Qhov twg mus nrhiav cov pyramids ntawm Tartary?

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Ntau tus twb tau hnov txog Great Tartary. Qee cov kws tshawb fawb thiab txawm tias cov kws tshawb fawb tau pom nws nyob rau hauv daim ntawv qhia qub, digitized los ntawm Western cov tsev qiv ntawv thiab tsev cia puav pheej, los yog ua yeeb yaj kiab ntawm kev nthuav qhia keeb kwm hauv Russia thiab cov tebchaws nyob sib ze. Tartary yog lub teb chaws Ottoman, muaj nws tus kheej txoj cai kav, lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab, chij thiab lwm yam cwj pwm ntawm lub xeev ywj pheej nrog nws tus yam ntxwv thiab keeb kwm.

Lub teb chaws legendary no, tsim los ntawm Scythians hauv keeb kwm, tau dhau los ua pob txha hauv caj pas ntawm cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm ntawm keeb kwm. Hmoov tsis zoo, lub ntsiab lus ntawm Tartary yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg hauv txhua txoj hauv kev los ntawm ntau txoj kev xav, uas yog qhov txaus ntshai, thiab tib lub sijhawm tsis tshua muaj kev thuam. Ib qho ntawm cov qauv no hais tias lub teb chaws qhov chaw nom tswv nyob rau sab qab teb Siberia, me ntsis sab qab teb ntawm lub nroog niaj hnub Anadyr, thiab lub qhov ntxa ntawm Tartar emperors yog los yog nyob rau hauv Chukotka. Peb txiav txim siab los sim ob lub versions no thiab xav tsis thoob ntawm peb cov kev tshawb fawb.

Tseeb, dab tsi tiv thaiv peb los ntawm kev tshawb fawb ntawm Tartary ib pliag? Peb muab rau koj ib tug fascinating taug kev mus rau hauv lub depths ntawm lub centuries, thaum lub sij hawm uas Moscow tseem yog ib tug me me fortress, thiab Samarkand yog ib tug loj metropolis.

Qhov twg yog qhov chaw ntawm Tartary?

Nyob rau hauv lub kaum ob thiab kaum peb centuries, European cartographers muaj me ntsis lub tswv yim ntawm dab tsi lub continents, xeev ciam teb, coastlines tiag tiag zoo li. Lawv paub tsis zoo txog qhov kev ncua deb ntawm ib cheeb tsam mus rau lwm qhov. Thaum lub sij hawm ntawd, raws li cov tswv yim Christian txog lub ntiaj teb thiab cov xwm txheej hauv phau Vajlugkub, cov ntawv teev lus tau piav qhia hauv daim ntawv T, muab tso rau hauv ib lub voj voog.

Asia feem ntau muab tso rau saum toj, Europe nyob rau hauv qab sab laug, thiab Africa nyob rau hauv qab txoj cai. Tom qab dej nyab thoob ntiaj teb, uas tau hais tias tau tshwm sim ntau txhiab xyoo ua ntej Yexus Khetos yug los, lub ntiaj teb tau faib rau Nau-es cov tub - Shem, Ham, Japheth. Lub cheeb tsam twg tau txais rau leej twg yog cov lus nug qhib, vim tias kev xav ntawm qhov no txawv ntawm ntau qhov chaw. Yeluxalees thiab Nau-a lub nkoj feem ntau tau muab tso rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm daim duab qhia chaw.

Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv qhia hnub kwv yees li ntawm lub xyoo pua 13th, ib sab ntawm lub teb chaws uas niaj hnub nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawd, tsis muaj Tartary, tab sis muaj Scythia. Tab sis cov Scythians yuav tsum tau ploj mus los ntawm daim duab qhia chaw ntawm lawv cov kev kawm nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua xya! Tartary tshwm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv qhia ntawm lub xyoo pua 14th - raws nraim ntawm qhov chaw ntawm Scythia, ntxiv rau, lub xeev tshiab ua raws li lub teb chaws Ottoman. Cov neeg European tsis tu ncua sau txog qee tus huab tais Tartarus, uas nws qhov chaw nyob nyob hauv thaj av Catay (Catayo, Cathay, Catai).

Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, ciam teb, qhov ntau thiab tsawg, nroog, dej ntws, reservoir ntawm Tartaria paub rau Europeans kwv yees li, txhua leej txhua tus sculpts lawv nyob qhov twg nws nyiam.

Qee lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 14th, thiab tej zaum txawm tias tom qab ntawd, lub ntiaj teb atlas tau tsim nyob rau hauv Spanish Catalonia. Raws li nws cov kws sau ntawv, lub peev ntawm Tartary yog nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd qhov chaw nyob rau sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj Asia, lub tswv yim ntawm "Siberia" tsis muaj nyob hauv cov neeg European thaum lub sijhawm ntawd. Lub atlas no tsis muaj Chukotka lossis Kamchatka. Cov npe chaw thiab lub teb chaws tau tawg nyob rau hauv Asia raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus "tawm ntawd".

Qhov tseeb nthuav - European sau yav dhau los yuav luag tag nrho raws li ib tug tham txog kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Alexander lub Great nrog cov inhabitants ntawm lub teb chaws ntawm Gog thiab Magog, uas yog, Scythia thiab tom qab Tartaria.

1452 xyoo txij thaum Yexus yug los. Venice. Peb tuaj rau ntawm daim ntawv qhia, hla uas tus Catholic hauj sam yog carp … Nws lub npe yog Fra Mauro. Wb saib dua peb xub pwg… peb pom dab tsi? Lub nroog loj tshaj plaws ntawm Tartary, Khanbalyk lossis Kambaly, nrog rau qhov chaw nyob ntawm lub khan zoo, nyob rau qhov chaw hauv thaj chaw niaj hnub Siberia. Lub qhov ntxa ntawm huab tais tsis nyob deb, kwv yees li ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Chukotka niaj hnub. Txog tam sim no, txhua yam haum ua ke.

Tsiv los ze zog rau peb lub sijhawm … Yog, nws yog Christopher Columbus nws tus kheej! Tsis ntev ua ntej nws nto moo nrhiav tau ntawm Amelikas, tus neeg taug kev legendary xav txog lub ntiaj teb ib yam dab tsi zoo li no: (daim duab qhia ntawm Christopher Columbus). Daim ntawv qhia hnub los ntawm lub xyoo pua 15th.

Ntawm nws, thaj tsam Tartar ntawm Katay thiab Tenduk nyob deb sab qab teb ntau dua li yav dhau los xav, lub nceeg vaj ntawm Gog thiab Magog yog qhov chaw nyob rau sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj.

Asia nws tus kheej thiab Tartary sau nrog lub npe - "Magna", uas yog, "Zoo". Nco ntsoov tias cov ntsiab lus ntawm Asia feem ntau yog kwv yees li ntawm - tsis muaj Hindustan, Chukotka, Kamchatka, Kauslim Peninsula, African sab av loj feem ntau twisted. Sab qaum teb sab hnub poob ntawm Eurasia kuj yog "mob". Qhov tseeb, txhua yam yog logic. Lub sijhawm ntawd, cov neeg European tsis muaj lub tswv yim meej txog qhov chaw nyob ntawm qee lub xeev Asian thiab cheeb tsam.

16 xyoo pua! Peb mus qhov twg? Cia wb mus saib Nicolas Desliens. Tam sim no nws yog 1566. North thiab South America twb tau pom lawm, tab sis lawv cov ntsiab lus ntawm daim duab qhia chaw tseem nyob deb ntawm qhov zoo tagnrho. Tib yam siv rau Asia, sab qab teb twb tau kawm txaus, tab sis cov neeg nyob sab Europe xyaum tsis tsav tob mus rau sab av loj, mus rau nruab nrab thiab sab qaum teb ntawm lub ntiaj teb no. Yog li, sab qaum teb ntawm Asia tau piav qhia tsis meej, tsis muaj cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws cov npe thiab ntug hiav txwv. Ntxiv mus, nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm Eurasia muaj ib tug inscription: "Terra Incognita" - "Unknown av". Qhov no txhais tau hais tias sab qaum teb ntawm niaj hnub Russia tsis muaj nyob rau hauv thaj chaw kev nkag siab ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv Europe.

Ib qho xwm txheej zoo sib xws yog nrog lwm daim npav ntawm lub sijhawm no. Piv txwv li, lub npe nrov atlas ntawm Abraham Ortelius ntawm 1570, uas Novaya Zemlya yog yuav luag tag nrho cov teb chaws nyob rau hauv lub hiav txwv Arctic.

Cov txheej txheem ntawm sab qaum teb Asia twb nyob ze rau qhov tiag, tab sis cov cheeb tsam uas tib Columbus tso rau hauv Central Asia nyob ntawm no nyob rau sab qaum teb. Ntawm lub ntsej muag - kev tawg ntawm thaj chaw cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov cheeb tsam no. Cov ntawv sau "Katay" raws li qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm Tartary, nrog rau cov cheeb tsam nyob sib ze, "roams" los ntawm nruab nrab ntawm Asia mus rau sab qaum teb; qhov no tshwm sim ntawm cov duab sib txawv ntawm tib lub sijhawm. Yog li ntawd, nws tsis tuaj yeem siv tsawg kawg yog ib qho ntawm lawv los siv rau kev sib piv nrog cov duab satellite.

XVIII caug xyoo. Txog rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua, Moscow Tartary thiab Siberia tshwm sim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv qhia ntawm Europeans. Qhov tseeb, qhov no txhais tau hais tias maj mam kov yeej, raws li peb xav tam sim no hais tias, kev koom ua ke ntawm sab hnub poob ntawm Tartaria los ntawm Moscow tsars los ntawm Romanov dynasty. Nyob rau hauv parallel nrog tsim ntawm Moscow Tartary, lub Great tshwm sim, nyob rau hauv uas lub Tartar capital ntawm Khanbalik thiab lub tsev ntawm lub Great khan tsis muaj lawm.

Ntawm qee qhov atlases, koj tseem tuaj yeem pom thaj tsam Katay - tib lub chaw nom tswv nrog cov cheeb tsam thiab cov nroog nyob sib ze. Thiab, los ntawm txoj kev, lub cim xeeb ntawm lub fact tias Katai los yog Tuam Tshoj yog lub hauv paus nyob ib ncig ntawm lub fortress, lub nceeg vaj, lub teb chaws Ottoman tau tsim tau khaws cia nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab kab lis kev cai. Saib saum toj no ntawm Moscow Kitay-gorod - lub Kremlin, Moscow, ces Muscovy, thiab txawm tom qab lub Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws tau tsim nyob ib ncig ntawm nws.

Thiab qhov no yog xyoo 1626. Daim ntawv qhia ntawm tus neeg Askiv Askiv John Speed. Katai tab tom hloov mus rau sab qab teb mus rau qhov uas nws xyaum ciam teb rau ntawm Great Wall ntawm Tuam Tshoj.

Ib qho piv txwv zoo sib xws tuaj yeem pom ntawm lwm daim ntawv qhia los ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th. Peb pom ib yam ntawm daim ntawv qhia Manesson-Mallet xyoo 1683 thiab lwm yam.

Xav pom thaj chaw uas ploj lawm? Ntawm no yog Fabkis atlas ntawm kev mus ncig thiab nrhiav pom los ntawm 1752. Thiab ntawm no nws yog, thaum kawg - Chukotka thiab Kamchatka, kos raws li nws yuav tsum tau! Peb pom cov ntug hiav txwv txaus thiab qhov ntev. Nyob rau hauv cov av no muaj ib tug inscription uas cov Muscovites nrhiav tau lawv 20 xyoo dhau los!

Thiab Lavxias teb sab official version ntawm keeb kwm thawb hnub no rov qab yuav luag 100 xyoo dhau los! Peb tau hais tias Kamchatov nrhiav pom cov ceg av qab teb hauv xyoo 1658 -61, thiab ib tus neeg saib xyuas Lavxias tau mus xyuas cov chaw no hauv 1696 … Xav txog tias txij li Peter lub Great kav, uas yog, txij li thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th, kev sib raug zoo ntawm Russia. thiab Tebchaws Europe tau dhau los ua ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom, peb tuaj yeem hais nrog kev ntseeg siab: Fabkis xyoo 1752 muaj cov ntaub ntawv txhim khu kev qha ntawm thaj chaw nrhiav pom ntawm qhov hu ua "Muscovites".

Lub cev qhuav dej ntawm Tartary. Txoj hmoo ntawm cheeb tsam Cathay

Thiab peb tau txais dab tsi? Cov neeg sib tw ze tshaj plaws ntawm Peter lub Great tau nquag txhim kho thaj chaw ntawm Siberia, hloov npe lub nroog, cov zos, hav dej, pas dej, tsim cov fortresses tshiab, tsim kev tsim kho vaj tse, vim cov cheeb tsam no tsis tau tsim los ntev vim tias Tartary tau bogged. down rau ntau xyoo nyob rau hauv ib qho kev lag luam, kev lag luam thiab kev nom kev tswv ntsoog: nws tau poob lub hwj chim dynasty, lub peev, thiab disintegrated mus rau hauv lub nceeg vaj, los yog, nyob rau hauv peb lub tswv yim, republics. Thiab lawv, tom qab ib ntus, raug ntes los ntawm cov tebchaws nyob sib ze.

Cov kws kos duab sab hnub poob xav tsis thoob thaum kawm txog qhov muaj ntau pua lab tus hectares uas tsis tau tshawb nrhiav nyob rau sab qaum teb thiab sab hnub poob Asia. Lub qub nom tswv chaw ntawm Tartary, Katay, ntawm daim duab qhia chaw ntawm European thiab Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb, hloov mus rau Central Asia, uas yog mus rau Mongolia thiab loj heev ntawm niaj hnub North Tuam Tshoj. Thiab qhov no yog qhov tseeb tshaj plaws ntawm lub peev ntawm Tartary, Khanbalyk lossis Kambala. Yog li ntawd, peb hais tias "Tuam Tshoj", tsis yog "Tuam Tshoj" lossis "Tuam Tshoj" - vim tias peb cov lus khaws cia lub cim xeeb ntawm thaj av Katay, uas yog, qhov chaw ntawm Horde, uas peb tau nyob ntev, yog qhov chaw nyob hauv. sab qab teb. Mongolia. Ntawm daim duab qhia chaw ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th, Katay tseem nyob rau qee lub sijhawm - nruab nrab ntawm thaj av ntawm Mongolia niaj hnub thiab Great Wall of China.

Khanbalik cov nroog nyob sib ze xws li Kampion, Guza lossis Zuza, Kamul, nrog rau thaj tsam Tangut tseem nyob hauv lawv qhov chaw - uas yog, hauv Central Asia. Los ntawm nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th, Western cartographers tau siv lub npe tshiab ntawm cov chaw no thiab kos npe nrog lo lus "Ordos" lossis "Ortus". Thiab nws tsis yog qhov tsis muaj txiaj ntsig uas cov neeg ncig tebchaws Fabkis nyob hauv Suav Tartary txawm tias nyob rau xyoo pua 19th pom ruins thiab fragments ntawm palaces zoo ib yam li European thiab txawv txawv kiag li rau Suav architecture.

Nyob rau sab qaum teb thiab sab hnub poob ntawm Tuam Tshoj niaj hnub no, mummies ntawm cov neeg dawb - Scythians, nrog rau cov pyramids feem ntau pom. Qhov xwm txheej no tsis tu ncua txwv tsis pub PRC cov tub ceev xwm los ntawm kev txhawb nqa lub tswv yim ntawm Tuam Tshoj thaum ub zoo, Suav kab lis kev cai zoo thiab yav tom ntej Suav zoo. Yog li ntawd, lawv sim tshaj tawm cov mummies ntawm Scythian tartars tsawg li sai tau, thiab cog ntoo hauv cov pyramids, thaum tsis pub dhau kev khawb, uas tsis tso cai rau cov neeg tuag.

Pyramidal tombs ntawm lub Great Khans ntawm Tartary

Lub chaw nom tswv tau raug txheeb xyuas. Kev tsom mus rau cov ntawv qub qub thiab qhov chaw tiag tiag ntawm qhov chaw nyob tseem ceeb ntawm cov huab tais, peb yuav sim nrhiav lawv qhov ntxa. Qhov tseeb, tsis tas yuav rov tsim lub log ntawm no. Txij li thaum European cartographers nco txog qhov chaw faus neeg ntawm cov thawj coj ntawm Tartaria tau ntev heev thiab ib txwm muab tso rau. nyob rau hauv lub roob Altai- ob qho tib si nyob rau hauv daim ntawv qhia thaum ntxov ntawm 15th, 16th centuries, thiab tom qab ntawd, piv txwv li, lub xyoo pua 18th. Nyob ze rau lub sijhawm ntawm lub cev qhuav dej ntawm Tartary, cov neeg European tsis hloov lub npe "Altai" mus rau "Aitai" lossis "Antai" thiab tau txiav txim siab thaum kawg nrog qhov chaw ntawm lub roob no.

Ua ke nrog KATAI thiab nws cov nroog nyob sib ze, lub qhov ntxa ntawm huab tais hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov pyramids (raws li tau piav qhia los ntawm lawv cov neeg nyob ib puag ncig) yuav tsum tsis txhob "roam" thiab thaum kawg "tso" hauv Central Asia.

Tam sim no nws tau dhau los ua qhov tseeb rau peb, nrog rau cov kws sau ntawv sab hnub poob ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd, tias Altai Toj siab nrog cov pyramids ntawm cov khas loj yuav tsum nrhiav tsis nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm Asia, tsis yog hauv Chukotka, tab sis hauv thaj av ntawm Mongolia, xws li. zoo li hauv Altai koom pheej. Thiab lub peev ntawm Tartary thiab yav dhau los cheeb tsam ntawm KATAI yog nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm Tuam Tshoj-Tuam Tshoj tam sim no.

Sij hawm dhau los, cov kws tshawb fawb sab hnub poob pom tau tias Altai nyob ntawm qhov chaw ncaj ncees ntawm qhov chaw nom tswv ntawm Tartary, tab sis thaum qhov no tau pom tseeb, KATAI cheeb tsam tau tso tseg rau hauv daim ntawv qhia txij li ib nrab xyoo pua 18th. Hloov ntawm KATAI, ORDOS tshwm sim, uas txhais tau tias "PALACES" hauv Mongolian.

Rov qab mus rau peb lub sijhawm …

Tam sim no mummies ntawm Scythian-Tartar cov neeg tseem ceeb tau pom hauv Altai. Cia peb nco qab tsawg kawg yog Altai ntxhais huab tais thiab lwm yam mummies ntawm cov neeg dawb pom nyob rau hauv roob Altai. Tej zaum lub qhov ntxa ntawm cov khas loj tau muab zais ntau dua, thiab peb nrhiav tsis tau? Tej zaum lub qhov ntxa imperial tau ntev tau kawm tsis pub leej twg paub, thiab tag nrho cov cim tau muab zais. Los yog European pundits thiab cov neeg taug kev zoo li Marco Polo tsis yog lawm, thiab Altai tsis muaj dab tsi ua nrog nws, thiab lub qhov ntxa tsis yog pyramids. Los yog Suav pyramids tib lub ntxa?

Peb xav tau kev tshawb fawb tsis yog tsuas yog cov ntawv sau nyob sab Europe xwb, tab sis kuj yog cov lus Lavxias, uas yog vim li cas thiaj zais ntawm peb. Xav tau cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb ua lwm hom lus. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los tsa lub ntsiab lus ntawm Tartary mus rau theem siab ntawm kev kawm thiab pib kev tsom xam ntawm thaj chaw, kev tshawb pom archaeological, kev coj noj coj ua zoo sib xws, thiab lwm yam - ob qho tib si hauv Russia thiab hauv Suav teb, lwm lub teb chaws uas lawv thaj av yog ib feem ntawm Tartary.. Nws yog lub sijhawm los nthuav tawm cov lus dag no txog Tatar-Mongol yoke, yog li yav tom ntej tsis muaj chaw rau kev txhob txwm tshaj tawm lossis yuam kev cuam tshuam ntawm qhov tseeb keeb kwm.