Nuclear nto fleet: lub nkoj loj tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Cov ntaub ntawv tshem tawm ntawm 25 txhiab tons, nuclear fais fab nroj tsuag, lub missile thiab artillery riam phom haib tshaj plaws - raws nraim 30 xyoo dhau los, lub Plaub Hlis 29, 1989, lub kawg ntawm plaub lub Orlan project heavy nuclear cruisers twb launched. Niaj hnub no, Lavxias Navy muaj ob lub nkoj zoo li no. Rau lub hom phiaj lawv tau tsim thiab dab tsi tos qhov project yav tom ntej - hauv cov khoom ntawm RIA Novosti.

Atomic giants

Lub tswv yim ntawm kev tsim lub nuclear-powered nto fleet originated nyob rau hauv lub USSR nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-1950s. Nws tau xav tias Navy yuav tau txais 8000-tuj cruiser nrog yuav luag tsis txwv kev caij nkoj. Txawm li cas los xij, txoj kev loj hlob sai ntawm US nuclear submarine nkoj tau kho cov phiaj xwm ntawm Soviet cov lus txib. Txhawm rau tawm tsam ntau lub submarines nqa nkoj thiab ballistic nuclear missiles, tag nrho cov kev tiv thaiv submarine tau tsim. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv lawv zoo, yuav tsum muaj lub nkoj loj dua. Kev lag luam tau raug qhia kom tsim lub nkoj nkoj nrog kev hloov pauv ntawm 25 txhiab tons, uas tuaj yeem nqa tau txhua yam riam phom naval - missile, tiv thaiv dav hlau, tiv thaiv submarine thiab phom loj. Qhov project tau muab tus lej 1144 "Orlan".

Thawj ntawm plaub nyob rau hauv ib tug series ntawm hnyav nuclear cruisers TARKR "Kirov" (txij li thaum 1992 - "Admiral Ushakov") tau nteg nyob rau hauv 1973 nyob rau hauv lub chaw ntawm lub Northern Design Bureau. "Kirov" tsis muaj analogues ncaj qha thiab dhau los ua lub nkoj loj tshaj plaws hauv lub ntiaj teb. Cov neeg Amelikas kuj muaj lub nkoj uas muaj hluav taws xob nuclear, tab sis ntau qhov me me - piv txwv li, kev khiav tawm ntawm Virginia-class cruisers tsuas yog 11 txhiab tons.

Qhov thib ob "Orlan" TARKR "Frunze" (txij li xyoo 1992 - "Admiral Lazarev") tau nkag mus rau kev pabcuam thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1980, thib peb - TARKR "Kalinin" (txij li xyoo 1992 - "Admiral Nakhimov") - hauv 1988. Kev tsim kho thiab hloov lub nkoj kawg ntawm "Peter the Great" series mus rau lub nkoj tau siv ntau tshaj kaum xyoo. Nws tau muab tso rau hauv 1986, thiab lub nkoj tau nkag mus rau hauv hiav txwv sim hauv Far North hauv 1996. Nws tau pauv mus rau Navy nkaus xwb hauv xyoo 1998. Qhov kev ncua sij hawm tau tshwm sim los ntawm kev tawg ntawm USSR, kev hloov pauv hauv qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub teb chaws txoj kev coj noj coj ua thiab kev puas tsuaj rau kev tsis muaj nyiaj txiag.

Floating arsenal

Orlan qhov kev sib cav tseem ceeb yog ob lub kaum os Granit nuclear lossis cov khoom siv hluav taws xob supersonic cruise missiles. Txhua lub foob pob hluav taws hnyav xya tons thiab muaj peev xwm cuam tshuam cov foob pob tawg hnyav hnyav 750 kilograms lossis 500 kiloton nuclear warhead rau 600 kilometers. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm "Granit" yog txhawm rau rhuav tshem cov yeeb ncuab dav hlau thauj cov pab pawg. Txawm li cas los xij, cov hom phiaj ntawm ntug hiav txwv kuj tuaj yeem raug rho tawm haujlwm.

Lub S-300F "Fort" anti-aircraft complex nrog ib puas anti-aircraft missiles yog tus saib xyuas ntawm huab cua. Npaj txhij mus tua hluav taws rau rau lub hom phiaj cua thiab nrog rau kaum ob. Lub hauv paus ntawm qhov thib ob echelon ntawm kev tiv thaiv huab cua yog Dagger system nrog cov mos txwv muaj peev xwm ntawm 128 missiles. Ua kom puas cov cuaj luaj uas tswj kom tawg los ntawm thaj tsam ntawm "Fort".

Ntawm qhov thib peb, ze tshaj plaws, kab ntawm kev tiv thaiv, muaj rau Kortik anti-aircraft artillery systems, universal twinned 130-mm cannon thiab yim rau-barreled 30-mm tshuab phom nrog tus nqi ntawm hluav taws ntawm rau txhiab rounds ib feeb. Rau cov yeeb ncuab submarines - ob tug tiv thaiv submarine systems "Dej Dej tsaws tsag". Tsis muaj riam phom muaj zog li no rau ib lub nkoj nkoj hauv ntiaj teb. Txhawm rau ua haujlwm thiab tswj xyuas lub nkoj lub cev, nws yuav tsum muaj cov neeg ua haujlwm sib piv rau qhov loj me rau cov pej xeem ntawm lub nroog me - 1,100 tus tub ceev xwm, tub ceev xwm thiab cov neeg tsav nkoj.

Naval Strategists

Raws li tus ex-commander ntawm Northern Fleet Vyacheslav Popov, uas paub Peter lub Great ua ntej, ships ntawm cov chav kawm ntawv yog urgently xav tau los ntawm Lavxias teb sab Navy. "Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog txhawm rau rhuav tshem lub hom phiaj naval," tus neeg saib xyuas tau piav qhia rau RIA Novosti. "Tib lub sijhawm, kev tiv thaiv huab cua muaj zog heev. Nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua, lub cruiser plays lub luag hauj lwm ntawm lub nkoj tiv thaiv huab cua. Thiab lub chaw tsim hluav taws xob nuclear nthuav tawm qhov muaj peev xwm, qhov tseeb, mus rau qhov kawg. Ntxiv nrog rau cov foob pob hluav taws, muaj lub zog tiv thaiv submarine, tiv thaiv torpedo thiab tiv thaiv mine. Qhov no yog ib lub nkoj uas muaj ntau yam uas nws yuav luag tsis tuaj yeem mus ze rau nws thiab rhuav tshem nws. Kuv tau tawm mus rau hauv hiav txwv ntawm nws ntau zaus thiab pom tias huab cua tiv thaiv kab ke ua haujlwm zoo li cas, yuav ua li cas cov missile supersonic raug tua."

Cov nkoj zoo li no, Popov ntxiv, yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev nom kev tswv. "Lub Navy, tsis zoo li lwm ceg ntawm Tub Rog Tub Rog, muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm hauv lub sijhawm muaj kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb yam tsis muaj kev ua txhaum cai ciam teb, cov kev cai thoob ntiaj teb thiab kev cog lus," "Qhov dav dav, Lub Ntiaj Teb Dej Hiav Txwv yog qhov nruab nrab, tshwj tsis yog cov kab me me. Cov dej hiav txwv thiab cov cheeb tsam kev lag luam, cov nkoj tau npaj txhij los ua qauv qhia lawv tus chij, lawv muaj nyob rau hauv txhua qhov chaw ntawm Dej Hiav Txwv Ntiaj Teb, lub nkoj nkoj, nkoj tua hluav taws lossis frigate tuaj yeem mus rau yuav luag txhua qhov chaw nres nkoj hauv ntiaj teb. kev mus ntsib kev phooj ywg, piv txwv li, ntawm Kantemirovsk tank division los yog qee yam kev tiv thaiv motorized phom loj.

Niaj hnub no, Lavxias teb sab Navy muaj ob lub Orlans. "Peter the Great", tus chij ntawm Northern Fleet, ua tiav cov haujlwm ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua. "Admiral Nakhimov" tab tom kho kom zoo dua qub thiab kho tshiab, uas, raws li cov phiaj xwm ntawm Ministry of Defense, yuav ua tiav los ntawm 2021. Lwm lub nkoj TAVRK "Admiral Lazarev" yog mothballed. Lavxias thiab txawv teb chaws xov xwm twb tau tshaj tawm tias nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm modernization, lub Orlans tej zaum yuav armed nrog cov tshiab Zircon hypersonic missiles, Onyx thiab Caliber missile systems.

© Evgeny Bezeka