Cov keeb kwm coj txawv txawv ntawm chess

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-16 18:48

Xyoo 1575, raws li keeb kwm ua pov thawj, thawj qhov kev sib tw chess thoob ntiaj teb tau tuav ntawm lub tsev hais plaub ntawm tus huab tais Spanish Philip II. Ruy Lopez, Alfonso Seron thiab Italian masters Giovanni Leonardo thiab Paulo Boya sib tw. Yeej los ntawm Leonardo, yeej rov qab tawm tsam Lopez rau kev swb hauv Rome xyoo 1559.

Qhov tseeb tias qee qhov xwm txheej hauv keeb kwm ntawm chess txuas nrog huab tais tsis tuaj yeem tab sis zoo siab rau ib qho laj thawj. Tom qab tag nrho, peb paub ntau ntxiv txog vajntxwv dua li cov neeg ua si chess. Muaj tseeb tiag, nrog cov vajntxwv ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd, txhua yam tsis yog qhov tseeb. Tsis tas li ntawd kuv yuav xa mus rau phau ntawv los ntawm Vyacheslav Lopatin "Scaliger's Matrix", uas qhia ntau yam "muaj koob muaj npe" oddities. Cov dab neeg tsis yog txhua tus vaj ntxwv zoo li coj txawv txawv, tab sis Philip II yog "muaj hmoo."

Kuv yuav sim piav qhia luv luv rau cov neeg nyeem cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov haujlwm zoo kawg nkaus thiab ua lej ntawm Vyacheslav Lopatin.

Cov keeb kwm chronology tau tsim los ntawm medieval numerologist Scaliger thiab nws cov thwjtim, tsis yog raws li qhov tseeb ntawm yav dhau los, uas nws twb tsis tuaj yeem sau, tab sis los ntawm kev siv kabbalistic matrix rau cov xwm txheej paub rau lawv, uas, rau. qee qhov laj thawj nyuaj rau kev nkag siab, qhov tseem ceeb tseem ceeb tau txuas nrog cov lej lej 9. Cov lej suav tau txais, yog tias tag nrho cov lej uas ua tus lej raug ntxiv tag nrho rau qhov nres. Piv txwv li:

1575 = 1+5+7+5=18=1+8=9…

Nws tsis zoo li Scaliger tau xav txog hnub ntawm kev sib tw chess - nws muaj ntau yam tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau ua, uas yog, tag nrho cov xwm txheej ntawm tag nrho cov keeb kwm ntawm noob neej. Tab sis nrog huab tais, huab tais thiab txawm tias Lavxias teb sab tsars thiab Turkish sultans, peb tau txais kev txom nyem ntau. Ntau tus neeg nyob ze peb yav dhau los muaj cov neeg sib tw ntuj uas pib tawm tsam, zaum ntawm lub zwm txwv, sib yuav, sib nrauj, tua lawv cov tub, mus rau monasteries, abdicate lub zwm txwv, tuag thiab lwm yam - nyob rau hauv sync nrog "tus qauv", thiab vim li cas yuav luag ib txwm nrog lub sijhawm, cov lej ntawm cov lej uas sib npaug rau cuaj heev. Txhawm rau kom txaus siab rau qhov ntsuas tag nrho ntawm qhov kev tsis txaus ntseeg qhov kev puas tsuaj no ntawm qhov peb tau siv los txiav txim siab txog keeb kwm tiag tiag, ib tus yuav tsum nyeem Lopatin nws tus kheej, thiab tsis yog kuv cov lus luv luv. Qhov no yog impressive, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog txij li thaum tus sau yuav siv tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm.

Yog li tus neeg txhawb nqa ntawm thawj chess kev sib tw hauv keeb kwm ntawm noob neej, tus huab tais Spanish Philip II hloov mus ua "ob npaug" nrog tus qauv yav tom ntej. Ntawd yog, Philip II feem ntau yuav tsis muaj nyob hauv keeb kwm txhua, thiab nws "biography" tsuas yog tsim los ntawm qee tus neeg keeb kwm hauv tsev hais plaub uas txuas ntxiv keeb kwm ntawm lub xeev Spanish rov qab mus rau ntau pua xyoo raws li cov tswv yim ntawm Scaliger thiab nws cov thwjtim, raws li. lub neej ntawm tus huab tais kav tiag tiag. Yuav ua li cas qhov no ua tiav yog qhia ntau pua zaus hauv Lopatin.

Qhov no tsis tau txhais hais tias nyob rau xyoo 1575, tib neeg tsis nyob hauv thaj chaw ntawm Spain, thiab tsis muaj vaj ntxwv. Tau kawg, muaj ib yam dab tsi nyob ntawd, tej zaum muaj txawm yog Vaj Ntxwv Filis, tab sis qhov tshwm sim rau nws thiab nrog nws tsis yog li cov keeb kwm qhia peb. Thiab peb yuav tsis paub qhov tseeb, txij thaum ntawd los tsis muaj leej twg tau tshwj xeeb sau ib yam dab tsi, vim tib neeg tseem tsis tau xav tau keeb kwm tiag tiag, tab sis dab tsi yog concocted tom qab lub sij hawm thiab nthuav tawm raws li cov ntaub ntawv ntawm yav dhau los eras … Koj paub, nws los. rau kev tsis txaus ntseeg… Hauv Neustadt phau ntawv Chess ua ntej Steinitz, cov lus hauv qab no yog sau:

Interestingly, cov neeg no uas nto moo muab lub hnub nyoog ntawm ib txhiab xyoo rau ib daim ntawv ua los ntawm cov ntawv - lawv puas tsawg kawg tuav cov ntawv xov xwm qub nyob rau hauv lawv txhais tes tsawg kawg ib zaug nyob rau hauv lawv lub neej? Koj puas tau pom dab tsi tau ua nrog daim ntawv hauv tsib caug xyoo? Tag nrho cov tib yam, historians … Rau ib txhiab xyoo cov ntawv sau nteg, pom nyob rau hauv lub repository (tam sim no nrhiav tau), thiab nws yog lawm!

Cia peb muab ob tug Filipis sib piv. Vyacheslav Lopatin muab cov lus hauv qab no:

Xyoo	Kev tshwm sim	Xyoo	Kev tshwm sim	Qhov txawv	Suav
1700	Philip V ua Vajntxwv Spain	1556	Philip II ua Vajntxwv Spain	144	1+4+4=9
1714	Philip yuav txiv Duchess Elizabeth Farnese	1560	Philip yuav Elizabeth ntawm Fabkis	153	1+5+3=9
1718	Philip tso Minister Alberoni	1572	Philip tso tus tswv xeev ntawm Netherlands, Duke of Alba	144	1+4+4=9
1724	Philip Abdicates hwj chim	1598	Kev tuag ntawm Philip II	126	1+2+6=9
1724	Filis ua Vajntxwv Spain dua	1598	Philip III (tus tub ntawm Philip II) los ua huab tais ntawm Spain	126	1+2+6=9
1746	Kev tuag ntawm Philip	1621	Kev tuag ntawm Philip III	126	1+2+6=9

Koj nyiam qhov kev xaiv no li cas rau hnub kev sib tw, xws li 1719? Zoo li qus? Vim li cas tiag? Peb yuav tham txog qhov txuas ntxiv ntawm kev paub chess tom qab, tab sis tam sim no, xav txog qhov no. Hais tias nyob rau hauv lub XVI xyoo pua, hais tias nyob rau hauv lub XVIII tsis muaj TV, tsis muaj xov tooj cua, tsis muaj Internet. Zoo, cia peb hais ib co neeg ua si chess ntawm huab tais lub tsev hais plaub. Ua si thiab ua si. Koj yeej tsis paub dab tsi tshwm sim txhua hnub nyob rau hauv lub tsev hais plaub ntawm lawv majesties ntawm txhua yam? Leej twg thiab thaum twg yuav kawm txog qhov xwm txheej no hauv Madrid hauv London, Paris, Rome? Thiab lawv puas yuav paub txhua? Kev ua si hauv online tsis tuaj yeem pom; tsis muaj leej twg tshaj tawm dab tsi txog chess hauv ntawv xov xwm ib yam, txawm hais tias twb muaj cov ntawv xov xwm nyob rau xyoo pua 18th.

Nws yog los ntawm nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th uas cov thawj coj nyob sab Europe tau puzzled los ntawm kev muab tso ua ke ntawm lawv tus kheej "keeb kwm". Russia yog me ntsis lig hauv qhov no, tab sis tsis ntau. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev txiav txim rau keeb kwm Lavxias tuaj ntawm Empress Catherine II, thiab nws tau ua tiav tom qab nws tuag los ntawm tus kws sau ntawv (!) Karamzin hauv 1818, thaum, raws li A. S. Pushkin, nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv ancient Russia, zoo li Columbus America.

Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm kev sib tw Spanish chess, nws tuaj yeem yog qee tus kws sau keeb kwm uas sau "keeb kwm" ntawm Spain, tau tshawb pom (ntau tom qab kev tuag ntawm tus Vaj Ntxwv Philip V tiag tiag) sau tseg tias ib tus neeg ua si chess ntawm no, xa qhov kev sib tw no. nrog rau tag nrho cov chess players nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 16th. Vim li cas ho tsis, yog tias daim ntawv no zoo li qub heev rau nws? Tsis tas li ntawd, nws kuj xav tau kom txaus siab rau lub neej ntawm Philip II tsis tau muaj nyob nrog cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm.

Thiab qhov no tseem yog Vajtswv, thiab tsis yog li xa cov ntawv sau pom hauv 1951 rau ib txhiab xyoo dhau los …

Thiab twb nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 19th (thaum pom cov phau ntawv qub chess pib), txawm tias nyob rau hauv Spain, txawm tias qhov twg nws yeej tsis zoo ib yam li xyoo 1719, xyoo 1575 yog ib lub sijhawm ntev dhau los, tsis muaj cov neeg tim khawv nyob. Thiab los ntawm txoj kev: Luigi Missini tau pleev xim rau daim duab "Chess Kev Sib Tw ntawm Lub Tsev Hais Plaub ntawm Tus Vaj Ntxwv ntawm Spain" hauv xyoo 1886. Ntawd yog, ntau tshaj peb puas xyoo tom qab …

Tag nrho cov keeb kwm ntawm chess, thiab tsis yog daim duab xwb, tau sau nyob rau xyoo 19th.

xyoo 1813. Sarrat luam tawm nyob rau London ib phau ntawm tej hauj lwm los ntawm Damiano, Lopez thiab Salvio.

xyoo 1822. Lewis txhais Carrera ua lus Askiv.

xyoo 1873. Linde tau luam tawm txoj haujlwm ntawm Polerio (1548-1612), uas (qhov no tsis yog funny ntxiv) txog rau xyoo 1873 tseem tsis tau paub. Thiab los ntawm txoj kev, Polerio tsis yog tsuas yog tus kws sau ntawv chess muaj zog xwb, tab sis kuj yog ib tus neeg ua si chess niaj hnub - koom nrog kev sib tw ntawm lub tsev hais plaub ntawm Philip (tus dab ntxwg nyoog yuav coj lawv sib nrug), tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawm cov neeg koom nrog. Nyob rau hauv qhov kev sib tw, Leonardo, uas tau sau cov kev ua si los ntawm qhov kev sib tw ntawd. Ha! Yuav luag ob puas xyoo dhau los, thiab thaum kawg Polerio txoj haujlwm loj tau tshwm sim …

Ua tib zoo saib: tsis txhais tau tias ntau pua phau ntawv chess tau luam tawm txawm tias nyob rau xyoo pua 19th. Txhua yam yog ib qho kev tshwm sim. Lawv yeej suav tau ntawm ib sab tes. Thiab peb twb muaj ib qho kev iab liam ploj mus ib txhis (Kuv tab tom tham txog Vincent phau ntawv), thiab peb pom tom qab oblivion ntev. Tag nrho cov qub txeeg qub tes, kuv twv, kuj paub nyob rau hauv cov txhais lus ntawm chess historians ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, thiab ces cov hnub ntawm lub npog tsis muaj nqis heev …

Cov nram qab no versions yog ua tau. Ua ntej, kev sib tw Madrid tau tshwm sim 144 xyoo tom qab. Thib ob: tsis muaj leej twg nyob rau hauv lub tsev hais plaub ntawm tus huab tais Spanish (tsis yog xyoo 1575, lossis xyoo 1719) ua si, tag nrho cov kev sib tw yog kev ua yeeb yam. Qhov thib peb: txhua yam yog raws li keeb kwm hais tias, txawm tias qhov coincidence ntawm cov dab neeg ntawm ob Philip nrog cov numerological cuaj. Txawm hais tias nws yog heev … um … tsis ntseeg.

Vyacheslav Lopatin muab tag nrho cov npe ntawm keeb kwm counterparts ntawm txawv lub sij hawm, lub teb chaws thiab cov neeg uas ib txhij ua ib yam dab tsi, thiab cov sum ntawm cov zauv ntawm qhov sib txawv nyob rau hauv lub xyoo stubbornly poob mus rau hauv tus xov tooj 9. Rau cov neeg uas tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ceev faj, ntawm lub Thaum kawg ntawm nws phau ntawv nws tau piav qhia meej tias Pearson cov txheej txheem yog dab tsi, thiab nws yog dab tsi rau tag nrho cov no, tab sis ntawm no kuv yuav tsis sau txog nws. Txawm li cas los xij, vim tias kuv sau rau cov neeg hais lus Lavxias, kuv yuav tso cai rau kuv tus kheej li lub rooj los ntawm phau ntawv Vyacheslav Lopatin, twb hais txog peb cov vaj ntxwv thiab cov thawj coj, thiab tsis yog hais txog Spanish Filipis.

Cov kab hauv nruab nrab qhia txog lub caij nyoog hauv xyoo nruab nrab ntawm hnub pib ntawm kev kav:

Ivan IV the Terrible	459	Vladimir Monomakh
Fedor Ivanovich	459	Mstislav I Vladimirovich
Boris Godunov	459	Vsevolod II Olgovich
Fedor Godunov	459	Igor Olgovich
False Dmitry I	459	Izyaslav II
False Dmitry II	450	Izyaslav III
Vladislav	459	Vyacheslav Vladimirovich
Mikhail Fedorovich	459	Rostislav Mstislavovich
Fedor-Filaret	450	Mstislav II Izyaslavovich
Mikhail Fedorovich	459	Svyatoslav II Vsevolodovich
Fedor Alekseevich	441	Yaroslav II Vsevolodovich
Peter I	450	Alexander Nevskiy

Koj tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas: cov lej ntawm cov lej hauv lub sijhawm sib txawv yog cuaj.

Qhov no yog sau los ntawm Jean Boden nyob rau hauv 1566, tib lub sij hawm uas Lopez phau ntawv yog hnub tim (1561), thiab tom qab tshaj Damiano phau ntawv. Yog tias cov "cov kws tshawb fawb txog hnub" tsis pom zoo thaum lub ntiaj teb raug tsim, ces cov lus nug txog thaum Tswv Yexus yug los (xyoo twg) lawv kuj tsis pom zoo ib leeg, lawv puas yog?

Raws li cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm teev tseg, Pope Gregory XVIII tseem tsis tau dhau los ua tus thawj tswj hwm nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd, thiab nws nyob hauv nws daim ntawv qhia hnub Gregorian. Thiab puas muaj leej twg xav tias nyob rau hauv phau ntawv ntawm tib Damiano nws tau sau raws li peb tau siv tam sim no - 1512. Yog, yog tias muaj hnub nyob ntawd, ces nws yog los ntawm Kev Tsim Ntiaj Teb - uas yog tias nws yog, ces nws tsis paub thaum twg.

Nyob rau hauv cov xyoo ntawd, lub chronology tau tsim - yog li ntawd tag nrho cov hnub tseem ceeb thiab tag nrho cov sij hawm tau tag nrho nyob rau hauv numerological cuaj. Thiab cov neeg uas tom qab tso cov cim keeb kwm tseem ceeb ntawm lub sijhawm ua raws li cov cai tib yam. Piv txwv li, hnub ntawm lub neej ntawm Nostradamus (xam tias tuag nyob rau hauv 1566) yog xam numerologically:

Xyoo 1503 1 + 5 + 0 + 3 = 9.

Xyoo 1566 1 + 5 + 6 + 6 = 18; 1 + 8 = 9.

Thiab lub caij nyoog, tau kawg, raws li txoj cai ntawm tib lej: nyob 63 xyoo, thiab 6 + 3 = 9.

Cov neeg ua si chess tsis yog cov neeg tseem ceeb rau cov keeb kwm. Lawv raug thawb ib ncig ntawm ib-paus xyoo rau qee qhov laj thawj. Tej zaum yuav sau cov voids; tej zaum yuav tsa lub koob meej ntawm ib lub teb chaws twg. Tsis muaj qhov tsis ntseeg tias Philidor tau ua thawj zaug ntawm nws phau ntawv xyoo 1749. Hauv lwm qhov xwm txheej - thov txim. Phau Ntawv Damiano - 1512; Lucena phau ntawv - 1561; Salvio phau ntawv - 1604; hnub ntawm lub neej ntawm Joaquino Greco - 1600-1634 … Peb paub qhov no los ntawm ib tug zoo, tej zaum, tus txiv neej hu ua Sarrat, uas luam tawm tej hauj lwm no thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th. Zoo heev. Nws nrhiav tau cov hnub tshaj tawm ntawm cov phau ntawv no thiab hnub yug thiab tuag ntawm cov chess players?..

Lwm qhov kev sib cav hauv kev pom zoo ntawm qhov tseeb ntawm cov neeg uas sib cav tias tib neeg tau dhau mus deb nrog cov qub txeeg qub teg ntawm nws cov keeb kwm - thiab txawm tias keeb kwm ntawm chess ua tim khawv rau qhov no - cov no yog ib puas-cell checkers. Tsis zoo li chess, hnub ntawm lawv cov creation yog paub nyob rau hauv puas-cell checkers: thawj peb lub hlis twg ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th. Yog li ntawd yog nws. Tsawg dua peb centuries tau txaus rau noob neej kom paub meej txog qhov kev ua si no, thiab tuaj rau qhov xwm txheej uas nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb kev sib tw ncaws pob txhua qhov kev ua si xaus rau hauv kev kos. Yog lawm, chess yog qhov nyuaj dua hauv nws lub peev xwm, tab sis, thawj zaug, cov checkers kuj tsis yog tic thiab ntiv taw ntawm peb lub rooj tsavxwm, thiab qhov thib ob, tsawg tus neeg nyob hauv ntau lub tebchaws tau koom nrog nws dua li chess. Thiab cov qhab nia, raws li lawv hais, yog nyob rau hauv lub scoreboard.

Yog li, yog tias niaj hnub chess cov cai tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th thiab, raws li, nyob rau hauv tib lub sij hawm, thawj cov kev tshawb fawb ntawm lawv, noob neej los ntawm tam sim no yuav tau txais qhov kev ua si thiab mastered nyob rau theem tsim nyog. Raws li keeb kwm niaj hnub no, nws hloov tawm tias tib neeg tau kawm chess rau lub sijhawm ntev tsis txaus ntseeg thiab muaj kev cuam tshuam loj, qee zaum poob rau hauv kev txawj ntse hibernation, thiab tom qab ntawd sawv, tab sis kev vam meej tsawg heev.

Ua tib zoo saib ntawm qhov txuas no yuav ua li cas, raws li keeb kwm, cov neeg ua si chess muaj zog tau muab faib rau ntau pua xyoo:

Nto moo chess players yav dhau los
XV xyoo pua	Vicente, Francesc
XV-XVI caug xyoo	Vida, Mark Jerome | Damiano, Pedro | Lucena, Luis Ramirez
XVI xyoo pua	Sib ntaus, Paolo | Leonardo, Giovanni di Bona | Lopez, Rau
XVI - XVII caug xyoo	Salvio, Alessandro | Polerio, Giulio Cesare
xyoo pua 17th	Greco, Joaquino
XVII - XVIII caug xyoo	Lolly, Jambatista
XVIII caug xyoo	Cozio, Carlo | Kev cai lij choj ntawm Kermyur | Ponziani, Domenico Lorenzo | Stama, Philip | Philidor, François-André Danican
XVIII caug xyoo - XIX caug xyoo	Alexander, Aaron | Allgayer, Johann Baptist | Labourdonnais, Louis Charles de | McDonnell, Alexander | Petrov, Alexander Dmitrievich | Sarrat, Jacob Henry | Stein, Elias | Ercole del Rio | Evans, William Davis
xyoo pua 19th	Andersen, Adolf | Dubois, Serafino | Kizeritsky, Lionel Adalbert | Kolish, Ignatius | Lange, Max | Linde, Antonius van der | Morphy, Paul Charles | Sen, Jozsef | Staunton, Howard | Urusov, Sergey Semyonovich | Heidebrand und der Laza, Tassilo keeb kwm | Zukertort, Johann | Shumov, Ilya Stepanovich | Erkel, Ferenc | Yanish, Karl Andreevich

Thiab ntawm no yog dab tsi tshwm sim graphically:

Koj tsis xav tias qhov no yog qhov txawv txav? Tom qab tag nrho, cov xwm txheej ze rau peb nyob rau lub sijhawm, qhov ntau peb yuav tsum paub. Qhov no yog ib qho laj thawj. Thiab raws li tib neeg lub neej txhim kho, yuav tsum muaj ntau tus tib neeg uas muaj peev xwm them taus tsis tu lawv cov mov noj txhua hnub, tab sis ua si lossis kawm txog kev ua si. Hauv lwm lo lus, yuav tsum muaj lub pyramid, tab sis ntawm no nws tig tawm … Nws zoo li nws zoo li chess daim - zoo, tsuas yog mysticism - koj tsis xav li cas?

Alexander Kalyonov, ib feem ntawm tsab xov xwm