Lavxias teb sab kab nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no inventions
Lavxias teb sab kab nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no inventions

Video: Lavxias teb sab kab nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no inventions

Video: Lavxias teb sab kab nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no inventions
Video: Saib Mis paub Poj niam (hluas nkauj) tus yam ntxwv lub siab 2024, Kaum ib hlis
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Thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 20, 1879, Thomas Edison tau ua qauv qhia txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub teeb incandescent. Muaj tseeb tiag, ob peb tus neeg hauv ntiaj teb paub, tab sis "Edison's Light Bulb" ua ntej American inventor tau tsim thiab siv los ntawm peb cov kws tshawb fawb Lodygin thiab Yablochkov.

Peb cov kws tshawb fawb ci ntsa iab yav dhau los tau tsim ntau yam, tsis yog tam sim no nyuaj rau xav txog lub ntiaj teb tam sim no. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis yog txhua qhov kev tsim kho no tau patented hauv lub sijhawm. Cov lus hais tias cov tswv yim nyob hauv huab cua feem ntau muaj tseeb: ntau dua ib zaug hauv keeb kwm nws tau tshwm sim tias ob lossis ntau tus kws tshawb fawb tau ua tib yam kev tshawb pom.

Edison lub teeb … Tam sim no tau lees paub tias lub teeb pom kev zoo yog thawj zaug tsim los ntawm Thomas Edison.

Txawm li cas los xij, ua ntej nws, qhov muag teev tau tsim thiab siv los ntawm Lavxias cov kws tshawb fawb Lodygin (daim duab) …

Poob thiab nyiag inventions ntawm Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb
Poob thiab nyiag inventions ntawm Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb

… thiab Yablochkov.

Poob thiab nyiag inventions ntawm Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb
Poob thiab nyiag inventions ntawm Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb

Los ntawm txoj kev, ob tus kws tshawb fawb txawm tau txais patents rau lawv cov kev tsim kho, tab sis tsis tau sim txhawb nws, thaum Edison nrov nws lub teeb hauv txhua txoj kev.

Poob thiab nyiag inventions ntawm Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb
Poob thiab nyiag inventions ntawm Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb

Edison coj lub teeb pom kev zoo rau kev siv dav dav, nws tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob tias nws tau suav tias yog tus tsim khoom ntawm cov khoom no.

Poob thiab nyiag inventions ntawm Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb
Poob thiab nyiag inventions ntawm Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb

Xov tooj cua … Ib tug ntawm cov nto moo tshaj plaws zaj dab neeg ntawm ib tug nyiag invention yog txuam nrog lub invention ntawm xov tooj cua los ntawm Alexander Popov.

Poob thiab nyiag inventions ntawm Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb
Poob thiab nyiag inventions ntawm Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb

Popov thawj zaug qhia txog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev xa xov tooj cua hauv xyoo 1895, tab sis, zoo li feem ntau nrog peb, nws tsis thab kom tau txais patent.

Poob thiab nyiag inventions ntawm Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb
Poob thiab nyiag inventions ntawm Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb

Tab sis nyob rau hauv 1897 Italian Guglielmo Marconi tau txais patent rau "wireless telegraphy", thiab nyob rau hauv 1909 - Nobel nqi zog rau qhov invention.

Poob thiab nyiag inventions ntawm Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb
Poob thiab nyiag inventions ntawm Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb

Locomotive … Nyob rau hauv 1763, Ivan Polzunov tsim thawj ob lub tog raj kheej lub tshuab nqus tsev vacuum nyob rau hauv Russia, los yog, nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, ib tug chav locomotive.

Poob thiab nyiag inventions ntawm Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb
Poob thiab nyiag inventions ntawm Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb

Twb tau nyob rau xyoo 1764, cov txheej txheem tau sim hauv Barnaul, thiab ntawm lwm tus, James Watt, tus kws tshaj lij Scottish nto moo-tus tsim khoom, tau nyob ntawm qhov kev sim no.

Poob thiab nyiag inventions ntawm Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb
Poob thiab nyiag inventions ntawm Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb

Nws txaus siab rau lub tswv yim ntawm Polzunov. Thiab tom qab ntawd hauv London thaum lub Plaub Hlis 1784 nws tau txais patent rau lub tshuab hluav taws xob nrog lub tshuab universal.

Poob thiab nyiag inventions ntawm Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb
Poob thiab nyiag inventions ntawm Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb

Nws yog James Watt uas tau suav tias yog tus tsim khoom ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob thoob plaws ntiaj teb.

Poob thiab nyiag inventions ntawm Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb
Poob thiab nyiag inventions ntawm Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb

Ib lub tsheb kauj vab … Incredibly, lub "tag nrho-hlau pedal scooter" yog thawj zaug ua nyob rau hauv lub Nizhniy Tagil cog nyob rau hauv 1801 los ntawm serf inventor Efim Artamonov.

Poob thiab nyiag inventions ntawm Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb
Poob thiab nyiag inventions ntawm Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb

Lub invention tau tom qab hu ua "tsheb kauj vab", tab sis tsis muaj npe patent tau saib xyuas.

Poob thiab nyiag inventions ntawm Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb
Poob thiab nyiag inventions ntawm Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb

Lub patent rau kev tsim lub tsheb kauj vab tau muab tso rau xyoo 1818 rau German Baron Karl Drais.

Poob thiab nyiag inventions ntawm Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb
Poob thiab nyiag inventions ntawm Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb

Lub tsheb hluav taws xob … Thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19 tuaj yeem raug hu ua lub sijhawm hluav taws xob tawg. Yuav luag txhua tus tau ua lub tsheb fais fab.

Poob thiab nyiag inventions ntawm Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb
Poob thiab nyiag inventions ntawm Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb

Ib tug zoo li no yog tus engineer Ippolit Romanov, uas los ntawm 1899 tau tsim ob peb qauv ntawm hluav taws xob cabs.

Poob thiab nyiag inventions ntawm Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb
Poob thiab nyiag inventions ntawm Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb

Romanov embodied ib tug hluav taws xob omnibus rau 17 neeg caij tsheb hlau, tsim ib lub tswv yim ntawm lub nroog txoj kev rau cov progenitors ntawm niaj hnub trolleybuses, thiab txawm tau txais daim ntawv tso cai ua hauj lwm.

Poob thiab nyiag inventions ntawm Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb
Poob thiab nyiag inventions ntawm Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb

Tus neeg tsim khoom tsis tuaj yeem nrhiav tus nqi tsim nyog rau kev siv qhov project.

Poob thiab nyiag inventions ntawm Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb
Poob thiab nyiag inventions ntawm Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb

Thaum lub sij hawm ua hauj lwm electromnibus aroused zoo txaus siab ntawm lwm inventors thiab tseem nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm technology raws li ib tug invention tua los ntawm lub nroog bureaucracy.

Poob thiab nyiag inventions ntawm Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb
Poob thiab nyiag inventions ntawm Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb

Electronic paramagnetic resonance … Cov nyhuv, uas tseem siv dav los kawm ntau yam tshuaj thiab cov khoom siv roj ntsha, tau tshawb pom hauv xyoo 1944 los ntawm Evgeny Zavoisky hauv Kazan.

Poob thiab nyiag inventions ntawm Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb
Poob thiab nyiag inventions ntawm Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb

Tab sis Nobel nqi zog rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm lub cev nyob ze ntawm nuclear magnetic resonance tau muab tsub rau Western cov kws tshawb fawb.

Poob thiab nyiag inventions ntawm Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb
Poob thiab nyiag inventions ntawm Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb

Lub rooj zaum … Kuj ceeb tias, kev sau ntawv ntawm lub rooj sib tham ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem yog ib qho kev tsis sib haum xeeb tshaj plaws hauv lub ntiaj teb kev tshawb fawb: hauv ntau phau ntawv German, Dmitry Mendeleev tsuas yog hu ua Meyer tus ua tiav.

Poob thiab nyiag inventions ntawm Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb
Poob thiab nyiag inventions ntawm Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb

Tab sis tus kws tshawb fawb German tsuas yog ua haujlwm nrog "octet txoj cai", raws li cov khoom ntawm txhua lub yim yim zoo ib yam li cov khoom ntawm thawj. Tom qab ntawd, raws li txoj cai, qhov no tau muab los ua qhov tseeb tsuas yog rau qhov pib ntawm lub sijhawm teem sijhawm.

Poob thiab nyiag inventions ntawm Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb
Poob thiab nyiag inventions ntawm Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb

Mendeleev nrhiav tau ib txoj cai tseem ceeb uas tso cai rau nws los kwv yees cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem tsis tau paub thiab ua siab loj hloov cov atomic masses ntawm ntau qhov twb tau pom.

Poob thiab nyiag inventions ntawm Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb
Poob thiab nyiag inventions ntawm Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb

New generation wheelchair … Twb tau nyob rau hauv peb lub sij hawm, Lavxias teb sab inventor Vladimir Lokseev tau tsim ib lub rooj zaum log uas koj tuaj yeem nqes thiab nce ntaiv.

Poob thiab nyiag inventions ntawm Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb
Poob thiab nyiag inventions ntawm Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb

Nws tsis tuaj yeem txhawb kev tsim khoom loj ntawm qhov tsim nyog rau cov neeg xiam oob khab hauv Russia.

Poob thiab nyiag inventions ntawm Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb
Poob thiab nyiag inventions ntawm Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb

Tus neeg tsim khoom tig mus rau Fabkis, qhov chaw uas nws tau txais tos nrog qhib caj npab ntawm Leonardo da Vinci University, tom qab ntawd nws yog cov hauv qab no:

Poob thiab nyiag inventions ntawm Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb
Poob thiab nyiag inventions ntawm Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb

Kuv xav tias nws yog ib lub koom haum loj - Leonardo da Vinci University, lub tsev kawm ntawv thib ob hauv Fabkis tom qab Sorbonne. Kuv xav tias lawv yog cov neeg hnyav, lawv tsuas yog cov neeg dag xwb …

Poob thiab nyiag inventions ntawm Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb
Poob thiab nyiag inventions ntawm Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb

… Lawv caw kuv. Thiab tom qab ntawd, thaum kuv rov qab los, kuv tau hais tias ntawm Eurovision lawv tau qhia lawv tus kheej, uas yog, kuv lub rooj zaum muaj log. Yog li tsis ntev peb cov neeg xiam oob khab yuav yuav peb cov neeg taug kev los ntawm Fab Kis, - hais tias tus neeg tsim khoom uas tau dim ntawm lub plawv nres.

Poob thiab nyiag inventions ntawm Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb
Poob thiab nyiag inventions ntawm Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb

Computer ceev … Lavxias teb sab electronics engineer Viktor Dorokhin ua hauj lwm rau yuav luag nees nkaum xyoo nyob rau hauv yuav ua li cas los txhim kho lub computer, thiab thaum kawg, nyob rau hauv 1992, nws patented lub tswv yim, thiab ces tus heev "duab rau nce kev ua tau zoo ntawm lub zos network adapter ETHERNET".

Poob thiab nyiag inventions ntawm Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb
Poob thiab nyiag inventions ntawm Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb

“Nws yog qhov kev paub txog kev ua haujlwm tiag tiag. Kuv tsis muaj nyiaj los siv lub tswv yim hauv peb lub tebchaws. Thiab kuv pib nrhiav kev txhawb nqa txawv teb chaws. Tab sis lawv nyuam qhuav txhuam kuv tawm. Ib txhia sau hais tias lawv tsis txaus siab rau kev koom tes, lwm tus neeg tsis teb kiag li … - rov nco txog tus kws tshawb fawb.

Poob thiab nyiag inventions ntawm Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb
Poob thiab nyiag inventions ntawm Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb

Thiab nyob rau hauv 1997, thawj lub computer nrog lub invention ntawm Dorokhin tau tso tawm nyob rau sab hnub poob. Tus sau tau hu rau cov thawj coj txawv teb chaws, thov nws txoj cai patent, thiab tau hais kom xaus kev pom zoo nrog nws. Cov tuam ntxhab tau cog lus tias yuav xav txog nws.

Poob thiab nyiag inventions ntawm Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb
Poob thiab nyiag inventions ntawm Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb

Tus kws tshawb fawb qhov tseeb tau lees paub los ntawm Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Cai Lij Choj ntawm Kev Ua Tub Rog, Tshwj Xeeb thiab Dual-Purpose Intellectual Activity (FAPRID) nyob rau hauv Ministry of Justice. FAPRID cov kws lij choj twb tau foob rau cov tuam txhab computer loj tshaj plaws uas thov kom txwv tsis pub ua txhaum cai.

Poob thiab nyiag inventions ntawm Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb
Poob thiab nyiag inventions ntawm Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb

Tub sab nyiag tau dhau los ua zaj dab neeg siab Leaning Ntauwd ntawm Pisa Rescue Projectlos ntawm Barnaul engineer. Evgeny Strazdin hais tias Italian architects siv nws cov tub ntxhais kawm sketches xa mus rau kev koom tes nyob rau hauv kev sib tw rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws project los cawm ib tug architectural monument.

Poob thiab nyiag inventions ntawm Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb
Poob thiab nyiag inventions ntawm Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb

Nws lub tswv yim yog txhawm rau ntxiv dag zog rau lub hauv paus ntawm Leaning Ntauwd ntawm Pisa nrog lub nplhaib ntxiv dag zog thiab sau nrog av. Nws yog cov qauv no uas tom qab tau lees paub tias yog qhov kev daws teeb meem zoo tshaj plaws rau kev txuag ib qho chaw nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm Ltalis, txawm li cas los xij, kev sau ntawv tsis yog Eugene.

Poob thiab nyiag inventions ntawm Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb
Poob thiab nyiag inventions ntawm Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb

Muaj ntau inventions tshuav Russia ua ke nrog lawv emigrated sau ntawv. Yog li, lub nyoob hoom qav taub tau tsim los ntawm Igor Sikorsky, uas tau tsiv los ntawm Russia. Hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas nws hu ua "Mr. Helicopter".

Poob thiab nyiag inventions ntawm Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb
Poob thiab nyiag inventions ntawm Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb

Thaum lub Peb Hlis Ntuj xyoo 1919, Sikorsky tau tsiv teb tsaws chaw tom qab kev tawm tsam Russia mus rau Tebchaws Meskas, nyob hauv New York cheeb tsam, thawj zaug khwv tau nyiaj qhia lej. Nyob rau hauv 1923 nws nrhiav tau lub Sikorsky Aero Engineering Corporation, qhov uas nws tau los ua tus thawj tswj hwm.

Poob thiab nyiag inventions ntawm Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb
Poob thiab nyiag inventions ntawm Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb

Lub tswv yim Sikorsky classic nrog lub ntsiab tseem ceeb thiab tus Tsov tus tw tswj rotor tau siv yuav luag tsis hloov rau 50 xyoo.

Poob thiab nyiag inventions ntawm Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb
Poob thiab nyiag inventions ntawm Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb

TV teeb … Thawj cov khoom siv hauv TV (daim duab raj) tau tsim nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg los ntawm Boris Rosing (daim duab) thiab Lev Termen.

Poob thiab nyiag inventions ntawm Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb
Poob thiab nyiag inventions ntawm Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb

Tab sis qhov kev ua tiav tiag tiag hauv kev siv tshuab hluav taws xob hauv TV tau tsim los ntawm Rosing tus tub ntxhais kawm V. K. Zvorykin (uas tau tsiv mus rau Asmeskas tom qab kev hloov pauv thiab ua haujlwm rau RCA).

Poob thiab nyiag inventions ntawm Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb
Poob thiab nyiag inventions ntawm Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb

Nyob rau hauv 1923 nws tau thov rau lub TV raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm hluav taws xob, thiab nyob rau hauv 1931 nws tau tsim lub ntiaj teb no thawj kis electron raj nrog ib tug mosaic photocathode, hu ua "iconoscope", uas cim qhov pib ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm hluav taws xob TV.

Poob thiab nyiag inventions ntawm Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb
Poob thiab nyiag inventions ntawm Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb

Cov roj av zoo … Lwm tus neeg tsiv teb tsaws chaw, Vladimir Ipatiev, tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv Tebchaws Meskas rau kev tsim cov roj av siab-octane.

Poob thiab nyiag inventions ntawm Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb
Poob thiab nyiag inventions ntawm Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb

Muaj ib qho kev xav tias nws yog Ipatiev uas yeej "Sib ntaus sib tua ntawm England" nyob rau hauv Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog II, txij li thaum British thiab American fighters ya nyob rau hauv xws li cov roj av ceev npaum li cas tshaj German fighters, thiab tsis hloov lub engine tsim.

Poob thiab nyiag inventions ntawm Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb
Poob thiab nyiag inventions ntawm Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb

Lasers. Cov thev naus laus zis tshiab tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1950 los ntawm ob tus kws tshawb fawb Lavxias, Alexander Prokhorov thiab Nikolai Basov, uas tau txais Nobel nqi zog rau lawv.

Poob thiab nyiag inventions ntawm Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb
Poob thiab nyiag inventions ntawm Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb

Lwm tus neeg Asmeskas, Charles Townes, kuj tau txais ib qho khoom plig rau cov kev txhim kho no, thiab nws yog nws tam sim ntawd tau txais patent rau nws qhov kev tsim, thiab tom qab ntawd muag cov cai rau nws rau cov neeg tsim khoom, txij li thaum nws pom tau hais tias nws muaj lub pob zeb kub hauv nws txhais tes.

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