Babi revolt nyob rau hauv Ivanovo, uas cov ntawv xov xwm nyob twj ywm

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Qhov no tshwm sim nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub kaum hli ntuj 1941 nyob rau hauv Ivanovo - nto moo "lub nroog ntawm brides" thiab ib tug loj center ntawm textile kev lag luam ntawm lub USSR. Tau kawg, qhov xwm txheej no tsis tau tshaj tawm hauv cov ntawv xov xwm.

Kev qias neeg heev nyob rau hauv cov hnub txaus ntshai ntawm Lub Kaum Hli 1941, cov lus ceeb toom ntawm Sovinformburo monotonously thiab dully tau tshaj tawm "kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv Mozhaisk, Maloyaroslavets thiab Kalinin cov lus qhia." Tsis muaj ib yam dab tsi tau sau txog "Ivanovo revolt" nyob rau xyoo tom ntej. Txawm tias niaj hnub no, tom qab yav dhau los archive ntawm Central Committee ntawm CPSU (tam sim no RGASPI, nyiaj 17, cov lus nug 88, cov ntaub ntawv 45) tau nthuav tawm ib qho ntawm nws cov lus zais, peb tsis tuaj yeem ntseeg tau tias nws txawv li cas (lossis, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, raug) cov xwm txheej no. tau.

Thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg xyoo 1941, tom qab kev khiav tawm ntawm kev tswj hwm ntawm Tib Neeg Lub Koom Haum ntawm Kev Lag Luam Textile los ntawm Moscow mus rau Ivanovo, lub nroog no thaum kawg tau hloov mus rau "lub nroog textile ntawm lub tebchaws". Tab sis nws tau ua phem heev nrog cov suitors: cov txiv neej tseem nyob hauv lub nroog (raws li nws tau pom tseeb los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas yuav muab hauv qab no) tsuas yog cov thawj coj, cov txiv neej zoo tib yam yuav luag tsis muaj kev zam rau hauv cov tub rog.

Nyob rau lub Cuaj Hli Ntuj thaum ntxov (cov ntaub ntawv tsis pub tsim kom muaj hnub tim) tus kws qhia Kozlov thiab tus thawj coj ntawm lub koom haum koom haum ntawm Central Committee ntawm CPSU (b) Sidorov xa mus rau Moscow ib daim ntawv nco txog "Ntawm qhov xwm txheej ntawm textile lag luam nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam Ivanovo.." Qhov teeb meem no tau ceeb heev, nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, pre-strike:

“… Tsis ntev los no, muaj cov hnab ntim khoom ntawm ib pawg neeg ua haujlwm uas yeem tawm haujlwm ua ntej hnub kawg ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Qhov tseeb no tau tshwm sim nyob rau ntawm peb lub tsev lag luam ntawm Vichugsky koog tsev kawm ntawv … ntawm ob lub chaw tsim khoom hauv cheeb tsam Furmanovsky. … thiab ntawm qee qhov chaw lag luam ntawm thaj av Ivanovo (dots tau hloov los ntawm cov npe ntev ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom loj uas ua haujlwm ntawm 7 mus rau 12 txhiab tus neeg. - MS). Cov neeg ua haujlwm nthuav tawm tsis txaus siab thiab qee zaum kev tawm tsam Soviet. Cov kev sib tham ib txwm muaj nyob rau hauv cov chaw ua haujlwm, dhau mus rau ib leeg, tias lawv tau tawm tsam ntawm qhov no lossis lub Hoobkas thiab tias lawv cov mov ci tau nce mus rau ib kilogram.

Ntawm lub rooj sib tham ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm lub Hoobkas. Nogina tus neeg ua haujlwm Kulakova tau hais tias: "Hitler tsis tau muab lub khob cij los ntawm kev quab yuam, peb muab rau nws tus kheej, tab sis tam sim no lawv tsis muab rau peb, lawv saib xyuas nws?" Tus neeg ua haujlwm Lobova tau hais hauv qab no: "Peb tshaib plab, tsis muaj zis ua haujlwm. Cov thawj coj tau txais nws hauv lub khw kaw, lawv tuaj yeem nyob tau. " Pom. craftsmen Sobolev thiab craftsman Kiselev (cov no tsuas yog ob tug txiv neej lub xeem, tag nrho cov lwm "pipers" yog poj niam) hais tias: "Yog hais tias peb raug coj mus rau hauv pab tub rog, peb yuav qhia cov communist yuav ua li cas kom peb tshaib plab." Ib tug neeg ua haujlwm ntawm Bolshevik spinning zeb hais rau cov neeg tawg rog Agapova: "Vajtswv cawm peb ntawm kev yeej ntawm Soviet lub hwj chim, thiab koj, cov neeg ntseeg, yuav raug nplua ntau dua."

Hais txog qhov tseeb ntawm "kev xav tsis zoo", nrog rau qee qhov laj thawj rau kev xav zoo li no ("muaj av tsis tuaj yeem hauv cov tsev noj mov, feem ntau cov tsev noj mov tsis muaj cisterns thiab mugs … qhov zoo ntawm cov zaub mov tsis tshua muaj, cov ntawv qhia zaub mov. Feem ntau muaj cov kua zaub khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khawm

"Qhia cov neeg tuav ntaub ntawv hauv cheeb tsam thiab pawg neeg hauv nroog … los hloov cov neeg tuav ntaub ntawv tsis muaj zog ntawm cov koom haum tog … los qhia cov thawj coj ntawm pawg neeg ntxhov siab los qhia cov neeg ua haujlwm lub luag haujlwm ntawm pawg thawj coj hauv cheeb tsam thiab pawg nroog … xa ib pab pawg. ntawm cov kws qhia ntawv tsim nyog thiab cov neeg hais lus los pab pawg pawg thawj coj hauv cheeb tsam …"

Nws tsis paub tias "pab pawg ntawm cov kws qhia tsim nyog" tau tswj hwm los txog hauv Ivanovo, txawm hais tias lawv tau tswj hwm los piav qhia rau cov neeg tshaib plab vim li cas thiaj li muaj "cov av tsis zoo hauv lub tsev noj mov, tab sis cov thawj coj tau txais nws hauv lub khw kaw."Tab sis ib yam dab tsi ntxiv yog paub tseeb: Lub Kaum Hli 2, cov tub rog German tau pib ua kev tawm tsam loj, thiab ib lub lim tiam tom qab ntau tshaj 60 Soviet pawg tau nyob ib puag ncig hauv ob lub cauldrons loj - ntawm Vyazma thiab Bryansk; Ib lub lim tiam tom qab ntawd, cov chaw kawg ntawm cov koom haum tiv thaiv ntawm cov neeg nyob ib puag ncig raug txwv, thaum Lub Kaum Hli 16, kev ceeb ntshai tshwm sim hauv Moscow, kev nyiag khoom ntawm cov khw thiab kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm cov pej xeem mus rau sab hnub tuaj raws txhua txoj kev nkag mus tau. Nyob rau hauv ib lo lus, raws nraim li cas tau pib ua ntej lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm Minsk, Smolensk, Pskov, Orel, Kharkov … Nws seemed me ntsis ntxiv - thiab lub nroog ntawm Moscow yuav tshwm sim nyob rau hauv no tragic daim ntawv teev.

Nyob rau hauv ib qho xwm txheej uas cov Germans breakthrough mus rau lub Volga, Yaroslavl thiab Nizhny Novgorod zoo li tiag tiag, nws tau txiav txim siab khiav tawm Ivanovo qhauj. Thiab ces qhov kev tawm tsam pib.

Lub Ivanovo Regional Committee ntawm All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks), ntxiv rau cov xov tooj, txiav txim siab nws yuav tsum tau qhia rau Central Committee ntawm lub Communist Party (Bolsheviks) kom paub meej ntxiv txog qhov tseeb ntawm kev tawm tsam tawm tsam Soviet. Kev kub ntxhov tau tshwm sim hauv nroog Ivanovo ntawm Melange Combine, ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom muaj npe tom qab Dzerzhinsky, lawv. Balashov thiab, rau ib yam dab tsi, nyob rau hauv lub Krasnaya Zvezda Hoobkas, raws li zoo raws li nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Privolzhsk ntawm lub Yakovlevsky Flax Mill.

Cov xwm txheej zoo tshaj plaws yog cov xwm txheej ntawm Melange Combine. Tsis muaj kev piav qhia ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm cov teeb meem khiav tawm. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, thaum Lub Kaum Hli 18, cov neeg ua haujlwm, tau tuaj ua haujlwm thaum 6 teev sawv ntxov, pom ib feem ntawm cov khoom siv tshem tawm hauv cov khw … Muaj suab nrov thiab qw: "Cov cuab yeej yuav raug tshem tawm, thiab peb yuav raug tso tseg tsis ua haujlwm. Peb yuav tsis cia koj disassemble thiab tshem tawm cov cuab yeej "…

Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb thiab tsis sib haum xeeb, lub rooj sib tham ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm raug hu. Lub rooj sib tham pib thaum 2 teev tsaus ntuj. Tus tuav ntaub ntawv ntawm lub nroog pawg neeg, phooj ywg Taratynov, tus tuav ntaub ntawv ntawm lub regional committee, comrade Lukoyanov, tus tuav ntaub ntawv ntawm lub Kirovsky koog tsev kawm ntawv pawg, comrade Veseloye, thiab tus thawj coj ntawm cov nroj tsuag, comrade Chastukhin (nws yog tsim nyog them sai sai mus rau lub fact tias. ntawm no thiab tom qab ntawd txhua tus thawj coj yog txiv neej). Ib tug neeg taug kev tshuab, ib tug tswv cuab ntawm Buteneva tog, coj hauv pem teb thiab hais hauv nws cov lus hais tias: "Yog tias koj thov txim rau cov tshuab, koj yuav tsum xub tshem tawm cov tsev neeg. Peb yuav tsis cia koj tshem tawm cov khoom siv. " Ib pab pawg neeg koom nrog kev tawm tsam tau pib tawg lub thawv ntawm cov khoom siv nrog axes thiab rauj.

Thaum sawv ntxov Lub Kaum Hli 19, cov xwm txheej ntawm cov nroj tsuag tau pib ua rau tus cwj pwm mob hnyav dua. Thaum txog 9 teev sawv ntxov, tib pab pawg neeg weavers pib tsoo lub thawv khoom dua. Kev sim tawm tsam, ua los ntawm cov thawj coj ntawm cov nroj tsuag, tsis ua rau muaj dab tsi. Ntau tus poj niam ua haujlwm tau pib tawm haujlwm.

Kwv yees li 150 tus neeg tau tsoo mus rau hauv lub chaw ua haujlwm ntawm lub taub hau ntawm lub tshuab spinning, Rastrigin, uas tau khiav tawm ntawm lawv thiab nkaum hauv qhov kev xaiv hauv qab ib daim ntaub. Lub taub hau ntawm lub tuam txhab weaving, Nikolayev, kuj tau khiav mus tsev, ntshai ntawm kev hem kom tua nws vim hais lus tsis zoo rau cov neeg ua haujlwm. Tus tuav ntaub ntawv ntawm lub regional committee, comrade T.

Ntau tshaj 1000 tus neeg ua haujlwm, feem ntau yog poj niam, tau sib sau ua ke hauv thaj chaw ntawm tsob ntoo. Tus tuav ntaub ntawv ntawm pawg thawj coj hauv cheeb tsam, tus phooj ywg Paltsev, uas tau hais ntawm no, tshaj tawm qhov kev txiav tawm ntawm kev rhuav tshem cov khoom siv (hauv qab los ntawm kuv - MS) thiab tau muab qhov kev txiav txim kom pib sib sau cov tshuab uas twb muaj lawm. Ntau tus neeg tam sim no tau txais tos cov lus no nrog kev pom zoo … Qee tus neeg ua haujlwm tau pib ua haujlwm hmo ntuj, thiab thaum Lub Kaum Hli 20, tag nrho cov nroj tsuag pib ua haujlwm.

Thaum pib ntawm lub dismantling ntawm cov cuab yeej siv los provoke riots ntawm lub Hoobkas. Dzerzhinsky thiab ntawm Dmitrievskaya manufactory muaj npe tom qab Balashova … Lub kaum hli ntuj 19, tus tuav ntaub ntawv ntawm lub tog bureau ntawm lub Hoobkas. Dzerzhinsky Filippov pib piav qhia rau cov neeg ua haujlwm vim li cas cov cuab yeej raug tshem tawm, tab sis ib tus neeg ua haujlwm tau qw: "Cia cov cuab yeej nyob hauv qhov chaw, thiab yog Hitler tuaj, peb yuav ua haujlwm rau nws." Tom qab ntawd Filippov hais tias: "Peb yuav tsis tso dab tsi rau Hitler, peb yuav rhuav tshem nws nrog peb tus kheej tes, peb yuav tawg lub Hoobkas." Cov lus no tau txais tam sim ntawd los ntawm tus provocateurs. Kev qw thiab kev ntxhov siab tau pib. Ib pawg ntawm cov neeg tsis paub meej tau pib ua rau lawv tus kheej nrog cov khoom siv thiab cov tshuab ua haujlwm thiab maj nrawm mus tuav Filippov thiab tus tuav ntaub ntawv ntawm tog chaw ua haujlwm Graboch-kin …

Cov neeg thom khwm, ntxias los ntawm cov neeg tawm tsam, tau thov cov hauv qab no: Peb yuav tsis mus rau pem hauv ntej ua haujlwm! Ntxiv 100 grams ntawm qhob cij rau koj noj hmo! Muab pub dawb.

chaw tsim khoom!" Cov neeg tawm tsam, cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm pawg thawj coj saib xyuas hauv nroog thiab pawg thawj coj hauv nroog ntawm All-Union Communist Party ntawm Bolsheviks tau piav qhia rau cov neeg ua haujlwm txog qhov tsis raug ntawm cov lus xaiv uas tau nthuav tawm los ntawm cov neeg tawm tsam. Teb rau qhov no, cov neeg qw nrov nrov: "Tsis txhob mloog lawv, lawv tus kheej tsis paub dab tsi, lawv tau dag peb tau 23 xyoos. Lawv lawv tus kheej khiav tawm lawv tsev neeg, thiab lawv nchuav peb rau ntawm kev ua haujlwm ua ntej."

Cov kev tawm tsam hauv nroog Privolzhsk tau tshwm sim los ntawm kev txiav txim siab los txhawb 4,000 tus neeg los tsim txoj siv tiv thaiv hauv thaj tsam ntawm Ivanovo. Ntawm cov chaw ua haujlwm ntawm cov nroj tsuag flax, tsis muaj kev piav qhia, lawv pib kos cov npe ntawm cov neeg mob, suav nrog cov tub ntxhais hluas hnub nyoog 16 xyoo, cov neeg laus thiab cov niam nrog ntau tus menyuam, uas ua rau cov neeg ua haujlwm tsis txaus siab … Ntawm qhov Thaum sawv ntxov Lub Kaum Hli 20, ib pab pawg neeg ua haujlwm ntawm lub Hoobkas Rogachev tau tawm haujlwm thiab tawm mus rau lub tsev ua haujlwm. Cov thawj coj ntawm lub Hoobkas tau tsis meej pem, Party Bureau tus tuav ntaub ntawv Vasiliev khiav tawm ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm los ntawm lub vaj mus rau lub chaw ua haujlwm spinning … Ib pawg ntawm 200-300 tus neeg taug kev hauv nroog txoj kev mus rau Yakovlevskaya thiab Vasilievskaya cov chaw ua haujlwm kom coj cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm no. cov lag luam tawm mus rau hauv txoj kev. Hauv cov neeg coob coob, qw nrov nrov: "Peb yuav tsis mus rau pem hauv ntej ua haujlwm!"

Tom ntej no yog dab tsi? Tab sis tsis muaj dab tsi. Ntxiv mus - silence, raws li Danish tus huab tais Hamlet tau hais. Nrog lub suab qw nrov nrov, cov neeg coob coob ntawm qaug zog, cov poj niam tshaib plab tau tawg mus rau lawv lub tsev. Ib qho chaw nyob rau tib hnub, qhov chaw ntawm qhov thib ob lossis thib peb. Thiab lawv tsis cia siab tias yuav muaj "Hitler txiv", tab sis qee lub sijhawm txawm tias lawv tsis muaj qhov kawg, lub ntiaj teb ua siab ntev ntawm ib tug poj niam Lavxias tsuas tawg. Lawv tau nkees ntawm 10-teev hnub ua haujlwm, ntawm kev dag tsis tu ncua ntawm cov txiv neej noj zaub mov zoo, ntawm kev qaug zog, tsis muaj kev ntshai rau cov txiv uas mus rau pem hauv ntej, ntawm kev quaj ntawm cov menyuam tshaib plab thiab tsis hnav khaub ncaws. Tab sis txawm nyob rau hauv lawv "kev npau taws ntawm kev poob siab", Ivanovo weavers tsis mus dhau qhov kev thov rau "100 grams ntawm mov noj hmo" thiab guaranteed txoj cai txhua txhua hnub ntawm 6 teev sawv ntxov factories. Cov poj niam me me ua suab nrov, cuam tshuam lawv qhov kev phem ntawm tus tuav ntaub ntawv ntawm Party bureau, comrade Filippov, uas tau poob rau hauv lub kub tes, thiab dispersed.

Tab sis tsis yog txhua tus tau tso cai mus tsev yooj yim heev. Cov tub ceev xwm tau nkag los ntawm hauv qab "tarpaulin hauv kev sib cais", rov qab los ntawm thawj qhov kev ntshai thiab coj lawv cov lag luam li ib txwm - rau txim.

"Lub tuam tsev hauv cheeb tsam ntawm NKVD tab tom siv cov kev ntsuas tsim nyog los cais tawm cov ntsiab lus tawm tsam Soviet … Lub tsev hais plaub tub rog tau txiav txim siab txog cov xwm txheej ntawm ib pab pawg neeg koom nrog kev tawm tsam ntawm Melange Combine thiab raug txim S, E., S, G., Ya. Mus rau 10 xyoo nyob rau hauv tsev lojcuj, txhua tus tsis tsim nyog rau 5 xyoo, thiab D. raug txim rau lub txim loj - tua. Cov tub ceev xwm ntawm lub tsev hais plaub thiab tus kws lij choj lub chaw ua haujlwm kuj tseem siv zog rau kev foob rau kev tshaj tawm cov lus hais tawm tsam …"

Thiab qhov kawg. Koj, ntawm chav kawm, nug - koj tau ua dab tsi nrog tus tuav ntaub ntawv ntawm pawg thawj coj hauv cheeb tsam, Comrade Paltsev, uas cuam tshuam kev ua tiav ntawm GKO tsab cai ntawm kev khiav tawm ntawm lub Hoobkas? Tsis muaj ib yam dab tsi ua rau nws, tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog nws, Comrade Paltsev, uas tau sau tag nrho cov lus qhia saum toj no rau Central Committee ntawm All-Union Communist Party ntawm Bolsheviks. Thiab qhov no yog to taub thiab qhov chaw txawm tias yog. Lub luag hauj lwm comrades tsis xav tau cov cav tov, tab sis lub submissiveness ntawm cov neeg ua hauj lwm, uas txuas nrog rau cov cav tov. Cas tus neeg txo hwj chim. Ntiv tes thiab muab, deftly knocking down nthwv dej ntawm kev tawm tsam nrog kev cog lus kom tsis txhob rhuav tshem cov cuab yeej …