ABC - tsab ntawv rau cov Slavs

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Kuv paub cov ntawv:

Ib tsab ntawv yog ib qho khoom muaj nqis.

Ua hauj lwm nyuaj, earthlings, Raws li befits neeg tsim nyog -

Nkag siab lub qab ntuj khwb!

Nqa lo lus nrog kev ntseeg siab -

Kev paub yog khoom plig los ntawm Vajtswv!

Dare, delve rau hauv

Kom nkag siab qhov kaj ntawm lub neej

(Epistle rau cov Slavs)

RUskaya Cov tsiaj ntawv yog qhov tshwm sim tshwj xeeb ntawm txhua txoj kev paub ntawm kev sau ntawv. ABC txawv ntawm lwm cov tsiaj ntawv tsis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv kev xyaum zoo meej embodiment ntawm lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm unambiguous nraaj zaub: ib lub suab - ib tsab ntawv. Hauv ABC, thiab tsuas yog hauv nws, muaj cov ntsiab lus.

DCia peb pib nrog cov kab lus "Txhua tus neeg yos hav zoov xav paub qhov twg pheasant zaum." Nws yog paub rau txhua leej txhua tus los ntawm thaum yau thiab ua hauj lwm los nco txog qhov sib lawv liag ntawm cov xim ntawm zaj sawv. Qhov no yog qhov hu ua acrophonic txoj kev nco: txhua lo lus ntawm kab lus pib nrog tib tsab ntawv raws li lub npe xim: txhua tus = liab, yos hav zoov = txiv kab ntxwv, thiab lwm yam.

OTxawm li cas los xij, acrophonic memorization yog deb ntawm me nyuam kev ua si. Piv txwv li, tom qab lub invention ntawm S. Morse nyob rau hauv 1838, tus naas ej code rau telegraph kev sib txuas lus, qhov teeb meem ntawm loj kev cob qhia cov neeg ua hauj lwm telegraph tshwm sim. Kawm Morse code sai sai ua rau nyuaj dua li cov lus sib npaug. Qhov kev daws teeb meem tau pom - rau qhov yooj yim ntawm kev nco, txhua tus cim Morse tau tawm tsam los ntawm ib lo lus pib nrog tsab ntawv uas tus cwj pwm no qhia - piv txwv li, tus cim dot-dash hu ua txiv tsawb, txij li nws hais "a".

ACrophony muab qhov yooj yim ntawm kev nco cov tsiaj ntawv thiab, yog li, qhov ceev tshaj plaws tau faib.

NrogNtawm cov tsiaj ntawv nyob sab Europe tseem ceeb, peb muaj ntau dua lossis tsawg dua acrophonic: Greek, Hebrew thiab Cyrillic (= Glagolitic). Nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj ntawv Latin, qhov tshwj xeeb no tsis muaj kiag li, yog li ntawd, cov tsiaj ntawv Latin tuaj yeem tshwm sim tsuas yog los ntawm cov ntawv uas twb muaj lawm, thaum acrophony tsis tseem ceeb.

VCov tsiaj ntawv Greek taug qab cov seem ntawm acrophony hauv cov npe ntawm 14 ntawm 27 cov tsiaj ntawv: alpha, beta (ntau dua - vita), gamma, thiab lwm yam. Txawm li cas los xij, cov lus no tsis txhais hais tias dab tsi hauv Greek lus thiab yog me ntsis distorted derivatives ntawm. Cov lus Henplais aleph "bull", bet "tsev", gimel" ntxhuav", thiab lwm yam. Hebrew tag nrho khaws cov acrophony rau niaj hnub no, uas, los ntawm txoj kev, pab ntau heev rau kev kawm ceev ceev ntawm cov neeg tsiv teb tsaws chaw hauv Ixayees. Kev sib piv ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm acrophonicity ncaj qha qhia qee qhov qiv los ntawm Greeks ntawm tsab ntawv Hebrew.

PLub raslavic ABC kuj muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm acrophonicity, txawm li cas los xij, hauv ib qho kev hwm nws txawv ntawm Hebrew. Hauv Hebrew, tag nrho cov npe ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv yog cov npe hauv cov lus thiab cov npe, thiab ntawm cov npe ntawm 29 cov ntawv ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv Slavic, tsawg kawg yog 7 lo lus yog cov lus qhia (saib cov lus 1). Ntawm no, plaub ntawm lawv yog nyob rau hauv lub siab xav: ob nyob rau hauv cov lus (rtsy, tsy) thiab ob nyob rau hauv lub plural (xav, nyob), ib tug verb nyob rau hauv indefinite daim ntawv (yat), ib tug nyob rau hauv lub thib 3 tus neeg lus (yog) thiab ib tug nyob rau hauv lub dhau los tense - "ua". (Nco ntsoov tias nyob rau hauv "Ancient" Hebrew lub tswv yim ntawm ib tug verb yog tsis muaj txhua). Tsis tas li ntawd, ntawm cov npe ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv muaj cov lus (kako, shta), thiab adverbs (firm, zelo), thiab plural nouns (neeg, beeches), raws li nyob rau hauv cov lus zoo tib yam.

Vib txwm coherent hais lus, ib qho lus qhia suav rau qhov nruab nrab ntawm 3 lwm qhov ntawm kev hais lus. Nyob rau hauv cov npe ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv ntawm Proto-Slavic cov tsiaj ntawv, nws yog precisely no zaus ntawm cov lus qhia uas tau pom, uas ncaj qha qhia lub coherent xwm ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv npe.

TYog li, Proto-Slavic Cov tsiaj ntawv yog Lus Tshaj Tawm - cov kab lus coding uas tso cai rau txhua lub suab ntawm cov kab lus los muab cov ntawv sau tsis meej - uas yog, tsab ntawv. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov ntawv sau rau kev sib kis ntawm tib lub suab tuaj yeem sib txawv, piv txwv li, Cyrillic = Glagolitic rau Proto-Slavic lus, Cyrillic = Latin rau cov lus Serbo-Croatian niaj hnub, peb qhov sib npaug ntawm cov medieval Georgian. sau paub los ntawm keeb kwm, thiab lwm yam.

ATam sim no cia peb nyeem Cov Lus muaj nyob hauv Proto-Slavic ABC.

RCia peb xav txog thawj peb tsab ntawv ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv - Az, Buki, Vedi.