Nees chasseurs, huntsmen: Napoleon tus tub rog zoo tshaj plaws

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Nees rangers yog guardsmen, grunts thiab ntau yam horsemen ntawm Napoleonic Wars.

General Bonaparte: consul, huab tais, hloov kho

Thaum lub xyoo caum ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Tsov Rog, nees chasseurs tau dhau los ua ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm cov tub rog ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas Fab Kis Tebchaws, ua ntau yam haujlwm ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua thiab thaum lub sijhawm sib tw.

Nrog rau lub zog los ntawm Napoleon, lub sijhawm ntawm kev hloov pauv loj pib rau Fabkis cov tub rog: thawj tus kws tshaj lij tau txuas nrog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb rau kev txhim kho cov tub rog thiab tsis muaj zog los yog lub sijhawm los txhawb nws txoj kev sib ntaus sib tua. Tsuas yog ob peb xyoos xwb, cov lus txib tau tswj hwm kom ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo: yog tias xyoo 1800 hauv qee qhov chaw muaj kev tsis txaus ntawm cov nees txog 30% ntawm tus qauv tus lej, thiab ntawm cov equestrian-jaeger regiments, qib qis ntawm horsemanship yog ib qho. Cov teeb meem thoob plaws, ces thaum pib ntawm Tsov Rog ntawm Thib Peb Coalition cov yam tsis zoo no tau kov yeej ntau.

Ua ntej tshaj plaws, lawv tau coj cov tub ceev xwm, cov uas muaj ntau ntawm cov neeg uas tsis txaus siab los ntshav rau lawv haiv neeg Txiv Plig. Nrog rau kev nce qib ntawm cov tub rog dav dav, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov mounted chasseurs, zoo li, yuav tsum tau txo qis, tab sis qhov tseeb qhov no tsis yog tag nrho.

Napoleon lub tswv yim hais txog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov tub rog, thaum tib lub sij hawm instilling nyob rau hauv tag nrho, txawm lub teeb-nees regiments, lub tactics ntawm ib txwm cavalry thiab ua nyob rau hauv ze tsim. Raws li tsab cai lij choj ntawm 1802, tag nrho cov tub rog tau raug txo mus rau 78 txoj haujlwm: 2 carabinieri, 13 cuirassiers, 30 dragoons, 24 horse-jaegers, 10 hussars.

Lub luag hauj lwm ntawm thawj ob hom cavalry yog ib tug txiav txim ramming tawm tsam, dragoons yuav tsum tau cia siab tias yuav pom cov tsos ntawm infantry, tuav lub feem ntau yooj yim thiab muaj zog txoj hauj lwm, lub hussars thiab nees chasseurs - mus soj ntsuam, sib ntaus sib tua ntawm outposts thiab nyob rau hauv lub rearguard, thiab caum. Lub teeb cavalry regiments suav rau thawj 650, tom qab ntawd me ntsis ntau dua 1000 cov tub rog thiab cov tub ceev xwm, tab sis qhov tseeb lawv cov lej tiag tiag tsis tshua muaj tshaj 500-600 sabers, thiab tom qab kev hloov kho, ib pab tub rog tseem nyob tom qab, thaum lwm qhov peb tawm tsam ua ib feem. ntawm Great Army.

Thawj lub tuam txhab ntawm thawj pab tub rog ntawm txhua tus tub rog tau tsim los ntawm cov tub rog zoo tshaj plaws, uas hnav cov cim tshwj xeeb. Thaum lub sij hawm lub xyoo ntawm lub hav zoov ntawm thawj lub teb chaws Ottoman, nees rangers tau sau tseg nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov phiaj los nqis tes los ntawm lub Ebro mus rau lub Moskva River thiab qhia tau hais tias zoo heev zoo ntawm scouts thiab warriors.

Lub teeb cavalry: scouts thiab zoo heev fighters

Nees chasseurs, zoo li lwm cov neeg caij tsheb ntawm lub teeb cavalry, pib xyoo 1803 pib tau txais cov tub rog sabers ntawm XI qauv, tsim los rau kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv kev tsim, thiab tsis yog rau ib tus neeg fencing, uas ua rau muaj qhov hnyav nce ntxiv, qhov nyuaj dua uas tiv thaiv. tus neeg caij tsheb txhais tes, tab sis txwv txoj kev txav ntawm tes thiab qhov ntev ntawm cov hniav.

Txij no mus, saber nrog scabbard hnyav 2.7 kg es tsis txhob 1.65 kg dhau los. Ib qho cuab yeej pabcuam rau Chasseurs yog 1786 qauv hussar blunderbuss lossis IX qauv cavalry carbine, feem ntau yog siv los ntawm ko taw lossis hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm kev tawm tsam. Nyob rau hauv "Ceeb toom rau Cavalry thiab Light Forces" muab tso ua ke los ntawm tus tauj ncov loj Chienti, ib tug tshwj xeeb hais txog qhov irrational thiab "tsis muaj kev tshav ntuj thiab yooj yim" khaub ncaws ntawm equestrian rangers: tsis ntev lub Chasseurs tau txais cov khaub ncaws tshiab, uas tau los ua ib tug tiag tiag masterpiece ntawm cov tub rog. zam lub sijhawm ntawd.

Nws txaus los hais tias cov khaub ncaws ntawm cov neeg saib xyuas nees rangers yog cov nyiam hnav khaub ncaws ntawm Emperor ntawm Fabkis nws tus kheej - hauv nws cov duab nto moo tshaj plaws, Napoleon tau piav qhia hauv nws.

Txhua lub corps ntawm Great Army suav nrog cov tub rog tub rog, uas muaj tag nrho ntawm hussar thiab nees-jaeger regiments, ua kev soj ntsuam thiab ua tsov rog me me, tab sis nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua, nees chasseurs, raws li txoj cai, sib ntaus sib tua ntawm ib tug par nrog cuirassiers thiab dragoons. nyob ze tsim.

Nyob rau hauv 1806, thaum lub sij hawm ob sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Jena-Auerstedt, tus nees rangers tau ntse tsis tau tsuas yog nrog Prussian horsemen, tab sis kuj tawm tsam cov infantry kab; Nyob rau hauv 1809, thaum lub sij hawm lub Aspern-Essling sib ntaus sib tua, horsemen nyob rau hauv cov lus txib ntawm tus yawm Lassalle tau tawm tsam nrog cov Hungarian hussars nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub battlefield.

Nyob rau hauv ib qho xwm txheej tshwj xeeb, Chasseurs tuaj yeem cuam tshuam thiab sib ntaus ntawm ko taw, piv txwv li, thaum sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Berezina thaum Fabkis tawm ntawm Russia. Txawm tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua cov neeg caij tsheb ua haujlwm hauv kev nrhiav tus yeeb ncuab: xyoo 1800, ntawm Hohenlinden, nees chasseurs yuam yuav luag 8,000 Austrian nteg lawv caj npab, thaum Lub Kaum Hli 1805, cov neeg saib xyuas nees tau koom nrog kev nrhiav thiab swb ntawm Vernezh's Austrian kem.

Thiab nyob rau hauv 1806, ib tug detachment ntawm 500 rangers ntes ntau tshaj 4,000 Prussians, nrog rau cov neeg tseem ceeb regiments ntawm hnyav cavalry. Nyob rau hauv Lub ib hlis ntuj 1800, ib lub tuam txhab ntawm mounted rangers ntawm Guard ntawm lub Consuls tau tsim, uas tom qab ntawd los ua lub nucleus ntawm lub Regiment ntawm mounted rangers ntawm lub qub Guard, uas muaj xws li ib tug ntawm cov extravagant units ntawm tag nrho cov Great Army - Mameluk. tuam txhab. Yuav tsum tau txuas ntxiv.