Cov duab tshwj xeeb ntawm cov menyuam yaus thaj tsam ntawm NKVD

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Cov duab los ntawm album no tau luam tawm thawj zaug. Tsim cov nkauj no yog ib qho kev ua si nrov heev ntawm NKVD cov tub ceev xwm. Cov duab thaij duab, raws li lawv xav hais tam sim no, tau kawg, tau ua tiav. Tus kws yees duab yuav tsum tau ntes lub ntsej muag zoo siab ntawm cov neeg raug kaw uas ntseeg siab tau pib ntawm qhov nyuaj thiab, qee zaum, txoj kev kho kom zoo.

Hauv qhov no, cov menyuam raug kaw. Muaj coob leej muaj kaum xyoo xwb. Daim npav thiab cov lus piav qhia rau lawv los ntawm peb cov album paub meej qhov tseeb no. Xws li, piv txwv li, ib daim duab ntawm cov chav kawm hauv chav kawm 5th "a".

"Lub tsev kawm ntawv. cl. 5 "A" hauv chav kawm hauv pab pawg No1". Tau qhov twg los: "Dilettant"

Thiab qhov no tsis yog ib qho pov thawj uas lub album qhib rau peb. Nyob rau ntawm nws nplooj ntawv yog ib daim duab ntawm ib tug tej yam Karpov-Vorobyov. Cov ntawv sau nyob tom qab nyeem: “Nyob hauv nco txog Yu. P. Belsky.

Penza. Tsev Kawm Ntawv Nkauj. Kuv kawm. 14. III.52 yr." Lwm daim duab yog panoramic saib ntawm lub nroog Kungur nyob rau hauv lub lig 60s. Nyob rau sab rov qab muaj ib tug inscription: "g. Kungur, Perm cheeb tsam st. Gogol d. (Ntawm no qhov chaw) Nyob ntawm Lub Yim Hli 1941 txog Lub Kaum Hli 1945". Cov menyuam yaus thaj chaw nyob hauv Kungur tsuas yog nyob ntawm Gogol Street.

Nws tuaj yeem xav tias qhov album yog Yu. P. Belsky, uas tau muab tso rau hauv 1952 ib daim duab xa los ntawm tus phooj ywg thaum yau Karpov-Vorobyov.

Duab ntawm Karpov-Vorobyov nrog ib daim ntawv nyob rau sab nraum qab. Tau qhov twg los: "Dilettant"

Duab ntawm Karpov-Vorobyov nrog ib daim ntawv nyob rau sab nraum qab. Tau qhov twg los: "Dilettant"

Lub snapshot ntawm kev ua thawj coj ua haujlwm ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tsim tau lub sijhawm kwv yees thaum cov duab no tau raug coj los ua. Ntawm lub tsho ntawm cov tub ceev xwm NKVD, peb pom lub xub pwg pluaj, lawv tau tshwm sim hauv cov tub rog Soviet tom qab kev hloov kho thaum pib ntawm xyoo 1943, raws li, cov duab tau coj mus rau lub sijhawm no.

"Labour Colony Leadership". Tau qhov twg los: "Dilettant"

Tam sim ntawd tom qab kev ncaim ntawm tsev neeg ntawm Yu. P. Belsky los ntawm Kungur nyob rau hauv Kaum ib hlis 1945, ib tug prosecutor lub check pib nyob rau hauv lub Labor Colony No. 1 ntawm lub NKVD Directorate rau lub Molotov cheeb tsam. Nws cov yeeb yam tau khaws cia rau peb qee qhov tseeb ntawm lub neej ntawm cov menyuam yaus thaj tsam.

Yog li, nyob rau hauv kev teb rau qhov kev thov ntawm USSR Tus Kws Lij Choj Lub Chaw Haujlwm "Nyob rau hauv kev kaw cov neeg raug kaw hauv cov menyuam yaus hauv cov chaw pw hav zoov thiab cov chaw ua haujlwm kho mob" hnub tim 1945-03-01, tus kws lij choj ntawm cheeb tsam Molotov teb: "Feem ntau, cov menyuam yaus raug shod thiab hnav khaub ncaws ntawm cov txiv laum huab xeeb ntawm cov neeg laus.

Nkawm khau thiab khaub ncaws tsis yog thawj lub caij hnav, txhua yam rov qab los, yog li ntawd lawv tsis zoo, vim lawv qias neeg, hnav tawm. … Qhov xwm txheej zoo ib yam nrog zaub mov. Cov khaub ncaws rau nqaij, ntses, butter, qab zib raug xa los ntawm GULAG nrog kev ncua, … yog li ntawd, nws tsis tuaj yeem tau txais zaub mov raws sijhawm. Yog li ntawd, qee cov khoom raug hloov los ntawm lwm tus … Yog li ntawd, cov ntsiab lus calorie tsis khaws cia."

Cov menyuam yaus thaj chaw nyob ntawm Gogol Street

Cov ntawv qhia zaub mov ntawm Kungur Labor Colony No. 1 rau lub Kaum Ib Hlis 1945 kuj tseem muaj sia nyob, uas yog tib yam rau ob peb lub lis piam: “kev noj tshais: kua zaub los ntawm cereals thiab nettles; noj su: kua zaub nrog cereals thiab nettles, omelet; noj hmo: cereal kua zaub, tshuaj yej”. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev tswj qhov hnyav tau qhia txog qhov hnyav hauv cov khoom noj mov thiab tsis muaj zaub mov tiav.

Nws paub tias thaum pib ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog, 1717 cov menyuam yaus tau khaws cia hauv Kungur cov menyuam yaus, 500 ntau dua li cov chaw pw hav zoov tuaj yeem nyob. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm NKVD, muaj xws li ib tug tswvyim xws li "qhov txwv ntawm kev sau lub camp", uas txhais tau tias - tus naj npawb ntawm bunks, khaub ncaws thiab zaub mov. Thaum lub sijhawm muaj kev kub ntxhov ntau xyoo, xyoo 1937-38, cov neeg raug kaw tau nce zuj zus, qhov "sau txwv", zoo li hauv peb rooj plaub, tau dhau ntau dhau. Ntawd yog, qhov tseeb, 500 tus menyuam yaus ntawm Kungur colony tsis muaj ib qho chaw pw.

Txawm li cas los xij, cia peb rov qab mus rau cov duab album, hauv nws peb kuj pom ob peb lub npe ntawm "cov menyuam yaus txaus ntshai" uas tau khaws cia hauv thaj chaw. Piv txwv li, acrobatic sketch ua los ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawm pawg No. 2 Kovalenko thiab Safronov raug ntes.

Nyob rau hauv qhov kev ncua deb, txoj cai tom qab cov neeg koom nyob rau hauv lub etude, lub barbed hlau yog pom meej meej, uas nyob ib ncig ntawm tag nrho cov me nyuam cheeb tsam nrog ob lub tsev barracks thiab ntau lawm chaw nyob rau hauv lub perimeter. Nyob rau hauv ib tug xov tooj ntawm lwm cov duab, peb kuj pom lub imposing laj kab nyob ib ncig ntawm lub "cov me nyuam cheeb tsam" thiab "ntau lawm cheeb tsam".

"Brass Band". Tau qhov twg los: "Dilettant"

Nws yuav tsum tau hais tias nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov "collectives" yog cov units uas muaj cov menyuam yaus raug kaw, txhua chav nyob nyob rau hauv ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib lub tsev barrack. Cov me nyuam tau pw ntawm bunk ntoo planks. Cov bunks no tseem tuaj yeem pom hauv peb cov album hauv daim duab ntawm lub ces kaum liab ntawm pawg No. 1 nyob rau sab laug ntawm daim duab.

Rau kev thaij duab thaij duab, lawv tau txaj muag npog nrog ib daim ntaub muaj yeeb yuj. Txoj cai ntawm kev soj ntsuam xyuas, uas yuav muaj nyob rau hauv 1945, yuav sau qhov tseeb hauv qab no: cov menyuam yaus hauv Kungur colony tau nyob hauv ob lub barracks nrog 4-txaj bunks ntawm "carriage system".

Lub koob yees duab lens kuj tau ntes cov ntsej muag tawv tawv ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas, tshuaj xyuas qhov tsis tsim nyog tus cwj pwm ntawm lawv cov phooj ywg nyob hauv tsev loj cuj ntawm kev sib tw sib tw. Cov ntawv sau rau ntawm nplooj ntawv ntawm album qhia peb tias peb tab tom pom lub rooj sib tham ntawm pawg neeg tsis sib haum xeeb hauv pab pawg 1.

Lub album tseem sau txog kev xyaum siv menyuam yaus hauv kev lag luam hnyav. Peb pom cov duab ntawm ib tug sawmill ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam cheeb tsam. Ib tug tub hluas nyob rau hauv ib tug ua hauj lwm khaub ncaws kuj raug ntes nyob rau hauv lub engine chav tsev ntawm lub tshuab fais fab nroj tsuag. Cov ntaub ntawv tseem muaj sia nyob tso cai rau peb lees paub tias kev ua haujlwm menyuam yaus kuj tau siv hauv kev poob. Cov me nyuam lub colony muaj nws qhov chaw txiav. Nws tseem paub tias Kungur colony muaj nws tus kheej tannery, khau Hoobkas, khawm accordion thiab knitwear khw, ob lub teb ua liaj ua teb nyob rau hauv suburbs.

Cov menyuam yaus ntawm ob leeg poj niam txiv neej tau khaws cia hauv Kungur cov menyuam yaus nyob rau tib lub sijhawm. Hauv cov duab peb pom ob tus tub thiab ntxhais. Cov ntaub ntawv tseem lees paub qhov tseeb no: xyoo 1934, muaj 800 "tus neeg raug kaw" ntawm no - qhov no yog lub npe ntawm cov neeg raug kaw hauv cov neeg ua haujlwm, ntawm 210 tus ntxhais.

Cov menyuam yaus ntawm cov neeg raug tsim txom tau raug saib xyuas tshwj xeeb

Cov duab los ntawm album kuj qhia txog ntau yam khoom siv hnyav uas tau siv nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam. Lawm, cov menyuam yaus, vim lawv lub hnub nyoog, tsis tuaj yeem ua haujlwm rau nws. Los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus kws lij choj cov kev tshuaj xyuas rau lub Rau Hli 1945, peb kawm tias cov neeg laus raug kaw raug txim raws li Tshooj 58 tau ua haujlwm raws li cov thawj coj hauv khw, cov thawj coj thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm tsim nyog.

Qhov tseeb no, raws li tus kws lij choj, tau muaj kev phom sij heev rau cov tub ntxhais hluas. Qhov teeb meem tuaj txog ntawm Tus Lwm Thawj Coj ntawm Internal Affairs ntawm USSR Boris Obruchnikov. Qhov kawg, los ntawm nws qhov kev txiav txim, tso cai rau cov neeg laus neeg raug kaw hauv tsab xov xwm 58 mus ua haujlwm hauv cov menyuam yaus hauv nroog Kungura.

"Acrobatic voj voog. suav Nr 1". Tau qhov twg los: "Dilettant"

Txij li thaum xyoo 1930, feem ntau ntawm "cov neeg raug kaw" ntawm lub tebchaws tau hu ua "cov menyuam yaus txaus ntshai". Ntawd yog, cov menyuam yaus uas nws niam thiab txiv tau raug tsim txom rau kev tawm tsam kev tawm tsam los ntawm NKVD.

Cov menyuam yaus zoo li no tau raug saib xyuas tshwj xeeb thiab cov teeb meem txhaum cai raug teeb tsa tawm tsam lawv rau qhov ua txhaum me me. Yog li, xyoo 1938, ntau tus neeg raug kaw hauv Kungur colony raug liam tias "kev xav ua phem."Tsis tas li ntawd, ib nqe lus hais tias: "… hmo ntuj lawv tau ua ke, tham txog taiga, hais txog cov phau ntawv uas lawv tau nyeem, txog qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm kev tsim lub hyperboloid ntawm tus engineer Garin's system, … nrog kev pab los ntawm qhov nws yuav. tuaj yeem rhuav tshem cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm NKVD."

Thaum pib ntawm xyoo 1940, tag nrho lub tuam tsev tau raug teeb tsa ntawm thaj chaw kom muaj cov menyuam yaus raug txim vim mus kawm ntawv lossis ua haujlwm lig. Ntau tus menyuam yaus poob rau hauv Txoj Cai ntawm Lub Yim Hli 7, 1932 "Ntawm kev tiv thaiv cov cuab yeej ntawm lub xeev kev lag luam, kev ua liaj ua teb thiab kev koom tes thiab kev txhawb nqa pej xeem (socialist) khoom." Raws li cov ntaub ntawv no, tib neeg raug xa mus rau ib lub chaw pw hav zoov rau 10 xyoo rau kev nyiag ib txhais tes ntawm cov nplej lossis ob peb qos yaj ywm.

Vyacheslav Degtyarnikov