Photomontage thiab mysticism thaum kaj ntug ntawm kev yees duab

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Ib qho ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov kev xav tsis txaus ntseeg rau kev tsim duab thaij duab yog kev coj noj coj ua ntawm posthumous portraits, thoob plaws hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th.

"Tab sis tsis txhob tag nrho cov txuj ci tseem ceeb tshiab no daj ntseg nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws thiab txaus ntshai tshaj plaws ntawm lawv - ua ntej tus uas thaum kawg tau muab rau tib neeg (zoo li Vajtswv) muaj peev xwm tsim, paub txog tus dab uas tsis muaj pov thawj uas yaj hauv lub ntsais muag. lub qhov muag, tsis muaj duab ntxoov ntxoo hauv daim iav, thiab ripples ntawm cov dej saum npoo av?" - sau tus tswv ntawm kev yees duab portrait Felix Nadar txog kev yees duab ntau tshaj 100 xyoo dhau los.

Niaj hnub no nyob rau hauv Multimedia Art Tsev khaws puav pheej, Moscow nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm lub "Photobiennale-2020" exhibition "Qee yam tsis zoo. Ua haujlwm los ntawm kev sau los ntawm Antoine de Galbert ". Lub sijhawm ncua sij hawm ntawm kev sau cov duab yog 160 xyoo. Lub photomontage ntawm nruab nrab-19th caug xyoo tsim nyog tshwj xeeb mloog. nrog ib tug beheading scene.

Kev yees duab thiab kev tuag

Twb yog xyoo 1860 lawm. posthumous photography xaj ua ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam kws yees duab cov dej num. Lub snapshot ntawm tus neeg tuag tsis yog ib qho kev ceeb toom pom xwb, nws yog lub cev txuas ntxiv ntawm tus neeg ntawd. Tej zaum qhov kev piav qhia tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm lub tswv yim no yog kev yees duab tom qab tuag, uas tau tshwm sim nyob rau xyoo 1890. - Cov duab thaij thaum nws lub neej tau luam tawm nrog ntxiv ntawm cov khoom ntawm cov neeg tuag cov tshauv.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas kev yees duab tau los ua ib qho ntawm cov cuab yeej nyiam ntawm kev ntseeg dab qhuas, nrov heev thaum lub sijhawm ntawd, uas nws cov thwjtim tab tom nrhiav txoj hauv kev tshiab ntawm kev sib txuas lus nrog sab ntsuj plig, tom qab lub neej. Thiab nws yog qhov tseeb nrog kev yees duab sab ntsuj plig uas qhov kev vam meej tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm cov thev naus laus zis rau kev tswj hwm cov duab thaij duab, uas tau pib hauv nruab nrab-1850s, feem ntau cuam tshuam.

Thawj photomontage

Txaus siab rau manipulating cov duab yees tshwm sim ib txhij nrog lub invention ntawm photography nws tus kheej, tab sis cov kev complexity ntawm cov txheej txheem yees duab thaum ntxov ua rau nws tsis tshua muaj sij hawm siv. Mus txog rau xyoo 1850s. Tsuas yog thaj tsam ntawm daim ntawv thov rau kev luam ntawv ua ke (luam tawm los ntawm ob qhov tsis zoo) yog kev yees duab toj roob hauv pes - hauv cov duab coj los ntawm qhov qeeb shutter ceev xav tau thaum lub sijhawm, lub ntuj feem ntau tau tawg.

Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov kws yees duab tej zaum mechanically matched ob negatives thaum luam ntawv, ntxiv ib tug zoo lub ntuj rau ib tug ncaj ncees pom toj roob hauv pes. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, yog vim li cas siv photomontage yog counterintuitive - nws yog siv los ua kom tiav ntau dua realism.

Qhov ntau "muaj tswv yim" siv photomontage pib thaum xyoo 1850s, uas tuaj yeem raug ntaus nqi rau ntau yam. Ua ntej, nrog kev ua haujlwm thev naus laus zis, uas tau yooj yim heev rau nws siv thiab nthuav dav tus kws yees duab lub cuab yeej; Qhov thib ob, nrog rau kev hloov pauv ntawm kab lis kev cai - kev yees duab pib ua txuj ua yeeb yam, sab ntsuj plig tshwm sim, uas qhib tag nrho cov kev taw qhia, thiab qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, kev lag luam ntawm kev yees duab tshwm sim, uas dhau los ua rau pej xeem dav dav.

"Severed" taub hau

Los ntawm 1860s. dab tsi tom qab los ua lub npe hu ua "trick photography", uas yog, yees duab tricks. Thawj thawj zaug hauv nws keeb kwm, kev yees duab tau koom nrog hauv kev lag luam lom ze. Kev sim nrog qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm cov xov xwm tshiab, cov kws yees duab nyiam ua haujlwm tsim ua tsis tau, cov duab tsis meej.

Ib qho ntawm cov ntsiab lus nrov tshaj plaws (los ntawm kev siv yooj yim) yog decapitation. Los ntawm kev siv cov ntaub tsaus nti hauv qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg, cov kws yees duab tawm ib feem ntawm qhov tsis zoo thiab tom qab ntawd ua lwm yam duab rau nws - piv txwv thaum ntxov ntawm ntau qhov raug. Lawv tsim cov duab uas xav tsis thoob thiab ntxim nyiam nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, humorously ua si ntawm kev coj noj coj ua ntawm kev piav txog kev tuag uas tau tsim hauv kev yees duab.

Unknown author "Untitled", c. 1870. Source: Célia Pernot, Collection Antoine de Galbert, Paris

Unknown sau "Ib tug txiv neej juggling nws taub hau", c. 1880. Source: MAMM

Raws li thaum soj ntsuam daim npav ua kom yuam kev, tus saib pom tau tias nws tau raug dag, tab sis tsis paub yuav ua li cas. Nws tsis yog coincidence uas "trick photography" yog feem ntau hu ua tricks thiab illusions. Ib qho piv txwv yog 1897 phau ntawv Khawv koob: theem illusions thiab scientific diversions, nrog rau kev yees duab dag. Hom ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th. Kev ntseeg siab tiag tiag hauv kev yees duab raws li kev xav ntawm kev muaj tiag tsuas yog txhim kho cov nyhuv no.

Ib qho piv txwv ntawm "trick photography". Tau qhov twg los: Internet Archive / California Digital Library

Ib qho piv txwv ntawm "trick photography". Tau qhov twg los: Internet Archive / California Digital Library

Kev yees duab sab ntsuj plig, uas siv tib cov tswv yim, tab sis tsom rau cov neeg tuaj saib sib txawv kiag li, tab tom dhau los ua ib qho kev coj ua.

Thaum "kev yees duab dag" tau siv rau kev lom zem, ntau qhov kev txhaj tshuaj ntawm cov dab thiab dab tau txais kev pom zoo ntawm cov tswv yim nrov ntawm sab ntsuj plig - lub siab xav nkag mus rau thaj tsam ntawm lub cev kev xav thiab nkag mus rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog lub neej tom qab.

Kuj ceeb tias, qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev yees duab ntawm sab ntsuj plig tseem muaj kev sib tw txawm tias nyob rau xyoo pua 20th. Piv txwv li, Arthur Conan Doyle hauv xyoo 1922 tau luam tawm Cov Lus Tseeb hauv Kev Pom Zoo ntawm Kev Ntseeg Sab Ntsuj Plig, uas nws tau sib cav tias, txawm tias muaj coob tus neeg dag ntxias, ntau cov duab nrog dab yog qhov tseeb.

Arthur Conan Doyle hauv kev yees duab sab ntsuj plig, los ntawm Ada Dean, 1922. Source: MAMM

Raws li rau "trick photography", thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th. Qhov kev txav no tau loj hlob mus rau hauv kev lag luam loj rau kev tsim cov ntawv tshaj tawm comic.

Comic dluab raws li "trick photography". Source: MAM

Nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev, lawv cia siab tias yuav muaj cov kos duab surreal uas tshwm sim tom qab. Salvador Dali tau sau tias: Peb cov surrealists tig rov qab los ntawm kev kos duab zoo thiab tig mus rau daim ntawv tshaj tawm.

Nws yog lub feem ntau dynamic qhia ntawm collective nco ntsoov. Kev cuam tshuam ntawm daim ntawv xa ntawv yog qhov sib sib zog nqus thiab ruaj khov uas nws yog piv rau psychoanalysis. Lub Surrealist Revolution tau kho dua daim ntawv tshaj tawm - nrog rau kev sau ntawv tsis siv neeg, kev npau suav, kev npau taws thiab kev kos duab qub."

Xyoo 1920-1930s. avant-garde artists pib nrhiav kev tshoov siab hauv kev npau suav, fantasies thiab qhov tob ntawm qhov tsis nco qab: lub zog tshwm sim uas hu ua "surrealism". Thawj thawj zaug lo lus no tau siv los ntawm Guillaume Apollinaire hauv xyoo 1917. Txawm li cas los xij, twb tau 30 xyoo ua ntej qhov "official" tshwm sim ntawm surrealism, cov ntawv tshaj tawm tau tshwm sim, qhia txog kev xav zoo nkauj tshaj plaws thiab kev txawj ntse ntawm lawv cov neeg tsim.

Publisher N. P. G. ["New Photographic Society"], Lub teb chaws Yelemees, postmark - 1904. "Surrealistic illusionism. Photographic Fantasies ntawm Early 20th Century”. Tau qhov twg los: Finnish Museum of Photography

Daim ntawv tshaj tawm "surreal" tau xav txog kev tsim kho tshiab ntawm kev niaj hnub thiab txawm tias cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev hais lus thiab irony inherent hauv postmodernism. Tab sis qhov ntawd yog ib zaj dab neeg sib txawv kiag li.