7 crushing tsis ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv paleontology

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Txij li thaum xyoo 90s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, cov kws tshawb fawb tau ua ntau qhov kev tshawb pom, nrhiav pom cov qe ntshav, hemoglobin, cov proteins uas yooj yim rhuav tshem thiab tawg ntawm cov nqaij mos, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov ligaments elastic thiab cov hlab ntsha, hauv cov pob txha ntawm dinosaurs. Thiab txawm tias DNA thiab radioactive carbon. Tag nrho cov no tawm tsis muaj pob zeb unturned los ntawm monolith ntawm niaj hnub paleontological yos.

Alexey Nikolaevich Lunny, kws kho mob ntawm Biological Sciences, nyob rau hauv nws txoj hauj lwm "Qhov tsis ua hauj lwm ntawm Mary Schweitzer lub hypothesis (Tebchaws USA) hais txog lub mechanism ntawm khaws cia cov ntaub so ntswg thiab organics nyob rau hauv cov pob txha ntawm dinosaurs mediated los ntawm cov hlau ntawm hemoglobin" 100-1000 zaug. Yog tias peb suav los ntawm hnub tim, ces dinosaurs, piv txwv li, tuaj yeem muaj tsuas yog 66 txhiab xyoo dhau los.

Ib qho ntawm cov kev xaiv los piav qhia txog kev khaws cia cov ntaub so ntswg yog faus nyob rau hauv ib txheej ntawm cov pob zeb sedimentary nyob rau hauv kev puas tsuaj loj, dej nyab ntiaj teb.

Muab qhov no, nws tsis zoo li xav tsis thoob tias tag nrho cov pob txha uas paleontologists unearthed nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm Hell Creek, Montana, muaj ib tug pronounced cadaveric tsw.

Thiab ntawm no yog cov chronology ntawm seditious pom nyob rau hauv cov pob txha ntawm dinosaurs:

Xyoo 1993 g., ua surprise rau nws tus kheej, Mary Schweizer nrhiav pom cov ntshav hauv cov pob txha ntawm dinosaurs.

Xyoo 1997 g., kuaj hemoglobin nrog rau cov qe ntshav sib txawv hauv cov pob txha ntawm Tyrannosaurus rex.

Xyoo 2003, Cov kab mob ntawm cov protein osteocalcin. 2005, elastic ligaments thiab cov hlab ntsha.

Hauv xyoo 2007, collagen (ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov pob txha structural protein) hauv Tyrannosaurus rex pob txha.

Xyoo 2009, Qhov yooj yim degraded proteins elastin thiab laminin, thiab dua collagen nyob rau hauv lub platypus dinosaur. (Yog hais tias qhov seem yog qhov qub raws li kev cai rau hnub tim, lawv yuav tsis muaj cov proteins no.)

Hauv xyoo 2012, Cov kws tshawb fawb tau tshaj tawm qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm cov pob txha hlwb (osteocytes), actin thiab tubulin proteins, nrog rau DNA (!). (Tus nqi degradation ntawm cov proteins no, thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog DNA, xam los ntawm kev tshawb fawb, qhia tias lawv tsis tuaj yeem khaws cia rau hauv dinosaur seem rau kwv yees li 65 lab xyoo tom qab lawv ploj mus.)

Hauv xyoo 2012, Cov kws tshawb fawb tshaj tawm qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide. (Xav txog yuav ua li cas sai sai carbon-14 decays, txawm hais tias cov seem yog ib puas txhiab xyoo, lawv yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj ib tug ib feem ntawm nws muaj nyob rau hauv lawv!)

Hauv xyoo 2015, hauv Canada hauv thaj chaw ntawm Dinosaur Park, cov qe ntshav liab thiab collagen fibers tau pom nyob rau hauv cov pob txha ntawm Cretaceous dinosaur.

Lub Kramola portal caw koj nco qab txog 6 qhov kev ua tsis tiav ntxiv uas nrog paleontology tshwj xeeb thiab cov kev xav ntawm evolution feem ntau:

Piltdown tus txiv neej

Xyoo 1912, Charles Doughton tau hais tias nws tau pom qhov seem (lub puab tsaig thiab pob txha taub hau) ntawm daim ntawv hloov pauv los ntawm ib nrab ntawm tib neeg ib nrab-ape mus rau Homo sapiens ze ntawm lub nroog Askiv Piltdown. Qhov kev pom no ua rau muaj kev xav tiag tiag. Raws li qhov seem, tsawg kawg yog 500 daim ntawv pov thawj kws kho mob tau sau tseg. Tus txiv neej Piltdown tau qhib hauv British Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Paleontology ua pov thawj tseeb ntawm Darwin txoj kev xav.

Txhua yam yuav zoo, tab sis xyoo 1949, cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv Tsev khaws puav pheej Kenneth Oakley tau txiav txim siab los sim cov seem nrog cov qauv tshiab ntawm kev sim tshuaj fluorin. Qhov tshwm sim yog yooj yim heev. Nws muab tawm tias lub puab tsaig thiab pob txha taub hau yog sib txawv creatures. Lub puab tsaig, raws li cov txiaj ntsig kev sim, tsis nyob hauv av thiab feem ntau yuav yog tus liab liab uas nyuam qhuav tuag, thiab pob txha taub hau nyob ntawd tau kaum tawm, tab sis tsis yog ntau pua lossis ntau txhiab xyoo. Kev tshawb fawb ntxiv tau pom tias cov hniav ntawm pob txha taub hau tau roughly hewn kom phim lub puab tsaig. Tus txiv neej Piltdown tau ntsiag to nqa tawm ntawm lub tsev cia puav pheej.

Nebraska txiv neej

Xyoo 1922, Henry Feyerfield Osborne tau thov kom pom cov hniav ua ntej keeb kwm. Raws li ib tus hniav no, tag nrho tus txiv neej zoo li gorilla tau tsim dua tshiab (ntawm daim ntawv).

Cov ntawv xov xwm London News ntawm 07.24.1922 txawm luam tawm "kev kos duab kos duab" ntawm tag nrho tsev neeg ntawm "Nebrasian txiv neej" hauv lub qhov tsua los ntawm hluav taws. Nyob rau hauv 1927, tus so ntawm lub cev pob txha raug pom. Nws muab tawm tias lub cev pob txha yog … ib hom tsiaj uas ploj lawm ntawm American prosthennops npua.

Ota Benga

Nyob rau hauv nws phau ntawv Descent of man, Darwin sau hais tias tus txiv neej los ntawm ape. Evolutionists thoob plaws hauv lawv keeb kwm tau sim nrhiav tsawg kawg ib daim ntawv hloov pauv ntawm liab mus rau txiv neej. Thaum kawg, xyoo 1904, zoo li lawv qhov kev tshawb nrhiav tau ua tiav nrog kev vam meej. Hauv tebchaws Congo, haiv neeg Ota Benga tau pom, uas tau muab cais ua pov thawj muaj sia nyob ntawm daim ntawv hloov pauv ntawm liab mus rau txiv neej.

Benga raug kaw thiab coj mus rau Tebchaws Meskas, qhov chaw nws tau tshwm sim ntawm Lub Zos hauv Bronx, New York. Thaum nws raug ntes, Benga tau sib yuav thiab muaj ob tug menyuam. Tsis muaj peev xwm tiv taus kev txaj muag, Benga tua tus kheej. Evolutionists niaj hnub no nyiam nyob ntsiag to txog qhov teeb meem no.

Coelacanth ntses (coelacanth)

Txog thaum tsis ntev los no, nws tau ntseeg tias lub cev pob txha ntawm cov ntses no, xav tias muaj ob peb kaum lab xyoo, thiab ua kev txaus siab ntawm cov evolutionists, yog ib daim ntawv hloov pauv ntawm cov noog mus rau cov tsiaj txhu.

Cov duab zoo heev ntawm cov ntses no ntawm ntug dej tau kos. Txawm li cas los xij, txij li xyoo 1938, Coelacanth tau rov pom dua hauv Dej Hiav Txwv Khab. Nws muab tawm tias qhov no tseem yog hom ntses nyob, uas tsis txawm sim tawm hauv av. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yeej tsis ntab mus rau saum npoo, tab sis nyob hauv qhov tob ntawm yam tsawg 140 meters hauv qab dej …

Pekin txiv neej (Pekin txiv neej, Sinanthropus)

Cov txheej txheem, xyaum ua "ntawm qhov kev tso cai ntawm Darwin cov neeg txhawb nqa."

Cov pob txha qub uas Pekin txiv neej lub cev pob txha tau rov qab los tsis muaj nyob, txij li thaum tau ploj lawm.

Jawa txiv neej (Javanese txiv neej, Pithecanthropus)

Ua los ntawm cov pob txha tawg pom ntawm qhov deb ntawm ib leeg thiab nws tsis paub yog tias lawv koom rau tib yam tsiaj. Feem ntau ntawm cov seem yog tsim los ntawm cov seem ntawm ntau hom thiab glued ua ke los ntawm kev xav zoo, los yog ntawm ob peb pob txha, tsis yog tsis muaj kev pab los ntawm tib txoj kev xav.

Lwm tus, feem ntau, yog tib neeg homo sapiens, lossis ib tug liab liab. Ntxiv rau, txhua yam no yog kev dag ntxias - yog li peb tau txais cov duab zoo nkauj los ntawm kev ua si hu ua "Evolution".

Haeckel's forgedies ntawm embryo drawings

Cov duab kos ntawm cov embryos zoo sib xws uas tuaj yeem pom hauv phau ntawv kawm biology tau kos los ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb German Haeckel. Nws tsis nkag siab txog embryology, tab sis tsim "biogenetic txoj cai", los yog txoj cai ntawm embryonic recapitulation, uas tau hais tias txhua yam kab mob nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm embryonic txoj kev loj hlob rov qab tag nrho cov theem uas nws hom yuav tsum tau mus rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm evolutionary txoj kev loj hlob. Raws li lub tswv yim no, nws kos tib neeg embryos nyob rau theem ntawm txoj kev loj hlob raws li nws xav kom lawv ua, namely, ib tug invertebrate creatures, ces nyob rau hauv lub theem ntawm ntses, aub thiab ces txiv neej. Haeckel cov duab kos tau raug lees paub los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb yuav luag tam sim ntawd tom qab lawv tshaj tawm ntau tshaj li ib puas xyoo dhau los.

Michael Richardson, tus kws tshaj lij thiab tus kws kho mob embryologist ntawm St George's Hospital School of Medicine hauv London, hais txog qhov kev dag ntxias ntxiv no hauv tsab xov xwm Anatomy thiab Embryology uas tau luam tawm hauv Science thiab New Scientist.

Raws li Richardson nws tus kheej hais, nws ib txwm xav tias muaj ib yam dab tsi tsis ncaj ncees lawm nrog Haeckel cov duab kos "vim lawv tsuas tsis phim nws [Richardson's] kev nkag siab ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov ntses, tsiaj reptiles, noog thiab tsiaj txhu tsim lawv cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb." Nws tsis tuaj yeem nrhiav tau ib qho pov thawj los qhia tias leej twg tau muab piv rau embryos ntawm ntau hom, uas yog, "tsis muaj leej twg tau muab cov ntaub ntawv sib piv los txhawb lub tswv yim no."

Hauv qhov no, Richardson tau sib sau ua ke thoob ntiaj teb pab pawg los kawm thiab kho "qhov tsos ntawm embryos ntawm ntau hom vertebrates nyob rau theem uas cov tsiaj tau piav qhia hauv Haeckel cov duab kos."

Pab pawg tau sau cov embryos los ntawm 39 yam tsiaj sib txawv, suav nrog marsupials los ntawm Australia, ntoo qav los ntawm Puerto Rico, nab los ntawm Fabkis, thiab ib tug alligator los ntawm Askiv. Lawv pom tias embryos ntawm ntau hom sib txawv heev. Qhov tseeb, cov embryos tau zoo li tsis zoo li cov duab los ntawm Haeckel (zoo ib yam embryos ntawm ib tug neeg, luav, salamander, ntses, nqaij qaib, thiab lwm yam) uas cov kws tshawb fawb tuaj rau qhov tsis paub meej: Haeckel cov duab kos tsis tuaj yeem muab tso ua ke txhua. ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm embryos tiag.

Nigel Hawkes xam phaj Richardson rau Lub Sijhawm, London. Hauv ib tsab xov xwm uas piav txog Haeckel yog "fetal dag," Hawkes hais Richardson:

"Qhov no yog ib qho piv txwv phem tshaj ntawm kev dag ntxias. Nws yog qhov txaus ntshai heev uas pom tias tus kws tshawb fawb nto moo tau txhob txwm dag ntxias txhua tus. Kuv npau taws los ntawm qhov no … Haeckel tsuas yog coj tib neeg embryo thiab redrawn nws, ua rau nws tshwm sim tias embryos ntawm salamanders, npua thiab tag nrho lwm yam tsiaj zoo tib yam nyob rau tib theem ntawm txoj kev loj hlob. Qhov tseeb, lawv tsis zoo ib yam li … Nws embryos yog fakes."

Haeckel tsis tsuas yog hloov cov duab kos los ntawm kev ntxiv, tshem tawm thiab hloov kho lub cev, tab sis raws li Richardson thiab nws pab neeg:

"Nws kuj tau hloov pauv kom nthuav dav qhov zoo sib xws ntawm ntau hom, txawm tias qee qhov ntawm cov embryos sib txawv ntawm qhov loj me kaum npaug ntawm ib leeg. Tsis tas li ntawd, Haeckel ua rau qhov sib txawv uas twb muaj lawm tsis meej, feem ntau tsuas yog tsis tau sau npe hom tsiaj, xws li ib tus neeg sawv cev raws nraim rau tag nrho pawg tsiaj"

Xyoo 1874, Xib Fwb Heath tau tshaj tawm tias Ernst Haeckel cov duab kos tsis tseeb thiab suav nrog lawv hauv kev lees txim raug liam los ntawm Haeckel, tab sis raws li Richardson hais tias:

"Haeckel qhov kev lees paub tsis muaj nqis dab tsi, txij li nws cov duab kos tau siv tom qab xyoo 1901 hauv phau ntawv "Darwin thiab tom qab Darwin" thiab tau nthuav dav hauv cov ntawv lus Askiv ntawm biology."

Saib ntxiv: Ancient dinosaur figurines

Ancient duab ntawm dinosaurs thiab tib neeg