Tsar Cannon

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Peb nyob hauv ib hom ntaub ntawv matrix lossis ua yeeb yam, raws li peb nyiam. Ib tug ua tib zoo decorates tag nrho cov txheej xwm rau peb nrog decorations. Cov keeb kwm yav dhau los yog framed zoo li lub tsev cia puav pheej exhibition. Ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm lub panorama hu ua "Medieval Muscovy nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj qus expanses ntawm Lavxias teb sab Plain" yog Tsar Cannon.

Peb tsis ntseeg cov lus ntawm cov neeg dag dag no, yog li txhua qhov khoom pov thawj yuav tsum tau kawm ntawm nws tus kheej. Nws feem ntau hloov tawm tias qhov no yog ib qho cuav uas ua los ntawm cov duab los yog ib qho khoom siv. Thiab qee zaum yam yog tiag tiag, tab sis tsis yog lub sijhawm lossis lub hom phiaj. Nws yog nthuav kom ua li no, koj ib txwm kawm ib yam dab tsi intimate.

Sau cov kev xav tsis zoo txog Tsar Cannon

Hnub no peb yuav tham txog Tsar Cannon. Muaj ntau qhov kev xav tsis zoo txog nws ntawm cov neeg. Piv txwv li:

"Russia muaj lub zog tshaj plaws thiab kev lag luam thiab thev naus laus zis ntau tshaj plaws rau kev tsim cov hlau cam hauv ntiaj teb, cov monuments uas yog cov khoom ntiag tug tshwj xeeb (qhov no yog hais txog Tsar Tswb thiab Tsar Cannon, - tus sau) … ntev tau ua pov thawj, thiab muaj cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj tias Tsar Cannon tau raug rho tawm haujlwm tiag tiag "(lus hais rau tsab xov xwm" Cov phab ntsa ntawm "Ancient Kremlin" tsis yog thaum ub", luam tawm hauv lub vev xaib "Newsland").

Nws yog qhov tseeb ntawm lub tswb. Lawv yog tsim tshwj xeeb ntawm bronze, thiab tsis muaj, tab sis ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb muaj pes tsawg leeg. Zoo, phom, tau kawg, txawv. Rau qhov no, nyob rau lub sijhawm nyuaj, peb cov neeg zoo txawm siv birch burl. Lawv muab ib lub pob zeb dumpy dawb paug, ua ib lub qhov nyob rau hauv nws, khi nws nrog hlau strips, hlawv ib tug me me qhov nyob rau hauv lub breech rau ib tug fuse, thiab tam sim no rab phom yog npaj txhij. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th thiab 19th, lawv feem ntau yog nchuav los ntawm cam khwb cia hlau. Tab sis Tsar Cannon tseem yog tooj liab.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nco ntsoov txog cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj tias rab phom raug rho tawm haujlwm. Tseeb tiag, muaj cov ntaub ntawv nthuav tawm ntawm cov neeg uas qee cov kws tshaj lij tau tsim muaj tseeb … pom … thiab lwm yam. Cov lus xaiv no tau tshaj tawm los ntawm cov neeg sau xov xwm. Txog leej twg, thiab qhov twg tiag tiag ntsia, yuav piav qhia hauv qab no.

Kuj xav txog cov lus nug ntawm lwm qhov kev xav tsis zoo uas nyob hauv lub siab ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb. Ntau tus ntawm lawv ntseeg tias Tsar Cannon yog rab phom loj. Lub tswv yim yooj yim heev uas tso cai rau cov neeg sau keeb kwm piav qhia ntau yam tsis meej uas cuam tshuam nrog nws. Qhov tseeb, qhov no tsis yog qhov teeb meem, uas yuav ua kom pom tseeb.

Muaj lwm qhov kev xav tsis tu ncua uas ua rau koj tsis ntseeg qhov kev xav ntawm tib neeg lub cev. Nws tau hais tias Tsar Cannon tau ua rau ntshai neeg txawv teb chaws, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov Ambassadors ntawm Crimean Tatars. Qhov absurdity ntawm cov lus no kuj yuav tshwm sim thaum koj nyeem tsab xov xwm.

Artillery complex "Tsar Cannon", nthuav tawm hauv Kremlin

Raws li txoj cai, Tsar Cannon yog ib qho medieval artillery piece, ib tug monument rau Lavxias teb sab artillery thiab foundry art, cam khwb cia hlau nyob rau hauv 1586 los ntawm Lavxias teb sab craftsman Andrei Chokhov ntawm lub Cannon Yard. Qhov ntev ntawm rab phom yog 5.34 m, sab nraud txoj kab uas hla yog 120 cm, txoj kab uas hla ntawm tus qauv siv ntawm lub muzzle yog 134 cm, lub caliber yog 890 mm (35 ntiv tes), thiab qhov hnyav yog 39.31 tons (2400). phaus).

Los ntawm thawj tus kws tshaj lij glance ntawm Tsar Cannon (tus sau yog tus kws tshaj lij hauv kev tsim cov caj npab me), nws pom tseeb tias koj tsis tuaj yeem tua nrog qhov no. Qhov tseeb, tsawg kawg yog ib tus tuaj yeem tua los ntawm yuav luag txhua yam - los ntawm kev txiav tawm cov kav dej, los ntawm tus ncej ski, thiab lwm yam. Tab sis qhov no artillery complex, ntawm cov zaub hauv Kremlin, yog qhov tiag khoom siv.

Ua ntej, cam khwb cia hlau cannonballs yog striking, uas nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19 tau los ua lub hauv paus ntawm cov kev sib tham heev txog lub hom phiaj zoo nkauj ntawm lub cannon. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 16th, lawv siv pob zeb cores, thiab lawv yog 2.5 npaug sib zog dua cov hlau cam khwb cia. Peb tuaj yeem hais tau tias cov phab ntsa ntawm lub cannon yuav tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv lub siab ntawm cov hmoov gases thaum raug rho tawm haujlwm nrog xws li cannonball. Tau kawg, qhov no tau nkag siab thaum lawv raug pov rau ntawm lub Hoobkas Byrd.

Thib ob, ib tug fake carriage, nrum nyob rau hauv tib qhov chaw. Koj tsis tuaj yeem tua los ntawm nws. Thaum tus qauv 800 kilogram pob zeb cannon raug rho tawm haujlwm los ntawm 40-tuj Tsar Cannon, txawm tias pib qis qis ntawm 100 meters ib ob, cov hauv qab no yuav tshwm sim:

- nthuav cov hmoov gases, tsim kom muaj zog ntxiv, yuav xaiv qhov chaw thawb qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm cov tub ntxhais cannon thiab hauv qab;

- cov tub ntxhais yuav pib txav mus rau hauv ib qho kev taw qhia, thiab lub cannon - nyob rau hauv qhov opposite direction, thaum lub ceev ntawm lawv txav yuav inversely proportional rau cov huab hwm coj (peb lub sij hawm lub cev yog sib dua, ntau zaus nws yuav ya).

Qhov loj ntawm rab phom tsuas yog 50x ua ntau lub nucleus (piv txwv li Kalashnikov rab phom tua phom, piv txwv li, qhov sib piv no yog qhov kev txiav txim ntawm 400), yog li ntawd, thaum lub nucleus ya mus rau ntawm qhov ceev ntawm 100 meters ib ob, lub cannon yuav dov rov qab ntawm qhov ceev. txog 2 meters ib ob. Qhov no colossus yuav tsis nres tam sim ntawd, tseem 40 tons. Lub zog recoil yuav yog kwv yees li qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov nyuaj ntawm KAMAZ ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm qhov nrawm ntawm 30 km / h.

Tsar cannon yuav rhais tawm lub phom carriage. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tsuas yog nyob saum nws, zoo li lub log. Tag nrho cov no tsuas yog tuav tau los ntawm ib qho tshwj xeeb zawv zawg carriage nrog hydraulic dampers (rollback dampers) thiab ib tug txhim khu kev qha txuas ntawm kev siv. Kuv paub tseeb tias koj, qhov no yog cov cuab yeej zoo nkauj txawm tias niaj hnub no, tab sis tom qab ntawd qhov no tsuas tsis muaj nyob. Thiab tag nrho cov no tsis yog kuv lub tswv yim xwb:

(Alexander Shirokorad "Lub Miracle Riam phom ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws").

Yog li ntawd, lub artillery complex uas qhia rau peb nyob rau hauv lub Kremlin nyob rau hauv lub npe Tsar Cannon, qhov no loj heev khoom siv.

Kev teem caij ntawm Tsar Cannon

Niaj hnub no, cov kev xav hais txog kev siv Tsar Cannon ua rab phom tau raug tham tsis tu ncua. Lub tswv yim yog yooj yim heev rau historians. Yog tias nws yog phom phom, koj tsis tas yuav nqa nws mus qhov twg. Muab tso rau hauv qhov khoob thiab qhov ntawd yog nws, tos tus yeeb ncuab.

Dab tsi Andrei Chokhov pov rau hauv 1586, uas yog, tooj liab chim nws tus kheej, tuaj yeem tua tiag tiag. Tsuas yog nws yuav tsis saib tag nrho txoj kev uas ntau tus neeg xav. Qhov tseeb yog tias, los ntawm nws tus qauv tsim, Tsar Cannon tsis yog cannon, tab sis classic foob pob.

Ib rab phom yog ib rab phom ntev ntawm 40 calibers thiab siab dua. Tsar Cannon tsuas muaj 4 calibers xwb. Thiab rau lub foob pob, qhov ntawd tsuas yog zoo. Lawv feem ntau ntawm impressive loj, thiab tau siv rau siege, li battering cuab yeej … Yuav kom rhuav tshem lub fortress phab ntsa, koj xav tau ib tug hnyav projectile. Rau qhov no, thiab calibers loj heev.

Thaum ntawd tsis muaj ib tug tham txog ib rab phom. Lub thoob tsuas yog khawb rau hauv av. Qhov kawg ntawm lub tiaj tiaj tau so tawm tsam cov pawg sib sib zog nqus.

Nyob ze, 2 trenches ntxiv tau khawb rau cov neeg ua haujlwm phom loj, vim tias cov riam phom no feem ntau raug rhuav tshem. Kev them nyiaj qee zaum siv sijhawm ib hnub. Li no tus nqi hluav taws ntawm cov phom no yog los ntawm 1 mus rau 6 rounds ib hnub twg. Tab sis tag nrho cov no yog tsim nyog, vim hais tias nws ua rau nws muaj peev xwm mus tsoo impregnable phab ntsa, ua tsis muaj lub hlis ntawm sieges thiab txo combat losses thaum lub sij hawm ua phem.

Qhov no ib leeg tuaj yeem yog qhov taw qhia ntawm kev nrum 40 tuj chim nrog lub caliber ntawm 900 mm. Tsar Cannon yog lub foob pob - battering cuab yeej, npaj rau siege ntawm yeeb ncuab fortresses, thiab tsis nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov phom, raws li ib txhia yog inclined mus ntseeg. Nov yog qhov kev xav ntawm tus kws tshaj lij ntawm qhov teeb meem no:

(Alexander Shirokorad "Lub Miracle Riam phom ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws").

Tsar Cannon yeej tsis tau siv rau nws lub hom phiaj

Raws li nws tau hais thaum pib ntawm tsab xov xwm, muaj lus xaiv txog qee qhov "cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj" uas Tsar Cannon raug rho tawm haujlwm. Qhov tseeb, tsis yog tsuas yog qhov tseeb ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj yog qhov tseem ceeb, tab sis kuj nrog qhov nws txhaj tshuaj, thiab nyob rau hauv dab tsi tshwm sim. Cov phom phom uas siv los thauj cov phom tuaj yeem sib txawv, thiab cov phom phom tuaj yeem sib txawv. Lub siab nyob rau hauv lub bore thiab lub zog ntawm txhaj tshuaj yog nyob ntawm qhov no. Tag nrho cov no tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim siab tam sim no. Tsis tas li ntawd, yog tias kev sim txhaj tshuaj tau raug rho tawm los ntawm rab phom, ces qhov no yog ib yam, thiab yog tias nws tau siv hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua, nws yog lwm qhov. Nov yog ib nqe lus hais txog qhov teeb meem no:

(Alexander Shirokorad "Lub Miracle Riam phom ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws").

Los ntawm txoj kev, tsab ntawv ceeb toom ntawm tib cov kws tshwj xeeb no tsis tau luam tawm rau qee qhov laj thawj tsis paub. Thiab txij li daim ntawv tshaj tawm tsis qhia rau leej twg, ces nws tsis tuaj yeem suav tias yog pov thawj. Cov kab lus "lawv tua tsawg kawg ib zaug" pom tau tias poob los ntawm ib tus ntawm lawv hauv kev sib tham lossis kev xam phaj, txwv tsis pub peb yuav tsis paub dab tsi txog nws txhua. Yog hais tias rab phom tau siv rau nws lub hom phiaj, ces inevitably nyob rau hauv lub chim yuav tsis tau tsuas yog hais tias phom phom, uas tau rumored tau pom, tab sis kuj mechanical puas tsuaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm longitudinal khawb. Hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua, Tsar Cannon yuav raug rho tawm haujlwm tsis yog paj rwb, tab sis nrog pob zeb phom hnyav txog 800 kg.

Tseem yuav tsum muaj qee qhov hnav ntawm qhov chaw bore. Nws tsis tuaj yeem ua lwm yam, vim bronze yog cov khoom muag muag. Cov lus qhia "tsawg kawg" tsuas yog ua tim khawv rau qhov tseeb tias sib nrug los ntawm cov hmoov phom, tsis muaj dab tsi tseem ceeb tuaj yeem pom muaj. Yog tias muaj, ces rab phom tsis tau siv rau nws lub hom phiaj. Thiab cov hmoov hmoov tuaj yeem nyob twj ywm los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj.

Lub ntsiab lus hauv lo lus nug no yog muab los ntawm qhov tseeb tias Tsar Cannon yeej tsis tso tseg Cov kev txwv ntawm Moscow:

(Alexander Shirokorad "Lub Miracle Riam phom ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws").

Hauv tsev, siv cov cuab yeej ntaus pob rau nws lub hom phiaj yog kev tua tus kheej. Leej twg tau mus tua 800 kg cannonball los ntawm phab ntsa ntawm Kremlin? Nws yog qhov tsis muaj txiaj ntsig los tua cov yeeb ncuab cov neeg ua haujlwm ib hnub ib zaug. Thaum ntawd tsis muaj tank. Tej zaum cia siab tias yuav tshwm sim ntawm Godzilla. Tau kawg, cov phom loj loj no tau muab tso rau hauv pej xeem tsis yog rau kev sib ntaus sib tua, tab sis yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm lub teb chaws lub koob meej. Thiab, ntawm chav kawm, qhov no tsis yog lawv lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb.

Nyob rau hauv Peter I, Tsar Cannon tau teeb tsa rau thaj tsam ntawm Kremlin nws tus kheej. Nws nyob rau hnub no. Yog vim li cas nws yeej tsis siv nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua, txawm hais tias raws li ib tug battering riam phom nws yog heev combat-npaj? Tej zaum qhov laj thawj rau qhov no yog nws qhov hnyav dhau lawm? Puas yog qhov tseeb los txav riam phom mus ntev?

Kev thauj mus los

Niaj hnub nimno historians tsis tshua nug lawv tus kheej cov lus nug: "rau dab tsi?" … Thiab lo lus nug no tseem ceeb heev. Yog li ntawd, cia peb nug, yog vim li cas nws thiaj li yuav tsum tau cam khwb cia ib tug siege riam phom hnyav 40 tons, yog hais tias nws yuav muab tsis tau mus rau lub nroog yeeb ncuab? Yuav ntshai cov ambassadors? Tsis zoo li. Peb tuaj yeem ua tus qauv pheej yig rau qhov no thiab qhia nws nyob deb. Vim li cas nkim ntau zog thiab bronze ntawm bluffs? Tsis yog, Tsar Cannon tau molded los siv xyaum. Qhov ntawd txhais tau tias lawv tuaj yeem txav mus los. Lawv yuav ua li cas li no?

40 tons yeej nyuaj heev. Qhov hnyav li no tsis muaj peev xwm hloov lub tsheb KAMAZ. Nws yog tsim rau tsuas yog 10 tons ntawm cargo. Yog tias koj sim thauj lub cannon ntawm nws, qhov kev ncua yuav xub tawg, ces tus ncej yuav khoov. Qhov no yuav tsum muaj lub tsheb laij teb uas muaj 4 npaug ntau dua thiab muaj zog. Thiab txhua yam uas tuaj yeem ua los ntawm cov ntoo, rau lub hom phiaj ntawm kev thauj mus los yooj yim ntawm lub cannon ntawm lub log, yuav muaj qhov ntev ntawm cyclopean. Lub qag ntawm lub log tsheb yuav tsum yog tsawg kawg yog 80 cm tuab, tsis muaj qhov taw tes hauv kev xav ntxiv, txawm li cas los xij tsis muaj pov thawj ntawm qee yam zoo li no. Txhua qhov chaw nws tau sau tias Tsar Cannon raug rub, tsis nqa.

Saib daim duab uas muaj riam phom hnyav raug thauj khoom.

Hmoov tsis zoo, ntawm no peb pom tsuas yog thawb lub foob pob tawm ntawm lub lawj, thiab tsis yog tus txheej txheem txav nws tus kheej. Tab sis lub platform thauj yog pom nyob rau hauv keeb kwm yav dhau. Nws muaj lub qhov ntswg khoov rau sab saum toj (tiv thaiv kev sib tsoo hauv qhov tsis sib xws). Lub platform tau meej meej siv rau zawv zawg. Uas yog, lub load tau dragged, tsis dov. Thiab nws yog lawm. Cov rollers yuav tsum tsuas yog siv rau ntawm theem thiab cov khoom siv. Koj tuaj yeem nrhiav tau qhov twg? Nws kuj yog ib qho to taub heev tias lub qhov ntswg nkhaus yog khi nrog hlau, vim tias qhov hnyav hnyav heev.

Feem ntau cov phom phom tsis hnyav tshaj 20 tons. Cia peb xav tias lawv npog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev los ntawm dej. Tsiv cov foob pob tawg no los ntawm kev rub tawm luv luv ntawm ob peb kilometers nrog kev pab los ntawm ntau tus nees kuj yog ib txoj haujlwm ua tau, txawm tias nyuaj heev. Tab sis koj puas tuaj yeem ua ib yam nrog rab phom 40 tuj?

Feem ntau, cov kev tshawb fawb no xaus nrog cov lus xws li "keeb kwm xwm txheej". Raws li yog tias lawv txiav txim siab ua rau txhua tus xav tsis thoob, lawv pov ib yam loj heev, tab sis lawv tsis xav tias yuav rub nws li cas. Ntawm no, lawv hais, raws li nws yog nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab - Tsar Tswb, uas tsis rings, thiab Tsar Cannon, uas tsis tua hluav taws. Tab sis peb yuav tsis txuas ntxiv hauv tus ntsuj plig no. Cia peb hais lus zoo rau qhov xav tias peb cov thawj coj tau ruam tshaj li cov neeg keeb kwm niaj hnub no. Txaus rau liam txhua yam ntawm inexperience ntawm craftsmen thiab tyranny ntawm tsars.

Vajntxwv, uas tau tswj hwm lub luag haujlwm siab no, tau xaj 40-tuj phom, them rau nws cov khoom siv, tsis yog ib tus neeg ruam, thiab yuav tsum xav txog nws txoj haujlwm zoo heev. Xws li cov teeb meem kim heev tsis tuaj yeem daws tau tam sim ntawm tus puav. Nws nkag siab raws nraim li cas nws yuav xa qhov "khoom plig" no rau cov phab ntsa ntawm cov yeeb ncuab nroog.

Los ntawm txoj kev, kev zam txim zoo li "lawv tau ua ntej, thiab tom qab ntawd lawv xav tias yuav luag li cas" yog qhov muaj ntau hauv kev tshawb fawb keeb kwm. Nws tau ua ib txwm ua. Tsis ntev tas los no, Kab lis kev cai Channel tau hais rau cov neeg saib txog Suav tsoos architecture. Lawv tau pom ib lub pob zeb uas tau muab tso rau hauv lub pob zeb uas hnyav 86,000 tons. Cov lus piav qhia dav dav yog raws li hauv qab no: "Tus huab tais Suav tau liam tias muaj kev sib txawv hauv nws lub siab lub ntsws vim muaj kev khav theeb loj heev thiab txiav txim rau nws tus kheej lub qhov ntxa ntawm qhov tsis txaus ntseeg. Nws tus kheej, cov kws tsim vaj tsev, ntau txhiab tus neeg txiav pob zeb, raug liam tias, muaj kev puas siab puas ntsws nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm logic. Tau ntau xyoo lawm, lawv txhua tus tau ua ib qho megaproject. Thaum kawg, lawv tau txiav cov nplais thiab tsuas yog tom qab ntawd pom tau tias lawv yuav tsis tuaj yeem txav nws. Zoo, lawv tau tso tseg txoj kev lag luam no." Nws zoo li peb rooj plaub.

Qhov tseeb tias Tsar Cannon tsis yog ib qho kev txaus siab ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv Moscow ua pov thawj tias muaj riam phom loj dua. Malik-e-Maidan.

Nws tau raug pov rau hauv Ahman-dagar hauv Is Nrias teb xyoo 1548, thiab muaj qhov hnyav li 57 tons. Nyob ntawd, cov neeg keeb kwm kuj hu nkauj txog 10 tus ntxhw thiab 400 tus nyuj uas rub lub phom no. Qhov no yog riam phom siege ntawm tib lub hom phiaj raws li Tsar Cannon, tsuas yog 17 tons hnyav dua. Qhov no yog dab tsi, qhov thib ob keeb kwm tshwm sim nyob rau tib lub sij hawm keeb kwm? Thiab yuav nrhiav tau ntau npaum li cas ntawm cov riam phom no kom nkag siab tias lawv raug ntiab tawm ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd, xa mus rau cov nroog uas raug kaw thiab siv tau? Yog hnub no peb tsis to taub tias nws tshwm sim li cas, ces qhov no yog peb txoj kev paub.

Kuv ntseeg tias qhov no yog qhov uas peb rov qab mus dua residual-qis ntawm peb niaj hnub technical culture. Qhov no yog vim qhov distorted scientific worldview. Los ntawm qhov kev xav niaj hnub no, peb tsis pom qhov kev daws teeb meem uas pom tseeb thaum lub sijhawm ntawd. Nws tseem yuav xaus tias txawm nyob rau xyoo pua 16th hauv Russia thiab hauv Is Nrias teb lawv paub qee yam uas ua rau nws tuaj yeem txav tau cov khoom zoo li no.

Kev poob ntawm artillery technology nyob rau hauv Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog

Ntawm qhov piv txwv ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws, ib tus tuaj yeem pom qhov pom tseeb degradation ntawm artillery nyob rau hauv lub centuries ntawm lub Nrab Hnub nyoog. Thawj cov qauv yog ua los ntawm ob txheej hlau. Cov txheej sab hauv yog welded los ntawm longitudinal strips, thaum sab nraud yog ntxiv nrog tuab transverse rings. Tom qab qee lub sijhawm, lawv pib ua cov cuab yeej siv tooj liab. Qhov no yeej txo lawv txoj kev ntseeg siab thiab, raws li, nce lawv qhov hnyav. Txhua tus engineer yuav qhia rau koj tias wrought hlau yog qhov kev txiav txim ntawm qhov muaj zog dua li cam khwb cia tooj liab. Ntxiv mus, yog hais tias nws yog assembled, raws li tau piav saum toj no, nyob rau hauv ib tug ob-txheej pob nrog cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov fibers sib xws rau cov uas twb muaj lawm loads. Tej zaum yog vim li cas yog lub siab xav txo tus nqi ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim khoom.

Kev tsim ntawm thawj lub foob pob kuj tseem ceeb heev. Piv txwv li, niaj hnub no koj yuav tsis pom cov qauv niaj hnub ntawm cov caj npab me me uas yuav raug thauj los ntawm lub qhov muzzle. Qhov no yog qhov qub heev. Rau ib puas xyoo thiab ib nrab, breech loading tau siv. Txoj kev no muaj ntau qhov zoo - ob qho tib si tus nqi hluav taws xob siab dua thiab kev saib xyuas ntawm rab phom yog yooj yim dua. Muaj tsuas yog ib qho drawback - ib tug complex tsim nrog xauv lub breech ntawm lub chim thaum lub sij hawm txhaj tshuaj.

Yuav ua li cas nthuav tias thawj rab phom (bombards) hauv keeb kwm tam sim ntawd muaj txoj hauv kev nce qib ntawm kev thauj khoom los ntawm breech. Lub breech feem ntau txuas mus rau lub thoob nrog ib tug xov, uas yog, nws twb screwed rau hauv. Qhov kev tsim no tau khaws cia rau qee lub sijhawm hauv cov phom cam khwb cia.

Ntawm no yog qhov piv txwv ntawm Turkish bombard thiab Tsar Cannon. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm geometric tsis, lawv zoo sib xws heev, tab sis Tsar Cannon, cam khwb cia ib puas xyoo tom qab, twb tau ua ib tug. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias nyob rau hauv lub 15th … 16th centuries lawv hloov mus rau ib tug ntau primitive muzzle loading.

Tsuas muaj ib qho kev xaus ntawm no - thawj lub foob pob tau ua nrog residual kev paub Txhim kho kev tsim cov kev daws teeb meem ntawm cov riam phom phom, thiab tejzaum nws tau theej los ntawm qee cov qauv qub thiab ntau dua. Txawm li cas los xij, lub hauv paus thev naus laus zis twb rov qab los rau cov kev daws teeb meem tsim, thiab tsuas yog tuaj yeem tsim dua li peb pom hauv cov cuab yeej nruab nrab. Nrog rau qib no ntawm kev tsim khoom, qhov zoo ntawm breech loading yog xyaum tsis tshwm sim, tab sis lawv stubbornly txuas ntxiv mus ua breech-loading, vim lawv tseem tsis tau paub yuav ua li cas nws txawv. Sij hawm dhau mus, cov kab lis kev cai tau txuas ntxiv mus rau qhov tsis zoo, raws li txoj cai, thiab cov phom tau pib ua ib qho, raws li cov txheej txheem kev thauj khoom yooj yim dua thiab qub los ntawm muzzle.

Xaus

Yog li daim duab logical tau lined. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 16th, lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm Moscow tau ua phem ntau heev, ob qho tib si nyob rau sab hnub tuaj (kev ntes Kazan), nyob rau sab qab teb (Astrakhan), thiab sab hnub poob (kev ua tsov ua rog nrog Poland, Lithuania thiab Sweden). Lub cannon raug pov rau hauv 1586. Kazan twb raug coj los ntawm lub sijhawm no. Kev tsis sib haum xeeb tau tsim los nrog cov tebchaws sab hnub poob, zoo li kev so. Lub Tsar Cannon puas tuaj yeem xav tau raws li cov xwm txheej no? Yog lawm, kiag li. Qhov kev vam meej ntawm cov tub rog phiaj los nqis tes yog nyob ntawm qhov muaj cov battering artillery. Lub nroog fortress ntawm cov neeg nyob ze sab hnub poob yuav tsum tau coj qee yam. Ivan the Terrible tuag nyob rau hauv 1584, 2 xyoo ua ntej lub cannon raug pov. Tab sis nws yog nws leej twg txiav txim siab lub xeev xav tau cov riam phom zoo li no, thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm lawv cov khoom tsim tau pib. Nov yog li cas cov xwm txheej nthuav tawm:

(Alexander Shirokorad "Lub Miracle Riam phom ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws").

Nyob rau hauv Ivan lub txaus ntshai, zus tau tej cov riam phom yog debugged thiab lawv siv tau mastered, nrog rau kev thauj mus los. Txawm li cas los xij, lub xeev muaj zog-willed tuav tau ploj mus tom qab nws tuag thiab nkag mus rau lub zwm txwv ntawm ib tug successor. Fyodor 1 Ioannovich yog ib tug txiv neej ntawm ib hom sib txawv kiag li. Cov neeg hu nws tsis muaj kev txhaum thiab tau koob hmoov. Tej zaum, ua tsaug rau kev siv zog ntawm cov thwjtim ntawm Ivan the Terrible, qhov kev txiav txim rau kev tsim khoom ntawm Tsar Cannon txawm li cas los xij tsim. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov loj ntawm Andrei Chokhov lub creation tseem tshaj qhov xav tau ntawm tus tshiab tsar. Yog li ntawd, Tsar Cannon tseem tsis tau lees paub, txawm hais tias muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua nrog kev siv phom loj tau tawm tsam tom qab 4 xyoo (kev ua tsov rog Lavxias-Swedish xyoo 1590-1595).

Xaus

Tsar Cannon yog tiag tiag … Entourage ncig nws - khoom siv … Tsim pej xeem kev xav txog nws - cuav … Tsar Cannon yuav tsum ua rau peb xav tsis thoob, ntau dua li cov megaliths thaum ub. Tom qab tag nrho, lawv yog amazing nyob rau hauv lub pob zeb loj uas hnyav ob peb tons tau raug xa … tsa … tso … thiab hais txog. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 16th, tsis muaj dab tsi tshiab, txawv ntawm Neolithic, tau siv rau hauv kev thauj mus los thiab kev thauj khoom (raws li cov lus pom zoo), tab sis 40 ton phom thauj. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov pob zeb tau muab tso rau ib zaug thiab rau ib-paus xyoo, thiab tsis muaj qhov hnyav npaum li cas yuav tsum tau rov qab txav mus deb heev.

Nws yog txhua yam xav tsis thoob vim tias nws tau ua tsis ntev los no, rov qab rau xyoo pua 16th. Tom qab tag nrho, txog lub sij hawm ntawm megaliths, cov kws tshawb fawb muaj kev ywj pheej rau kev xav raws li lawv thov - ntau pua txhiab tus qhev, ntau pua xyoo ntawm kev tsim kho, thiab lwm yam, tab sis ntau tus paub txog lub xyoo pua 16th. Ntawm no koj yuav tsis mus qus nrog fantasies.

Nyob rau hauv lub Kremlin txuj ci tseem ceebdisguised ua kev tsis txaus ntseeg, tab sis peb tsis pom nws, vim tias peb raug ntxuav nrog kev tshaj tawm, tsis tseeb hypotheses thiab kev xav ntawm cov tub ceev xwm.

Alexey Artemiev, Izhevsk