Bunker fighters

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Tej zaum, cov neeg tua hluav taws ntawm cov chav no tshuav qhov tsis paub txog qhov tseeb tias lawv tsis haum rau cov duab nrov ntawm Soviet "liberator tub rog"? Tseeb tiag, nyob rau hauv lub siab ntawm Soviet neeg, cov tub rog liab ntawm lub Great Patriotic ua tsov ua rog yog emaciated cov neeg nyob rau hauv qias neeg greatcoats uas khiav nyob rau hauv ib tug neeg coob coob mus tua tom qab lub tso tsheb hlau luam, los yog nkees nkees cov txiv neej haus luam yeeb nyob rau hauv lub mis ntawm ib tes dov trench. Tom qab tag nrho, nws yog qhov tseeb xws li kev txhaj tshuaj uas tau raug ntes los ntawm tub rog xov xwm.

Feem ntau yuav, nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm cov neeg filming newsreels, lub luag hauj lwm tseem ceeb yog los qhia ib tug fighter ntawm cov neeg ua hauj lwm 'thiab peasants' pab tub rog, uas raug torn los ntawm lub tshuab thiab plow, thiab nyiam dua unsightly. Zoo li peb yog ib tug tub rog - ib thiab ib nrab meters siab, thiab Hitler yeej! Cov duab no yog qhov kev sib tw zoo tshaj plaws rau cov neeg qaug zog, raug tsim txom los ntawm Stalinist txoj cai. Nyob rau hauv lub lig 1980s, filmmakers thiab post-Soviet historians muab "neeg raug tsim txom ntawm kev tsim txom" rau ib lub laub, muab "peb-kab" tsis muaj cartridges, xa lawv mus ntsib lub armored hordes ntawm fascists - nyob rau hauv kev saib xyuas ntawm barrage detachments.

Tau kawg, qhov tseeb yog qhov txawv me ntsis ntawm cov uas tau ntes los ntawm xov xwm. Cov Germans lawv tus kheej nkag mus rau hauv lub Soviet Union nyob rau hauv 300 txhiab lub tsheb. Qhov piv ntawm armament kuj txawv los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm Soviet. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm cov phom phom tsim, fascist Europe yog 4 zaug qis dua USSR, thiab 10 npaug tsawg dua ntawm tus kheej-loading phom.

Tau kawg, nyob rau xyoo tas los no, kev xav txog Kev Tsov Rog Loj Loj tau hloov pauv. Lub zej zog tau nkees ntawm lub ntsiab lus ntawm "cov neeg raug tsim txom tsis paub qab hau", thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm txaus ntshai ntawm cov tsheb ciav hlau armored, ninja scouts, tus neeg saib xyuas ciam teb-terminators, nrog rau lwm cov cim exaggerated pib tshwm ntawm cov ntxaij vab tshaus. Raws li lawv hais, los ntawm ib qho mus rau lwm qhov. Txawm hais tias nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias cov neeg saib xyuas tiag tiag thiab cov tub ceev xwm ciam teb (nrog rau cov tub rog thiab tub rog) tau sib txawv los ntawm kev cob qhia zoo thiab lub cev zoo. Nyob rau hauv ib lub teb chaws uas kev ua si nawv tau yuam loj heev, pitching muaj ntau ntau dua li tam sim no.

Thiab tsuas yog ib ceg ntawm cov tub rog tsis tau pom los ntawm lub qhov muag ntawm cov kws sau ntawv, txawm hais tias nws tsim nyog tau txais kev mloog zoo tshaj plaws. Nws yog cov tub rog tua engineer-sapper brigades ntawm Supreme Commander-in-Chief lub cia uas yog cov neeg coob thiab muaj zog tshaj plaws ntawm cov tub rog tshwj xeeb hauv Soviet thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob

Thaum lub sij hawm ua tsov ua rog, feem ntau ntawm cov belligerents pib paub tias classical infantry tsuas yog tsis muaj peev xwm ua tau ntau yam hauj lwm. Qhov no yog lub zog rau kev tsim cov commando battalions nyob rau hauv teb chaws Aas Kiv, tub rog ranger units nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States, thiab panzergrenadiers nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees, ib feem ntawm lub motorized infantry tau hloov kho. Tau pib nws qhov kev tawm tsam loj hauv xyoo 1943, Cov Tub Rog Liab tau ntsib teeb meem ntawm kev poob tseem ceeb thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm txhawm rau ntes German fortified thaj chaw, nrog rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua.

Cov Germans yog cov kws tshaj lij hauv kev tsim lub fortifications. Cov ntsiab lus tua hluav taws ntev ntev, feem ntau ua los ntawm cov hlau lossis pob zeb, npog ib leeg, tom qab lawv yog cov phom tua tus kheej lossis cov roj teeb ntawm cov phom tiv thaiv tank. Txhua txoj kev mus rau lub pillboxes tau entangled nrog barbed hlau thiab densely mined. Hauv cov nroog, txhua qhov manhole lossis hauv qab daus tau dhau los ua cov ntsiab lus tua hluav taws. Txawm cov ruins hloov mus rau hauv impregnable forts.

Tau kawg, lub thawv nplua tuaj yeem siv los nqa cov kev tiv thaiv zoo li no - nws tsis muaj qhov xav tau los tso ntau txhiab tus tub rog thiab tub ceev xwm, ua rau muaj kev xyiv fab rau yav tom ntej denunciators ntawm "Stalinism". Ib tug tuaj yeem pov nws tus kheej ntawm lub ntsej muag nrog ib lub hauv siab - tau kawg, kev ua yeeb yam, tab sis tsis muaj kev xav kiag li. Nyob rau hauv no hais txog, lub hauv paus chaw ua hauj lwm, uas pib paub hais tias nws yog lub sij hawm kom tsis txhob sib ntaus sib tua nrog kev pab los ntawm "hurray" thiab ib tug bayonet, thiab xaiv ib tug txawv txoj kev.

Lub tswv yim heev ntawm ShISBr (kev tua neeg ua haujlwm-sapper brigades) raug coj los ntawm Germans, los yog, los ntawm Kaiser cov tub rog. Nyob rau hauv 1916, thaum lub sij hawm sib ntaus sib tua rau Verdun, cov tub rog German tau siv tshwj xeeb combat engineer-assault pab pawg, uas muaj tshwj xeeb riam phom (knapsack flamethrowers thiab lub teeb tshuab rab phom) thiab dhau ib tug tshwj xeeb kev cob qhia. Cov Germans lawv tus kheej, pom meej suav nrog "blitzkrieg", tsis nco qab txog lawv qhov kev paub - thiab tom qab ntawd rau lub sijhawm tseem ceeb lawv tau tsoo hauv Sevastopol thiab hauv Stalingrad. Tab sis Red Army tau coj nws mus ua haujlwm.

Thawj 15 lub foob pob tawg tau pib tsim thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 1943. Cov koom haum engineering ntawm Cov Neeg Ua Haujlwm 'thiab Cov Neeg Peasants' Red Army tau ua lub hauv paus rau lawv, txij li cov tub rog tshwj xeeb tshiab xav tau, feem ntau, cov kws tshaj lij kev txawj ntse, txij li ntau txoj haujlwm tau muab rau lawv yog qhov nyuaj thiab dav.

Lub tuam txhab tshawb nrhiav engineering feem ntau tshawb xyuas cov yeeb ncuab fortifications. Cov neeg tua hluav taws tau txiav txim siab lub zog hluav taws xob thiab "lub zog vaj tsev" ntawm lub fortifications. Tom qab ntawd, ib daim phiaj qhia ntxaws ntxaws, qhia txog qhov chaw ntawm cov pillboxes thiab lwm cov ntsiab lus tua, lawv yog dab tsi (pob zeb, av lossis lwm yam), riam phom yog dab tsi. Nws kuj qhia tau hais tias lub xub ntiag ntawm npog, qhov chaw ntawm obstacles thiab minefields. Siv cov ntaub ntawv no, lawv tsim ib txoj kev npaj ua phem. Tom qab ntawd, cov tub rog ntaus rog tau nkag mus rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua (muaj txog li tsib tus tub rog). Cov neeg tua hluav taws rau ShISBr tau xaiv tshwj xeeb yog ua tib zoo. Sluggish, lub cev tsis muaj zog thiab cov tub rog muaj hnub nyoog 40 xyoo tsis tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv pab tub rog

Cov kev xav tau siab rau cov neeg sib tw tau piav qhia yooj yim: lub dav hlau sib ntaus sib tua tau nqa lub nra uas ntau dua li ob peb zaug ntawm cov tub rog yooj yim. Cov txheej txheem ntawm ib tug tub rog muaj xws li ib tug steel bib, uas muab kev tiv thaiv tawm tsam me me fragments, raws li zoo raws li rab yaj phom (tsis siv neeg) mos txwv, thiab ib lub hnab nyob rau hauv uas muaj ib tug "teeb ntawm explosives". Cov hnab ntim tau siv los nqa cov mos txwv ntau ntxiv ntawm cov grenades, nrog rau cov fwj nrog "Molotov cocktails" pov rau hauv qhov rais qhib lossis embrasures. Los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm xyoo 1943, kev tua neeg ua haujlwm-sapper brigades pib siv cov flamethrowers knapsack. Ntxiv nrog rau cov phom phom ib txwm muaj (PPS thiab PPSh), cov tub rog ntawm cov tub rog tua rog tau muaj phom loj thiab phom phom tiv thaiv tank. Cov phom phom tiv thaiv tank tau siv los ua phom loj loj los tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm.

Txhawm rau qhia cov neeg ua haujlwm khiav nrog lub nra ntawm lawv lub xub pwg nyom thiab txo qis nws qhov kev poob qis, cov neeg tua hluav taws tau txais kev cob qhia nyuaj. Ntxiv rau qhov tseeb tias ShISBr cov neeg tua hluav taws tau khiav ntawm qhov kev cuam tshuam hauv cov iav tag nrho, cov mos txwv sib ntaus sib tua xuav hla lawv lub taub hau. Yog li, cov tub rog tau qhia kom "tsis txhob tawm" txawm tias ua ntej kev sib ntaus sib tua thawj zaug thiab sib sau ua ke cov txuj ci no nyob rau theem ntawm kev xav. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov neeg ua haujlwm tau koom nrog hauv kev xyaum tua thiab tshem tawm thiab tawg. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov kev cob qhia muaj xws li kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm tes, pov axes, riam thiab sapper blades.

Kev cob qhia ShISBr yog qhov nyuaj dua li kev cob qhia ntawm tib tus kws tshawb fawb. Tom qab tag nrho, cov neeg tshawb nrhiav tau mus ua lub luag haujlwm me ntsis, thiab qhov tseem ceeb rau lawv tsis yog nrhiav lawv tus kheej. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub dav hlau sib ntaus sib tua tsis muaj sijhawm los nkaum hauv cov hav txwv yeem, thiab nws tsis muaj lub sijhawm los ntsiag to "qhib". Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm ShISBr fighters tsis qaug cawv ib leeg "tus nplaig", tab sis lub fortifications muaj zog tshaj plaws nyob rau sab hnub tuaj.

Kev sib ntaus sib tua tau pib dheev, feem ntau txawm tias tsis muaj kev npaj phom loj thiab txawm tias tsawg qw ntawm "hurray!" Detachments ntawm lub tshuab rab phom thiab tshuab rab phom, uas nws lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog txiav tawm German bunkers los ntawm infantry txhawb, ntsiag to dhau los ntawm kev npaj ua ntej hauv minefields. Flamethrowers lossis explosives dealt nrog tus yeeb ncuab bunker nws tus kheej.

Tus nqi muab tso rau hauv lub qhov cua ua rau nws muaj peev xwm lov tes taw txawm lub fortification muaj zog tshaj plaws. Qhov twg lub grate txwv txoj kev, lawv ua witty thiab mercilessly: ob peb lub kaus poom ntawm kerosene tau nchuav rau hauv, tom qab uas lawv pov ib tug match.

Cov ShISBr cov neeg tua hluav taws hauv nroog tau txawv los ntawm lawv lub peev xwm los tshwm sim tam sim ntawd los ntawm ib sab uas tau npaj txhij rau cov tub rog German. Txhua yam yog qhov yooj yim heev: cov tub rog tub rog tub rog tau dhau los ntawm cov phab ntsa, siv TNT los ua txoj hauv kev. Piv txwv li, cov neeg German tau hloov lub hauv qab ntawm lub tsev mus rau hauv lub bunker. Peb cov tub rog tau nkag los ntawm sab lossis tom qab, ua rau cov phab ntsa hauv qab daus (thiab qee zaum hauv pem teb ntawm thawj pem teb) thiab tom qab ntawd raug rho tawm ntau lub dav hlau los ntawm cov flamethrowers nyob ntawd.

Cov Germans lawv tus kheej tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev ntxiv cov arsenal ntawm kev ntaus rog engineer-sapper brigades. Nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1943, cov tub rog Nazi pib tau txais "Panzerfaust" (faust cartridges), uas cov neeg German rov qab mus rau ntau qhov ntau. Cov tub rog ntawm ShISBr tam sim ntawd pom ib qho kev siv rau lawv, vim hais tias faustpatron tuaj yeem siv los rhuav tshem tsis yog cov cuab yeej cuab tam, tab sis kuj yog phab ntsa. Interestingly, cov tub rog Soviet tuaj nrog ib tug tshwj xeeb portable khib uas tso cai rau lawv mus tua ib tug salvo ntawm 6-10 faust cartridges nyob rau tib lub sij hawm.

Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom siv tau yooj yim siv tau los tso tawm Soviet M-31 hnyav 300mm foob pob hluav taws. Lawv raug coj mus rau hauv qhov chaw, pw thiab raug rho tawm haujlwm nrog hluav taws ncaj qha. Piv txwv li, thaum lub sij hawm sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Lindenstrasse (Berlin), peb lub plhaub zoo li no tau raug rho tawm haujlwm ntawm lub tsev fortified. Cov pa luam yeeb ruins uas tseem tshuav ntawm lub tsev faus txhua tus neeg sab hauv.

Txhua yam ntawm amphibious transporters thiab tuam txhab uas muag ntawm flamethrower tso tsheb hlau luam tuaj los txhawb lub assault battalions nyob rau hauv 1944. Kev ua tau zoo thiab lub zog ntawm ShISBr, tus naj npawb ntawm cov uas tau nce mus rau 20 lub sijhawm ntawd, tau nce ntau heev. Txawm li cas los xij, kev ua tiav ntawm kev ua phem tub rog-sapper brigades, qhia thaum pib, ua rau kiv taub hau tiag tiag ntawm cov tub rog cov lus txib. Cov thawj coj muaj kev xav tsis ncaj ncees lawm tias cov tub rog tuaj yeem ua txhua yam thiab lawv tau pib xa mus rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm txhua qhov chaw ntawm sab xub ntiag, thiab feem ntau tsis muaj kev txhawb nqa los ntawm lwm ceg ntawm cov tub rog. Qhov no yog qhov yuam kev tuag.

Yog hais tias lub German txoj hauj lwm raug them los ntawm artillery hluav taws, uas tsis tau yav tas los raug tsuj, lub assault engineer-sapper brigades tau xyaum tsis muaj hwj chim. Tom qab tag nrho, tsis muaj teeb meem dab tsi kev cob qhia cov tub rog mus dhau los, lawv tsuas yog muaj kev cuam tshuam rau German shells li cov neeg nrhiav neeg. Qhov xwm txheej tseem phem dua thaum cov Germans tau tawm tsam lawv txoj haujlwm nrog lub tank counterattack - qhov no, cov tub rog tshwj xeeb raug kev puas tsuaj loj. Tsuas yog nyob rau lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1943, Lub Tsev Haujlwm tau tsim cov kev cai nruj rau kev siv cov tub rog sib ntaus sib tua: tam sim no ShISBr tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm cov phom loj, pab tub rog thiab cov tso tsheb hlau luam.

Lub vanguard ntawm kev quab yuam engineer-sapper brigades yog mine-clearing tuam txhab, suav nrog ib lub tuam txhab ntawm mine-nrhiav dev. Lawv tau ua raws li ShISBr thiab tshem tawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb rau cov tub rog ua ntej (qhov kawg kev tshem tawm ntawm thaj av poob rau ntawm lub xub pwg nyom ntawm lub rear sapper units). Steel bibs kuj tau siv los ntawm miners - nws paub tias sappers qee zaum ua yuam kev, thiab ob-millimeter steel tuaj yeem tiv thaiv lawv los ntawm kev tawg ntawm cov mines los tiv thaiv cov neeg. Nws yog yam tsawg kawg yog qee yam npog rau lub plab thiab lub hauv siab.

Kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv Konigsberg thiab Berlin, nrog rau kev txeeb ntawm lub fortifications ntawm Kwantung Army, tau los ua cov nplooj ntawv golden nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm kev quab yuam engineer-sapper brigades. Raws li cov kws tshuaj ntsuam xyuas tub rog, tsis muaj kev tawm tsam engineering tshwj xeeb, cov kev sib ntaus sib tua no yuav raug rub mus, thiab Tub Rog Liab yuav poob ntau tus tub rog.

Tab sis, hmoov tsis, nyob rau hauv 1946, lub cev tseem ceeb ntawm lub assault engineer-sapper brigades tau demobilized, thiab ces lawv tau disbanded ib tug los ntawm ib tug. Thaum xub thawj, qhov no tau ua kom yooj yim los ntawm kev ntseeg siab ntawm cov thawj coj tub rog hais tias Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib peb yuav yeej ua tsaug rau kev tawm tsam ntawm cov tub rog Soviet tank. Thiab tom qab lub ntsej muag ntawm riam phom nuclear, USSR General Cov Neeg Ua Haujlwm tau pib ntseeg tias tus yeeb ncuab yuav raug rhuav tshem los ntawm lub foob pob atomic. Thaj, nws tsis tshwm sim rau cov laus marshals tias yog dab tsi yuav ciaj sia thaum lub sij hawm nuclear cataclysm, nws yuav underground forts thiab bunkers. Tej zaum tsuas yog cov tub rog ua phem-sapper brigades tuaj yeem "qhib" lawv.

Cov tub rog tshwj xeeb ntawm Soviet tshwj xeeb tsuas yog tsis nco qab - yog li cov tiam tom ntej tseem tsis paub txog nws lub neej. Yog li ntawd, ib qho ntawm cov nplooj ntawv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab nthuav dav ntawm Great Patriotic War tau yooj yim tshem tawm.

Video ntawm lub ntsiab lus: