Tmutarakan pob zeb ua keeb kwm artifact

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Nyob rau hauv 1792, qhov nthuav archaeological nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub zos ntawm Taman - ib tug marble slab nrog ib tug inscription nyob rau hauv Laus Lavxias teb sab. Cov ntawv sau no nyeem cov hauv qab no: "Lub caij ntuj sov ntawm 6576 indicta Gleb tus huab tais ntsuas dej hiav txwv ntawm Tmutorokan mus rau Korchev 10,000 fathoms thiab 4,000 fathoms." Qhov kev pom meej hais txog lub sijhawm ntawm lub neej ntawm Tmutaran tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm Russia. Lub inscription yog hais txog qhov tshwm sim ntawm 1068 raws li lub tshiab chronology, qhia nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws los ntawm Peter kuv los ntawm yug ntawm Tswv Yexus.

Niaj hnub no, lub pob zeb Tmutarakan tau khaws cia rau hauv Hermitage, thiab hauv Taman Archaeological Tsev khaws puav pheej muaj ib feem ntawm lub pob zeb marble nrog cov ntawv sau rau qhov nto moo nrhiav. Tab sis qhov kev tshawb pom no tsis tuaj txog Hermitage tam sim ntawd. Nws paub tias nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1792 cov neeg yos hav zoov A. Suvorov tau tsim ib qho kev xav tsis thoob los tiv thaiv lub pier thiab hloov kho lub pob zeb loj loj raws li qhov pib ntawm lawv cov barracks. Tom qab ntawd daim ntawv no tau tshuaj xyuas los ntawm lawv tus thawj coj.

Txog rau xyoo 1803, lub pob zeb tau so hauv lub vaj ze ntawm lub Koom Txoos Intercession (tam sim no nws tau dhau los ua qhov chaw ntawm Taman, khaws cia cov cim tshwj xeeb ntawm lub tsev qub). Thiab nyob rau hauv 1803, tus kws kes duab vajtse, Lvov-Nikolsky, tau nyiam lub pob zeb. Xyoo 1834, tom qab muaj cua daj cua dub uas yuav luag rhuav tshem qee lub tsev thiab relics, Tmutarakan phaj raug coj mus rau Kerch Tsev khaws puav pheej. Thiab nyob rau hauv 1851 nws tau raug thauj mus rau St. Petersburg rau kev kawm ntxiv.

Tau ntev, ntau tus kws tshawb fawb tau suav tias cov khoom cuav no yog "dag", vim lawv tsis tuaj yeem ntseeg tias cov duab kos duab muaj nyob hauv Russia. Tab sis nyob rau hauv 1970s, ib tug ntxaws soj ntsuam ntawm no artifact tau ua nyob rau hauv lub tsev cia puav pheej thiab kev soj ntsuam ntawm kev sau ntawv tau ua, uas tau lees tias nws cov qhabnias, txawm hais tias muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm qhov kev pom nrog cov dab neeg ntawm keeb kwm keeb kwm.

Tab sis dab tsi yog qhov tsis ncaj ncees lawm nrog qhov nrhiav? Cov kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm tau buzzing peb pob ntseg txog qhov tseeb hais tias Russia yog supposedly "ntoo". Yog li ntawd, tag nrho cov archaeological pom ntawm ntoo architecture tam sim ntawd tau paub thiab tshaj tawm thoob plaws hauv lub tebchaws. Tab sis sai li sai tau thaum lawv ntog rau ntawm cov tuam tsev pob zeb thiab cov plag tsev uas raug dej nyab, cov kev tshawb pom no tsis tau tshaj tawm thiab feem ntau lawv tau muab zais rau hauv ib txheej ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Ib tug tau txais kev xav tias muaj qee yam pov thawj zais cia, uas qhia rau cov kws sau keeb kwm thiab cov kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm: uas pom tau qhia rau cov tib neeg, thiab leej twg yuav nkaum ntawm lawv.

Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias marble yog ib lub pob zeb uas tau nquag siv los ntawm cov kev vam meej thaum ub, uas tsim cov duab puab, kab, ntsia thiab lwm yam ntawm lub tsev los ntawm nws. Thiab qhov slab no tsuas yog marble. Tab sis, raws li lub official version, lub qub Lavxias teb sab craftsmen tsuas yog muaj ntoo ua. Yog li leej twg thiaj muab daim ntawv sau no? Zoo, pom tseeb tsis yog Greeks, rau qhov no inscription yog kom meej meej tsis nyob rau hauv Greek.

Tau kawg, cov keeb kwm falsifiers tau zoo nkauj "tua" cov khoom qub qub, hloov cov ntawv sau qub Lavxias nrog cov Greek ntawm ntau cov khoom qub qub. Thiab tag nrho cov nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tshaj tawm tej ancient settlements nyob rau hauv lub Dub hiav txwv cheeb tsam "Greek nroog-xeev" thiab ntaus nqi lawv muaj nyob rau lub sij hawm ntawm mythical Ancient tim Nkij teb chaws. Yog li hais txog qhov slab no, cov neeg sau keeb kwm tuaj yeem sau lwm zaj dab neeg uas xav tias yog cov neeg Rus thaum ub siv "Greek" antique slab lawv pom, uas lawv muab lawv cov ntawv sau.

Tab sis ua ntej. Tom qab ntawd nws yuav tsum tau lees paub tias cov neeg siv khoom qub Lavxias tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tsis yog nrog ntoo, tab sis kuj nrog pob zeb. Thiab qhov thib ob, lwm zaj dab neeg tau raug kos dua. Nws hloov tawm hais tias marble tsis tuaj yeem nyob rau ntau txhiab xyoo. tab sis tsuas yog ib-paus xyoo xwb. Nyob rau saum ntuj ceeb tsheej, ib txhiab xyoo. Qhov no tau sau tseg los ntawm cov neeg uas nkag siab txog pob zeb. Zoo, rau cov neeg uas tsis ntseeg nws, kuv muab ib qhov txuas mus rau ib tsab xov xwm nyob rau hauv ib tug architectural encyclopedia hu ua "Lub Durability ntawm pob zeb".

Yog li, raws li cov lus tau muab rau hauv tsab xov xwm no, dawb marble belongs rau cov pob zeb uas muaj zog heev. Nws pib lwj hauv 75-150 xyoo thiab thaum kawg poob tom qab 1200 xyoo. Zoo, cov xim marbles feem ntau hu ua cov pob zeb luv luv. Nws pib lwj nyob rau hauv 20-75 xyoo, thiab qhov kawg kev puas tsuaj tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm 100 mus rau 600 xyoo.

Qhov no marble slab belongs rau dawb marble thiab txiav txim los ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias nws tseem tsis tau tawg kiag li, nws tau pom meej muaj nyob rau tsawg tshaj li 1200 xyoo. Thiab yog hais tias peb coj nws rau lub fact tias nws tau ua nyob rau hauv lub reign ntawm Prince Gleb, i.e. tsuas yog nyob rau hauv 1000 xyoo dhau los, nws tag nrho haum ua ke. Tab sis xav txog tam sim no txog thaum twg qhov tseeb muaj kev vam meej thaum ub uas siv marble uas tseem tsis tau muaj sij hawm tawg? Pom tseeb tsis tshaj 2 txhiab xyoo dhau los. Yog li ntawd, lub tswv yim ntawm lwm txoj kev uas ib tug tiag tiag ancient civilization (pem hauv qab pseudo-keeb kwm myths txog Ancient tim Nkij teb chaws thiab Ancient Rome) muaj nyob rau hauv lub Nrab Hnub nyoog, thiab tsis nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm, yog muaj tseeb, thiab official historians yog kom meej meej dag rau peb.

Qhov no txhais tau hais tias tsis muaj Greek kev sib haum xeeb ntawm Hermonassa, uas xav tias muaj nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 4 BC. Nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm Taman yeej tsis muaj nyob, vim hais tias cov ntsiab ntawm cov tsev (zoo ib yam kab, piv txwv li) thiab marble mlom tsuas yog tsis tuaj yeem muaj sia nyob tsis yog rau peb lub sijhawm, tab sis txawm tias mus txog thaum nrhiav tau ntawm Tmutarakan pob zeb nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 18th.

Lwm qhov kev txiav txim siab yog tias peb cov poj koob yawm txwv muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm nrog marble, thiab yog li ntawd ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau qhov kev vam meej thaum ub thaum ub. Thiab nws yog lawv, thiab tsis yog mythical "Greeks" uas tau tsim lawv lub nroog tsis yog nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm Tmutarakan (lub neej uas tom qab qhov kev tshawb pom no tsis tuaj yeem raug ignored), tab sis kuj nyob rau ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv Dub, nrog rau cov Crimea thiab Caucasus (nws tsis yog qhov xwm txheej uas Hiav Txwv Dub tau hu ua "Lavxias teb sab", tsis yog "Greek"). Thiab nws yog rau lawv hais tias tag nrho cov thiaj li hu ua. "antique" Dub hiav txwv vaj, pub dawb los ntawm historians "Greeks thiab Romans".

Tau kawg, cov neeg dag ntxias tau sim "ntxuav" tag nrho cov qub qub Lavxias teb sab inscriptions ntawm antique piers thiab slabs, hloov lawv nrog "Greek" sawv daws yuav. Tab sis, raws li peb tau pom, ua tsaug rau lub ingenuity ntawm Lavxias teb sab tub rog A. Suvorov, uas siv no slab ua ib kauj ruam nyob rau hauv ib tug ntawm cov qauv, cov pov thawj tseeb ntawm ancient Lavxias teb sab antique kev vam meej ntawm lub Dub hiav txwv cheeb tsam tau ciaj sia. uas ntau tus thiaj li hu. "Greek nroog-xeev" thiab "Roman villas".

Thiab, tau kawg, tsis muaj kev tsim kho thiab cov mlom ua los ntawm marble tuaj yeem muaj sia nyob rau peb lub sijhawm yog tias lawv tau tsim ntau tshaj 1200 xyoo dhau los. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias tus thiaj li hu. "kev vam meej thaum ub" muaj nyob rau hauv Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog, thiab tsis yog thaum cov phau ntawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm piav qhia rau peb. Thiab lub thiaj li hu ua "Ancient Greece" thiab "Ancient Rome" tsuas yog cais lub xeev ntawm no ancient civilization, uas, txiav txim los ntawm lub cheeb tsam ntawm faib cov tsev nyob rau hauv ib tug antique style, ib zaug muaj yuav luag tag nrho cov thoob lub ntiaj teb no. Thiab nws muaj, raws li lub xeev ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov qauv thiab cov mlom ua los ntawm marble qhia peb, tsis ntev los no.