm kev puas tsuaj loj txij li Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib 1, tab sis vim qee qhov tsis txaus nws tau tso tseg. Tab sis ricin tsis tawm ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab pom tias siv los ntawm cov koom haum txawj ntse thoob ntiaj teb.

Cov xwm txheej nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm ricin eradication tshwm sim hauv xyoo 1978. Bulgarian dissident Georgiy Markov, uas tau khiav mus rau Tebchaws Askiv, tau txhaj lub kaus nrog lub microcapsule (raws li lwm yam, tsis yog lub kaus, muaj rab phom pneumatic). Tag kis sawv ntxov, tom qab txhaj tshuaj, Markov kub taub hau thiab tawm tsam xeev siab, ob peb hnub tom qab nws tuag. Lub ampoule nrog ricin tau pom tsuas yog ntawm kev txiav txim siab. Lwm tus neeg tawg rog Bulgarian muaj hmoo dua: Vladimir Kostov tau txhaj tshuaj zoo sib xws hauv Parisian metro. Nws tau txais kev cawmdim los ntawm lub tsho tiv no uas tiv thaiv lub microcapsule los ntawm kev nkag mus tob rau hauv daim tawv nqaij.