Nuclear Metallurgy ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th. Saburovskaya fortress

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Yog tias yav dhau los muaj kev lag luam tsim, ces cov khoom qub qub nyob qhov twg, cov chaw tsim khoom, cov tshuab, cov cuab yeej siv tshuab, cov cuab yeej siv dav dav nyob qhov twg? Ntawm no nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab hais tias ib tug cuav stereotype raug yuam rau peb, txij li thaum peb tsis pom ib yam dab tsi, ces nws tsis muaj nyob rau hauv tag nrho, thiab yeej tsis tshwm sim. Qhov tseeb tias qhov stereotype no tsis tseeb yog yooj yim to taub los ntawm cov piv txwv ntawm huab cua - qhov tseeb tias peb tsis pom huab cua tsis txhais hais tias tsis muaj huab cua.

Txawm li cas los xij, koj tuaj yeem pom huab cua ntawm qhov muag liab qab: piv txwv li, hla hluav taws lossis lub rhaub, koj tuaj yeem pom huab cua sov li cas. Yog li, txhawm rau pom qee yam tsis pom nyob rau hauv ib qho xwm txheej, peb yuav tsum siv cov cuab yeej siv ntxiv, lossis tsuas yog saib ntawm lub kaum sab xis sib txawv.

Hauv tsab xov xwm “Peb lub tuam tsev yog dab tsi? Cov lus teb tau pom, peb sim txheeb xyuas qhov twg lawv tuaj yeem ua tau, muaj cov chaw ua haujlwm yav dhau los: cib, metallurgical, thiab lwm yam. Ntawm no kuv xav kom nco ntsoov tam sim ntawd kuv tsis tau hais tias kiag li tag nrho cov pawg ntseeg yog factories, los ntawm txoj kev, thiab kuv yeej tsis tau hais tias thaum twg. Hauv tsab xov xwm ntawd, tsuas yog cov khoom tau qhia tshwj xeeb, uas, hauv kuv lub tswv yim, yog cov khoom lag luam.

Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj qhov tseem ceeb yog cov lus nug ntawm cov khoom siv thev naus laus zis ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom, cov cuab yeej siv tshuab, cov kav dej thiab lwm yam. Txhawm rau kom nkag siab tias cov cuab yeej no nyob qhov twg, kuv yuav muab qee qhov piv txwv yooj yim:

Thawj yog lub industrialization ntawm lub 30s ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th. Tom qab ntawd cov tsheb laij teb tuaj rau hauv lub zos los hloov cov nees. Tam sim no kuv tsis muab qhov kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm cov qauv kev sib raug zoo ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd, kuv tsuas yog nug cov lus nug - cov tsheb laij teb nyob qhov twg? Los yog lawv tsis yog? Los yog tsis muaj industrialization txhua?

Soviet tsheb laij teb STZ-1

Qhov piv txwv thib ob yog qhov yooj yim me ntsis. Ob leeg kuv yawm txiv tau tawm tsam, mus txog Berlin, thiab tias Kev Tsov Rog Loj Loj yog, thiab qhov txaus ntshai ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog no, kuv tus kheej tsis paub los ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab, tab sis cov phooj ywg, cia kuv nug, qhov twg yog qhov puas tsuaj German tso tsheb hlau luam, los ntawm cov teb ntawm lub teb chaws. Great Patriotic War?

Ua kom puas German tanks

Nyob rau hauv ntau lub tsev cia puav pheej, nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov khoom pov thawj, muaj units ntawm German tso tsheb hlau luam, tab sis muaj pes tsawg tus tsim? Los yog tsis muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua tank? Lossis txawm yog Great Patriotic War? Yog hais tias koj ua raws li cov logic, vim kuv tsis pom qhov no, nws txhais tau hais tias qhov no tsis yog li ntawd, ces peb yuav los xaus lus tias tag kis lub teb chaws Yelemees yuav nthuav qhia peb nrog rau daim nqi rau kev tawm tsam thiab kev ua haujlwm.

Qhov thib peb piv txwv, los ntawm peb lub sijhawm. Thiab qhov twg yog cov cuab yeej uas tau koom nrog hauv kev tshem tawm ntawm Chernobyl kev sib tsoo? Los yog tsis muaj technology nyob ntawd? Los yog tsis muaj xwm txheej nws tus kheej?

Cov khoom pov tseg hauv Chernobyl

Qhov thib plaub piv txwv, qhov twg cov khoom siv ntawm lub Soviet factories, uas tau kaw nyob rau hauv lub 90s ntawm lub xyoo pua XX? Hauv ntau lub chaw tsim khoom, txoj cai hauv khw, hauv peb lub sijhawm, tsev so, chaw ua haujlwm, chaw ua lag luam thiab lwm qhov chaw lag luam me me kev lom zem yog npaj. Qhov uas muaj factories, tsuas yog 30 xyoo dhau los, cov tub ntxhais hluas, qee zaum txawm tsis paub.

Lub tsev qub ntawm Tulaspirt cog. Tam sim no nws muaj tsev cafes, tsev noj mov, khw thiab leisure chaw.

Cov phooj ywg, kuv yuav teb tag nrho cov piv txwv no ib zaug: txhua yam tau muab pov tseg, txhua yam tau yaj thiab rov siv dua. Cov khoom siv hlau tsuas yog mus rau qhov seem, qhov twg raws li txoj kev npaj hloov cov khoom qub, qhov twg raws li txoj kev npaj tshem tawm thaj chaw, thiab qhov twg lawv tsuas yog plundered. Tom qab tag nrho, nws yooj yim dua rau yaj seem dua li kuv cov ore, ntxiv rau nws, thauj nws, thiab lwm yam, ntau cov ntaub ntawv raw nyob ib puag ncig, uas yog, cov hlau seem, txawm tias nyob rau hauv peb lub sijhawm, muaj ntau tshaj li txaus. Koj pom, yog peb coj los ua lub hauv paus - peb tsis pom qhov no, ces nws tsis tshwm sim, qhov no yog txoj kev mus rau qhov twg. Kuv vam tias, raws li cov piv txwv no, koj nkag siab tias muaj dab tsi tshwm sim rau cov khoom siv ntawm Soviet era.

Tib yam tshwm sim nrog technology nyob rau hauv lub post-apocalypse lub sij hawm. Yog tias, vim li cas, cov txheej txheem no tsis ua haujlwm: tsis muaj roj, cov khoom siv raw, cov kws tshaj lij, thiab thaum kawg tsis muaj qhov xav tau, cov txheej txheem no tsuas yog disassembled rau hauv cov khoom thiab ua tiav rau hauv qhov xav tau ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd - edged riam phom thiab kev ua liaj ua teb. cuab yeej. Los ntawm txoj kev, lo lus "peb yuav ntaus ntaj rau hauv ploughshares" tau siv txij thaum ntawd los. Yog, thiab tsis txhob hnov qab txog sau nrog av. Nws yog qhov tsis ncaj ncees rau kev ntseeg tias qhov seem ntawm cov cuab yeej siv thaum ub yuav nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw. Txhua yam uas tau dag nyob rau saum npoo tau ntev mus rau hauv kev lag luam, tab sis nrhiav ib yam dab tsi hauv av, ntawm chav kawm, tseem ua tau, tab sis muab qhov nrov ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav hlau, nws yog qhov nyuaj dua los ua qhov no.

Thiab niaj hnub no cov phooj ywg, kuv xav qhia koj qhov chaw uas melting ntawm cov khoom hlau ntawm yav dhau los era tau nqa tawm. Tam sim no, qhov chaw no tau raug hu ua Saburovskaya fortress, thiab nws nyob 10 kilometers ntawm lub nroog Oryol. Raws li koj mus dhau ntawm tsab xov xwm, koj yuav nkag siab tias yog vim li cas, hauv kuv lub tswv yim, nws yog cov khoom siv hlau. Thiab tam sim no cia peb tsis tau ua ntej ntawm peb tus kheej, cia peb kawm txhua yam nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim, pib, raws li niaj zaus, luv luv official keeb kwm yav dhau:

Xaus ntawm keeb kwm keeb kwm luv luv

Daim ntawv qhia txuas

Thaum koj pib kawm qhov seem ntawm cov tsev thiab keeb kwm ntawm Saburovskaya fortress, muaj ntau cov lus nug tshwm sim tam sim ntawd, uas yog:

1. Lub xub ntiag ntawm daim duab peb sab pyramids nyob ze lub tsev teev ntuj thiab cov txheej txheem virtuoso masonry. Cov ces kaum coj mus rau sab hauv ntawm lub fortress yog sib npaug.
2. Tsis pom ib feem ntawm lub hauv paus. Thaum kuaj xyuas ib qho qauv, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, kuv ib txwm saib xyuas qhov loj ntawm cov cib, qhov zoo ntawm cov masonry, lub masonry mortar thiab muaj lub hauv paus thiab waterproofing. Tab sis nyob rau hauv lub Saburovskaya fortress, lub hauv paus tsis pom. Tsis nyob rau hauv lub fortress phab ntsa, tsis nyob rau hauv lub yees, tsis nyob rau hauv lub pyramids, nyob qhov twg. Cov hauv paus, tau kawg, yog nyob rau hauv qhov tob ntawm lub ntiaj teb, qhov chaw tob heev, tab sis lawv tsis pom ntawm qhov chaw, nrog rau kev tsis muaj dej tsis pom. Ntxiv mus, los ntawm cov duab, koj yuav rov pom qhov no rau koj tus kheej.
3. Qhov chaw no tau hloov npe ntau zaus. Lub zos ntawm Saburovo yav dhau los kuj hu ua Kamenskoye thiab Andrianovo. Siv rau cov ntawv qub qub: rau 1785, thiab rau 1816.
4. Tsis meej pem kev sib tham. Tsis muaj hnub rau kev tsim kho ntawm lub fortress, nws tsis paub tias tus kws kes duab vajtse yog leej twg thiab nws raug nqi npaum li cas los tsim lub manor. Cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm qhia peb tias tus tswv ntawm thaj av, Mikhail Fedotovich Kamensky, tus kheej saib xyuas kev tsim kho. Tab sis nws tsis yog tus kws tsim qauv, tab sis yog tub rog tub rog, feem ntau, nws tuaj yeem hais tias nws yuav tsum zoo li cas, thiab txhua qhov kev suav yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm tus kws ua haujlwm. Muaj cov hnub tsim kho tsis meej nyob rau xyoo 1790s - thaum ntxov 1800s thiab cov ntaub ntawv uas lub zos tau pauv mus rau Kamensky los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm Empress Elizabeth Petrovna. Thiab tom qab ntawd, vim li cas lub zos Andrianovo tau hais hauv xyoo 1678, thiab Andrianovs tsuas yog muaj txij li xyoo 1721?
5. Cov cuab yeej cuab tam no tau muaj los ntawm cov neeg keeb kwm xws li boyar Miloslavsky thiab Tub Vaj Ntxwv Alexander Menshikov, tab sis tsuas yog tsis muaj ntaub ntawv hais tias lawv nyob ntawm no, tias lawv tau tsim ib yam dab tsi. Pom tau tias cov txiv neej tau siv hmo ntuj nyob hauv lub laub, lossis lawv tsis tau mus txog lub zos.
6. Colossal ntim ntawm cib rau kev tsim kho ntawm tag nrho cov qauv. Raws li txoj cai, peb tau hais txog 14 lub tsev cib, tab sis lawv nyob qhov twg, thiab muaj pes tsawg lub cib raug tsim, tsis muaj ntaub ntawv, thiab kev thauj mus los yuav tsum tsis muaj lus tso dag.
7. Raws li lub official version, lub fortress tau ua raws li tag nrho cov cai ntawm fortification. Thiab qhov no tsis yog qhov tseeb kiag li. Nws yuav yog qhov tseeb dua hais tias lub fortress tau tsim tawm tsam tag nrho cov kev cai ntawm fortification, vim hais tias yog hais tias nws yog ib tug tub rog fortress, thiab, muab tso rau nws tsuas yog 800 meters rau sab qaum teb-sab hnub tuaj, nws yuav muaj kev tiv thaiv ntuj los ntawm peb. sab, nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug dej, thiab yog hais tias lub fortress twb muab tso rau zoo li no Yog li, muaj ib tug choj rau lub deployment ntawm siege riam phom thiab ua phem tub rog. Nws yog tseeb hais tias qhov no tsis yog ib tug tiag tiag fortress, tab sis tsuas yog ib tug imitation, tab sis koj yuav tsum lees tias imitation yog phem.

Qhov chaw tsis raug ntawm lub fortress, nrog rau li ntawd. kev tiv thaiv

Ntawd yog, sau tag nrho cov lus nug rau qhov chaw no, qhov kuv xav hais: cov tub ceev xwm tsis paub yuav piav qhia txog cov khoom no li cas, yog li lawv tuaj nrog cov lus dab neeg zoo li no - tus tswv xav tau, thiab tsim nws "hauv daim duab thiab zoo li."

Txawm li cas los xij, kuv yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias qee lub tsev yog qhov qub heev. Yuav ua li cas nws yog Ameslikas, tam sim no nws yog twb nyuaj, yog hais tias tsis yooj yim sua, hais. Txhua yam khoom ntawm lub fortress tsim nyog tau txais kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb, thiab tau kawm nyob rau hauv txoj kev zoo tshaj plaws, tab sis tam sim no, thiaj li tsis mus rub tawm tsab xov xwm, nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev ncig xyuas, tsuas yog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yuav muab.

Peb yuav tshuaj xyuas hauv kev txiav txim thiab pib nrog cov pyramids. Thawj qhov uas ua rau koj lub qhov muag pom yog tias cov pyramids nyob ze ntawm lub tuam tsev, uas, los ntawm txoj kev, tab tom rov tsim kho, tab sis lub fortress tau poob sib nrug.

Saburovskaya fortress. Pyramids nyob ze lub tuam tsev

Saburovskaya fortress. Pyramids nyob ze lub tuam tsev

Qhov ntev ntawm lub pyramid bricks yog 240x110x60, uas yog txawm tsawg tshaj li niaj hnub qauv. Nyob rau hauv cov duab, qhov no yog daim duab peb sab pyramid - ib txwm tetrahedron, uas yog, tag nrho nws lub ntsej muag yog equilateral daim duab peb sab.

Saburovskaya fortress. Pyramids nyob ze lub tuam tsev

Cov phooj ywg, kuv ib txwm xav txog cov lus nug, yog vim li cas, yog lub pyramid, puas yog qhov dej khov? Vim li cas ho tsis yog lub dome, pob, lub voos xwmfab, lossis tsuas yog lub ru tsev tiaj tus xwb? Vim li cas lub pyramid hu ua glacier?

Saburovskaya fortress. Sab hauv pyramid

Raws li txoj cai, ob qho tib si pyramids yog ua tib yam: daim duab peb sab vaults, ib tug facet coj mus rau sab qaum teb-sab hnub poob, raws lub fortress phab ntsa. Lub kaum sab xis ntawm txhua lub pyramids yog qhia hauv lub fortress.

Saburovskaya fortress. Pyramids nyob ze lub tuam tsev. Rounded ces kaum

Thiab nyob rau ntawm phab ntsa, cov ces kaum yog ntse. Hloov cov ces kaum, los ntawm txoj kev, yog ntau nyuaj rau quav dua li cov ces kaum ntse. Rau kev ua haujlwm zoo li no (ib daim duab peb sab tsis tu ncua nrog ib lub ces kaum sib npaug), cov kws tshaj lij ntawm cov txuj ci siab tshaj plaws yog xav tau, thiab cov no tau meej meej tsis yog serfs. Thiab xws li ib tug hniav nyiaj hniav kub ua hauj lwm tau ua tsuas yog rau lub hom phiaj ntawm lub tub yees?

Saburovskaya fortress. Pyramids nyob ze lub tuam tsev

Sab saum toj pyramidal, dub, zoo ib yam li tau npog nrog ib txheej ntawm carbon los yog bitumen. Cov qhov uas zoo li qhov khoob yog qhia tshwj xeeb rau sab hauv ntawm lub fortress.

"Loopholes" nyob rau hauv lub pyramid

Nruab nrab ntawm lawv tus kheej, cov pyramids txuas nrog lub rampart, uas yog tej zaum cov seem ntawm phab ntsa fortress. Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog theem ntawm av nyob ib ncig ntawm txhua lub pyramid.

Hauv av theem, nyob ib ncig ntawm lub pyramids

Yog hais tias nws yog nyob rau hauv lub pyramid, ces cov av yog sab nraum, nyob rau hauv lub theem ntawm lub taub hau, los yog txawm siab dua, thaum nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub pyramids, muaj ib tug poob downward.

Qhob pem teb, nyob rau hauv ib qho ntawm cov pyramids

Nyob rau hauv lub thib ob pyramid, hauv pem teb twb txawm concreted, tej zaum ib tug neeg twb tau poob lawm. Cov phab ntsa cib, tuaj ncaj nraim hauv av thiab tsis muaj lub hauv paus thiab tsis muaj dej tsis muaj dej, paub meej tias hauv qab no, cov phab ntsa tseem txuas ntxiv mus.

Foundation thiab waterproofing tsis pom

Foundation thiab waterproofing tsis pom

Hauv txhua lub tsev, qhov hluav taws xob tom qab raug ntsuas. Hauv cov pyramids, sab hauv thiab sab nraud, nws yog 0.15-0.17 μSv / h. Nws yog keeb kwm yav dhau los, tsis muaj Chernobyl hluav taws xob, peb yuav nco ntsoov qhov no.

Radiation theem nyob rau hauv lub pyramid

Cov khoom tom ntej: Gothic-style West Ntauwd.

Saburovskaya fortress. West Ntauwd "Xov"

Saburovskaya fortress. West Ntauwd "Xov"

Peb pom tib lub kaum sab xis. Lub pej thuam nws tus kheej yog ib daim duab plaub nrog lub dome puag ncig. Sab hauv, mus rau sab xis ntawm qhov nkag, muaj ib lub niche.

Embossed niche, nyob rau sab xis ntawm qhov nkag mus rau lub pej thuam

Ntauwd qhov rais, "saib" hauv lub fortress

Txhua lub qhov rais ntawm tus pej thuam saib sab hauv lub fortress. Cov cib tuaj ncaj nraim hauv av thiab rov tsis muaj dej tsis muaj dej.

Foundation thiab waterproofing tsis pom

Cov hluav taws xob tom qab sab hauv yog 0, 15-0, 18 μSw / h, txhua yam zoo li qub.

Radiation theem nyob rau sab hnub poob ntauwd

Ua ntej. Raws li txoj cai, lub tsev no hu ua Guard House. Nws tseem yog hu ua "Pugachev Ntauwd", liam tias hauv nws, tom qab kev ntes, muaj Emelyan Pugachev.

Saburovskaya fortress. Security House (Pugachevskaya Ntauwd)

Thiab lub tsev no tseem nthuav ntau dua li cov pyramids. Raws li lub official version, lub tsev manor yog nyob rau hauv qhov chaw, qhov twg tam sim no muaj ib tug hav zoov, thiab lub tsev peb-zaj dabneeg no yog ib tug neeg zov tsev.

Security lub tsev thiab manor tsev. Daim ntawv qhia txuas

Ntawd yog, lub tsev ntawm tus tswv ntawm lub vaj tse tsis tau muaj sia nyob, tab sis lub tsev zov me nyuam tau dim. Ci ntsa iab! Raws li cov kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm, "Lub Tsev Kev Ruaj Ntseg" tsis muaj hauv qab daus, thiab lub tsev yog nyob ntawm thaj av loj. Tam sim no cia saib rau peb tus kheej.

Lub tsev ruaj ntseg. Qhov rooj tawg

Thawj qhov uas peb pom yog lub qhov rooj hauv ntej yog hollowed. Tej zaum ua ntej, muaj lub qhov rais me me, thiab tsis nyob hauv nruab nrab. Tab sis qhov tseeb hais tias qhov qhib no yog punched thiab mus rau sab yuav pom meej meej. Ces lub qhov rooj nyob qhov twg?

Sab hauv lub tsev tiv thaiv

Cov phooj ywg, thov nco ntsoov tias tsis muaj cua sov hauv lub tsev! Peb kuj pom tias muaj ib qho hauv pem teb ntawm no, ua los ntawm cov slabs ntawm ntau qhov sib txawv thiab cov ntaub ntawv, ntau dua los ntawm cov khib nyiab. Interestingly, lwm tus yees tsis muaj pem teb. Huag yog, qhov no yog lub tsev zov me nyuam, yog li muaj ib qho mosaic ntawm cov nplais ntawm marble lined ntawm no.

Tseem tshuav ntawm ib lub mosaic pem teb

Lossis puas tseem muaj pem teb hauv qab no, uas tsuas yog concreted, zoo li hauv lub pyramid? Nyob rau ntawm phab ntsa peb pom cov pa roj carbon deposits. Uas yog, tom qab ib yam dab tsi hlawv ntawm no, lawv tseem xav plaster nws.

Tua carbon deposits

Qhov loj ntawm cov cib yog 275x120x70, sib haum rau thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th. Lawv qhov loj me txawv ntawm qhov loj ntawm cov pyramid cib. Ntawm cov ntaiv hauv phab ntsa ua rau sab saum toj, cov hluav taws xob tom qab yog 0.29-0.32 μSv / h. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam, raws li peb nco ntsoov, nws yog 0, 10-0, 15 μSv / h.

Radiation theem ntawm tus ntaiv hauv Lub Tsev Saib Xyuas Kev Ruaj Ntseg

Peb saib lub tsev no los ntawm sab nraud. Raws li ib txwm muaj, lub ntiaj teb cib thiab ib lub ces kaum sib npaug pom.

Foundation thiab waterproofing tsis pom

Rau tag nrho cov kev zoo nkauj ntawm lub tsev, lub arches ntawm lub qhov rais saib heev crooked, raws li yog hais tias lawv tau xuas nrig ntaus nyob rau hauv lub tiav phab ntsa, thiab twb los ntawm lub qhov rais, tawg mus.

Qhov rai tawg

Tej zaum muaj qhov nyob ntawm no ua ntej, tej zaum txawm qhov rais, tab sis tam sim no yog dab tsi yog kom meej meej hollowed tom qab thiab tsuas yog stylized raws li ib tug Gothic arch, ces, nyob rau hauv lub arena, peb yuav pom yuav ua li cas Gothic arches tiag tiag. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tsis yog txhua yam.

Metallurgical slag, nyob ze ntawm Lub Tsev Ruaj Ntseg

Sab nraum lub tsev, yaug nrog lub qhov rais, muaj slag. Yog, qhov no yog raws nraim lub slag los ntawm smelting hlau. Cov qauv ntawm cov slag no tau raug coj mus kuaj thiab xa mus rau kev tshuaj xyuas. Raws li cov kws tshaj lij uas tau tshawb xyuas nws, cov slag no tsis yog cov khoom ntawm cov thee combustion nyob rau hauv boiler tsev, tab sis ib tug pov tseg ntawm metallurgy ntau lawm. Ua ntej me ntsis, kuv yuav hais tias tsis ntev yuav muaj ib tsab xov xwm cais ntawm kev txheeb xyuas ntawm ntau yam qauv.

Thiab yog li ntawd, peb muaj slag ntawm ib theem nrog lub qhov rais, thiab cov hluav taws xob theem ntawm cov slag no yog tib yam li ntawm cov ntaiv 0, 29-0, 32 μSv / h. Nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm lub fortress, tsuas yog nyob rau hauv qhov chaw no thiab ntawm cov ntaiv, lub dosimeter squeaked yuav luag tsis tu ncua!

Slag hluav taws xob theem

Lub tsev tom ntej, lub thiaj li hu ua "Manege". Raws li cov ntaub ntawv raug cai, nws yog ob-zaj dab neeg, pillared tsev uas tau ua yeeb yam rau ob xyoo caum txij li xyoo 1815.

Saburovskaya Fortress Lub Caij Ntuj Sov Theatre Manege

Ib zaug ntxiv, qhov zoo kawg nkaus ntawm cov masonry thiab Gothic arches tshwm sim ua ntej peb ob lub qhov muag, pom tias lawv ua li cas ntawm no, thiab piv nrog cov arches ntawm lub tsev tiv thaiv, uas peb tau tshuaj xyuas ua ntej.

Saburovskaya fortress, lub caij ntuj sov theatre arena. Arches

Saburovskaya fortress, lub caij ntuj sov theatre arena. Arches

Ntau npaum li cas kuv pom, txhua zaus kuv xav tsis thoob ntawm qhov zoo nkauj! Peb kuj pom qhov nyob hauv phab ntsa tom qab, me ntsis zoo ib yam li qhov khoob.

"Loopholes" nyob rau hauv lub nraub qaum phab ntsa ntawm lub arena

Punched passage, nyob rau hauv lub nraub qaum phab ntsa ntawm lub arena

Sab nraum lub arena, peb pom ib txoj kev xuas nrig ntaus txoj cai nyob rau hauv lub phab ntsa. Qhov ntev ntawm cov cib "Manezh" 280x140x70, raws nraim sib haum mus rau cov qauv ntawm thaum ntxov 18th caug xyoo. Dab tsi yog txoj haujlwm ntawm lub tsev, txij thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th mus txog rau thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, mus txog rau thaum nws tau los ua ib lub tsev ua yeeb yam, cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm yog ntsiag to.

Fortress phab ntsa thickness

Txav mus ntxiv raws phab ntsa fortress, peb pom nws tuab. Phab ntsa tsis yog qhov dav. Cov cib txhua yam txawv. Txiv qaub mortar nrog impurities. Muaj efflorescence thiab rov qab cib.

Restored cib nyob rau hauv lub fortress phab ntsa

Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, raws phab ntsa muaj kaum forts, zoo ib yam li rays, zoo li cov hnub qub fortresses. Sab nraud, cov ces kaum ntawm cov rays yog sib npaug. Qee lub beams yog ua nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub kaum sab xis, ib txhia nyob rau hauv ib tug semicircle.

Forts raws phab ntsa

Interestingly, muaj qhov khoob tsuas yog ntawm cov kab teeb thiab lub arena. Tsis muaj qhov khoob ntawm phab ntsa fortress. Tab sis nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, qhov khoob yog nyob siab heev, siab tshaj tib neeg qhov siab. Yuav tua lawv li cas?

Curved qhov khoob

Tsis tas li ntawd, cov seem yog crooked. Ib zaug ntxiv, qhov tsis sib xws "nrog rau tag nrho cov cai ntawm kev tiv thaiv."

Txhaum nyob rau hauv lub fortress phab ntsa

Cov phooj ywg, qhov no yog li cas lub hauv paus kev poob qis zoo li: qhov no yog qhov tawg ntau tshaj plaws hauv phab ntsa. Raws li qhov peb pom ntawm phab ntsa fortress, peb tuaj yeem hais meej thiab meej meej tias phab ntsa tau tsim tom qab lub tsev ntawm "fortress", thaum qhov tseem ceeb yog qhov siab ntawm phab ntsa thiab nws qhov ruaj khov, uas, qhov tseeb, cov rays no tau ua. Tab sis tsis yog tag nrho. Ua ntej.

Cov khoom tom ntej ntawm lub fortress yog lub kaum sab qab teb pej thuam. Direct windows sab nraum, sab hauv yog arched.

Saburovskaya fortress. Sab qab teb kaum ntauwd

Saburovskaya fortress. Sab qab teb kaum ntauwd los ntawm sab hauv. Ncaj arched qhov rais

Lub qhov cua nkag los yog qhov chimney khiav raws phab ntsa ntawm tus pej thuam, uas yog khob tawm ntawm phab ntsa, tab sis tsis muaj cov quav. Round thiab rhombic windows yog noteworthy.

Txhaum channel nyob rau hauv phab ntsa

Round thiab rhombic windows

Thiab raws li ib txwm, peb pom cib los ntawm hauv av. Kuj tseem muaj cov slag loj heev nyob ib puag ncig, uas muaj hluav taws xob tom qab ntawm 0.28 μSw / h.

Nyob rau hauv lub pej thuam, slag yog pw nyob rau hauv pem teb

Kuv hais tias nws yog slag. Ntawm 10 meters, hauv cov nyom, keeb kwm yav dhau yeej tsis tshaj 0, 10 μSv / h. Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv lub pej thuam, nyob rau hauv ob qhov chaw ntawm phab ntsa, lub keeb kwm yav dhau yog hais txog 0.23 μSv / h.

Slag hluav taws xob theem

Nco ntsoov sau rau hauv cov lus hais tias qhov no yog ib txoj kab ntawm Chernobyl, vim hais tias yog tias nws yog Chernobyl fallout, keeb kwm yav dhau yuav zoo ib yam nyob txhua qhov chaw.

Cov khoom tom ntej: East corner tower. Peb pom qhov tawg nkag dua. Cov phooj ywg, ua tib zoo mloog, cov cib ntawm lub fortress phab ntsa thiab cov cib ntawm cov pej thuam sib txawv ntawm cov xim thiab zoo, uas lees tias peb kwv yees - cov phab ntsa tau tsim tom qab. Tsuas yog koj yuav tsum tsis txhob saib cov cib, nyob ib ncig ntawm lub qhov rooj tawg, cov cib no pleev xim rau, koj yuav tsum saib cov cib saum lub qhov rais.

Saburovskaya fortress. Sab hnub tuaj kaum tsev

Peb mus rau hauv lub pej thuam. Ntxiv rau thaj tsam ntawm phab ntsa thiab lub quarter ntawm lub qhov rais, peb pom peb cov cib nyiam los ntawm hauv av. Kuj tseem them nyiaj rau cov nqi tsev rau cov plag tsev, uas yog nyob rau hauv siab theem thiab lub qab nthab dub.

Dub qab nthab (domed vault)

Lub hauv paus thiab cov dej tsis muaj dej tsis pom. Lub mis pins

Tom ntej no, peb mus rau sab qaum teb phab ntsa. Ntawm nws yog lub rooj vag nkag, kab teeb, thiab ob "tsev".

Ntawm sab xis. Qhov rai siab thiab nqaim

Nov yog thawj "tsev". Muaj lub qhov rais siab heev nrog ib lub quarter ntawm ob sab, thiab tseem muaj niches nyob rau hauv cov phab ntsa, ntawm chav kawm, rau cov pej thuam.

Ib lub niche, lossis tsuas yog lub qhov rais thaiv. Embedded pierced

Cov nyiaj qiv rau kev sib tshooj yog nyob ntawm qhov muag, thaum lawv tau xuas nrig ntaus rau hauv cov phab ntsa tiav, thiab tsis nteg thaum tsim kho. Lub qhov rooj ua los ntawm lub qhov rais, thiab nws sab saum toj yog kaw, thiab ib lub quarter feem ntau, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, yog los ntawm txoj kev.

Lub qhov rooj pw saum toj saud. Quarter vice versa

Tom ntej no "lub tsev" kuj yog heev nthuav. Qhov tseeb, qhov no yog qhov txuas ntxiv rau kab teeb, uas tsis muaj qhov khoob. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis yog qhov tseeb tias qhov tseeb yog qhov txuas ntxiv, txij li qhov zoo ntawm cov phab ntsa "tsev" yog ntau zaus zoo dua li cov masonry ntawm phab ntsa fortress.

"Extension" rau phab ntsa fortress

"Extension" masonry

Nyob ze ntawm lub phab ntsa ntawm "tsev", lub cib yog txawm thiab loj, nyob rau hauv loj sib raug mus rau thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv tsos, txhua yam zoo li yog hais tias lub phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev tau txuas nrog rau lub fortress phab ntsa, txawm hais tias nws zoo nkaus li nyob rau hauv tsos. Qhov zoo ntawm masonry yog ntau dua thiab cib ntawm ntau qhov sib txawv thiab tsis zoo nyob rau hauv qhov zoo.

Nyob rau sab xis ntawm qhov tawg yog ib lub teeb uas tau ncaim mus, nyob rau hauv qhov chaw muaj ib tug fortress phab ntsa, masonry rau sab laug yog ib tug "extension".

Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, txiav txim los ntawm qhov tawg, nws yog lub teeb ci uas mus deb ntawm phab ntsa fortress. Nrog rau lub sijhawm no nws tsis meej, nws tsuas yog qhov tseeb tias lawv muaj cov hauv paus cais.

Thiab peb xaus peb qhov kev mus ncig ntawm qhov seem ntawm cov tsev nyob ze ntawm phab ntsa sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj. Yuav ua li cas yog muaj, tam sim no ib tug yuav tsuas twv, tab sis nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas lub ces kaum pej thuam yuav tsum, nyob rau hauv kev xav, sawv, tam sim no muaj ib tug private tsev. Thiab nws tsis yog qhov tseeb tias tus pej thuam nyob ntawm no txhua.

Tseem tshuav ntawm ib lub tsev nyob rau sab qaum teb ces kaum. Rau nws sab laug yog ib lub tsev ntiav

Phab ntsa tawg, nyob ze ntawm lub ces kaum sab qaum teb

Txoj kev npaj ntawm Saburovskaya fortress

Cov phooj ywg, tiam sis tsis yog tag nrho. Nyob rau hauv lub fortress, nyob txhua qhov chaw, nyob rau hauv ib tug nyias txheej ntawm cov av dub, muaj cov av nplaum, thiab theem ntawm cov av nyob rau hauv lub fortress yog txawm siab tshaj sab nraum.

Laum ntev

Laum hauv av, tag nrho ntev

Ib lub qhov tau ua nyob rau hauv qhov chaw no, cia siab tias yuav ncav cuag thaj av loj, thiab kuv pom lub sijhawm zoo li no: nrog rau qhov tob zuj zus, cov hluav taws xob tom qab tau nce me ntsis ntawm 0.10 μSv / h mus rau 0.18 μSv / h.

Qhov chaw nyob. Daim ntawv qhia txuas

Txawm li cas los xij, rau cov ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau xyaum kom tob, vim kuv tsis tau mus txog qhov av loj thiab qhov kawg ntawm cov av nplaum txheej nrog kev xyaum 1 meter ntev. Tom qab ntawd nws puv lub qhov, yog li ntawd hedgehogs, miv thiab qav tsis raug kev txom nyem.

Summing li, tag nrho cov saum toj no, peb muaj peev xwm kos ib tug yooj yim cov lus xaus: official historians tsis paub yuav ua li cas piav cov khoom no, yog li ntawd lawv tuaj nrog xws li ib tug lus dab neeg - tus tswv xav tau thiab ua "nyob rau hauv daim duab thiab zoo li", tab sis nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no. Qhov tseeb, qhov no yog cov qauv qub, uas tom qab cataclysm ntawm qhov pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, nws tau nyob ib puag ncig los ntawm lub laj kab cib los ntawm cov tsev puas tsuaj ntawm no, thiab hloov mus rau hauv kev sib xyaw ua ke rau kev ua cov khoom siv hlau, raws li pom los ntawm cov xov tooj cua slag. tawg nyob rau hauv qee qhov chaw ntawm lub fortress no.

Cov duab zoo (tsis muaj npe yuav tsum tau) tuaj yeem pom ntawm no.

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Cov phooj ywg, ntawm no kuv ua tsaug rau koj qhov kev mloog. Cia peb tsis txhob hais lus zoo, vim qhov nthuav tshaj yog ua ntej ntawm peb. Txhua yam zoo tshaj plaws, nyob zoo!