TOP-12 lo lus kom nkag siab txog kab lis kev cai ntawm Belarusians

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Vim li cas thiaj li hle koj nkawm khau thaum nce mus rau lub rooj zaum ntawm qhov kev tawm tsam tsis yog pamyarkoўnast, tab sis yog qhov zoo? Leej twg yog tus tsav tsheb npav - Lavxias teb sab vadzitsel lossis Polish kiroўtsa? Belarusians hnav dab tsi - T-shirts, prints lossis sakolki? Yuav ua li cas squirrels hloov hares thiab cov qos pancakes yog qhov tseeb? Peb fondly tham txog kab lis kev cai ntawm Belarus.

Nws yog qhov nyuaj heev los teb cov lus nug ntawm dab tsi yog Belarusian kab lis kev cai. Puas yog cov lus hais txog yav dhau los zoo kawg nkaus ntawm Grand Duchy ntawm Lithuania "nrhiav ntuj raug txim thiab morass" los yog Soviet cov tswv yim hais txog lub teb chaws ntawm partisans, storks thiab flax?

Puas yog niaj hnub kab lis kev cai niaj hnub nrog kev tsis sib haum xeeb txog cov mis nyuj thiab pancakes lossis kab lis kev cai siab ntawm cov neeg txawj ntse hauv teb chaws nrog kev sib cav txog kev zoo thiab kev zoo ntawm cov neeg?

Puas yog cov memes thiab quotes uas yog to taub tsuas yog rau Belarusians, los yog stereotypes txog Belarus uas muaj thoob plaws sab nraum nws ciam teb - qos yaj ywm, huv si txoj kev, Lukashenka?

Puas muaj peev xwm nrhiav tau cov lus uas yuav sib npaug zoo teb cov lus nug ntawm Belarusian kab lis kev cai rau Russians thiab Fabkis, los yog yuav tsum xaiv cov lus rau Russians txawv? Thaum kawg, yog tias lub neej niaj hnub hauv Belarus yuav luag tag nrho cov lus Lavxias, cov lus no yuav tsum yog los ntawm - los ntawm Lavxias, Belarusian, lossis tej zaum los ntawm Trasyanka?

Zoo li cov lus teb yog me ntsis xwb.

1. Ua tsaug

Nyob ze lub tsev teev ntuj. Painting los ntawm Ferdinand Ruszczyc. xyoo 1899National Masats Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Republic of Belarus

Hauv Belarusian, "no" nyob ntawm no, yog li "hauv zos" yog tutish. Nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau cov neeg zoo tib yam uas nyob hauv thaj chaw ntawm Belarus mus txog rau thaum lub sijhawm Soviet nrog lawv tus kheej lub teb chaws. Nyob rau hauv 1903, ethnographer Yevfimiy Karsky sau hais tias: “Tam sim no, cov tib neeg nyob rau hauv Belarus tsis paub lub npe no [Belarusian].

Rau lo lus nug: koj yog leej twg? cov lus teb ib txwm - Lavxias teb sab, thiab yog hais tias nws yog ib tug Catholic, nws hu nws tus kheej Catholic los yog ib tug Pole; Qee zaum nws yuav hu nws lub tebchaws Lithuania, thiab qee zaum nws yuav tsuas hais tias nws yog "hereish" - lub zos, ntawm chav kawm, tawm tsam nws tus kheej rau ib tug neeg uas hais lus Zoo Lavxias teb sab, zoo li nws yog ib tug tshiab tuaj rau sab hnub poob cheeb tsam."

Yog li, piv txwv li, ib qho ntawm cov paj huam tseem ceeb ntawm Belarusian pib - "Koj yog leej twg getki" ("Koj yog leej twg") los ntawm Yanka Kupala, sau rau xyoo 1908 thiab tau los ua zaj nkauj "Lyapis Trubetskoy" hauv 2013:

Koj yog leej twg?

- Own, tutishy.

Zaj dab neeg yog hais txog tib yam nrog cov lus: thaum lub sij hawm suav pej xeem ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws nyob rau hauv 1897, cov neeg shrugged lawv lub xub pwg nyom thiab teb: "Peb hais lus yooj yim."

Undoubtedly, kev txheeb xyuas ntawm tus kheej li "hauv zos", thiab nws tus kheej hom lus li "peb" lossis "yooj yim", tau muaj thiab pom nyob hauv ntau haiv neeg. Txawm li cas los xij, ntawm cov neeg Belarusians, lub tswv yim ntawm tutayshastsi tau txais cov xwm txheej ntawm lub cim, tau ploj mus los ntawm kev ntsuam xyuas parochialism mus rau lub teb chaws kev khav theeb, thiab rau ntau tshaj li ib puas xyoo nws tseem yog lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev tsis sib haum xeeb: ob qho tib si hauv 1906 tsab xov xwm " Peb "tutayshasts" tau luam tawm", thiab nyob rau hauv 2010 - "Belarusians:" tutishyya "los yog ib lub teb chaws?"

Nyob rau hauv 1922, tib yam Yanka Kupala sau lub tragicomedy Tuteishyya. Tus cwj pwm tseem ceeb ntawm qhov kev ua si no tsis saib xyuas seb nws nyob hauv Polish, German, Tsarist lossis Soviet txoj cai, txawm tias nws yog Belarusian lossis tsis yog - yuav muaj zaub mov thiab khaub ncaws.

Ntawm cov cim tseem muaj ob tus kws tshawb fawb - East thiab West, ua pov thawj ntawm Belarus, feem, rau Russia lossis Poland. Tuteyshast ntawm no yog unprincipled, submissive npaj txhij mus hloov mus rau tej lub hwj chim thiab ntxeev siab rau lub hom phiaj ntawm cov neeg. Kev ua si, los ntawm txoj kev, raug txwv kom txog thaum 80s.

Thiab 65 xyoo tom qab, nrog rau qhov pib ntawm lub npe hu ua Second Belarusian Renaissance, uas feem ntau rov ua cov txheej txheem ntawm Thawj Renaissance - lub teb chaws lub tsev thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua (saib. Svyadomy), tutayshas hloov cov ntsiab lus thiab dhau los ua ib qho piv txwv nrog Belarusian tus kheej tus kheej.

"Tuteishyya" yog ib haiv neeg sau ntawv ntawm xyoo 1986, uas koom nrog cov neeg sau ntawv Belarusian uas tam sim no dhau los ua cov classics niaj hnub. "Kuv yog naradzinsya ntawm no" ("Kuv yug los ntawm no") yog ib zaj dab neeg sib koom ua ke ntawm Belarusian ua yeeb yam hauv xyoo 2000, hu ua los ntawm cov neeg thuam "kev tshwm sim keeb kwm tsis yog rau Belarusian nkauj kab lis kev cai, tab sis rau lub teb chaws feem ntau". TUT.by yog lub ntsiab Belarusian xov xwm portal.

"Tuteishyya" yog ib lub bar uas qhib rau xyoo 2014 (thiab kaw nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo), uas yog thawj zaug sim "ua rau lub teb chaws sab hauv tsis yog straw, spinning log thiab av nkos, tab sis los ntawm lub nroog kab lis kev cai ntawm thaum ntxov 20th. xyoo pua". Thiab muaj ntau yam piv txwv zoo sib xws.

2. Spadar

Portrait ntawm tus tsis paub. Painting los ntawm Kondraty Korsalin. 1840s uaNational Masats Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Republic of Belarus

Qhov chaw nyob zoo Belarusian (tus poj niam daim ntawv yog spadarynya, rau ib pawg neeg - spadarstva). Lo lus spadar nws tus kheej tau tshwm sim los ntawm kev maj mam yooj yim ntawm lo lus gaspadar ("tus tswv, tus tswv") - zoo ib yam li Lavxias teb sab sovereign los ntawm lub sovereign.

Linguists muaj kev xav sib txawv txog keeb kwm ntawm lo lus no: nws thawj zaug siv hauv cov ntawv sau tseg thaum kawg ntawm Nrab Hnub nyoog, tab sis nws yog qhov tseeb raws li qhov chaw nyob uas nws pib siv, tej zaum tsuas yog thaum lub sij hawm German txoj hauj lwm ntawm Belarus - txawm li cas los xij., apparently, tsis heev dav …

Sij hawm dhau mus, kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov npe ntawm cov lus no tau raug tshem tawm, thiab nrog kev rhuav tshem ntawm Soviet lub tswv yim, Spadars rov qab mus rau Belarusian lus los hloov cov Tavaryshes ("cov phooj ywg") thiab Gramadzyans ("cov pej xeem"), thaum nyob rau hauv. Lavxias lawv qhov chaw tseem khoob.

Tsis zoo li feem ntau cov lus thov hauv European lus, spadar tuaj yeem siv ob qho tib si nrog lub npe (spadar Yankoўski) thiab - ntau dua - nrog lub npe (spadar Yagor); thiab nyob rau hauv peb tus neeg - nrog ob leeg (spadarynya Nina Baginskaya).

3. Pamyarkoўnasts

Hauv lub qhov taub. Painting los ntawm Nikodim Silivanovich. xyoo 1874Belgazprombank neeg sau

Nws yog ib qho nyuaj-rau-hais lus denoting, raws li yog feem ntau ntseeg, ib tug ntawm cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm Belarusians. Cov phau ntawv txhais lus muaj "kev pom zoo", "kev haum xeeb", "kev coj ncaj ncees", "ua raws", "kev ua siab zoo", "kev sib haum xeeb" raws li kev txhais lus sib npaug, tab sis qhov no tsis zoo ib yam: "," Obedience "los yog ib qho lus tsis zoo ntawm lo lus "tsis koom tes. ". Tab sis pamyarkoўnasts yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws piav qhia los ntawm ob lub ntsiab lus sab hauv:

1. Cov kws tshawb fawb txiav txim siab ua qhov kev sim. Lawv muab cov quav tso rau hauv chav tsaus nti nrog cov carnation tawm ntawm nws. Lavxias zaum. Nws dhia, cog lus, tsoo lub rooj ntev zaum rau tej daim. Tus Ukrainian zaum. Dhia mus, tshem tawm ib tug carnation, muab tso rau hauv nws lub hnab ris: "Nws yuav tuaj nyob rau hauv ke rau ntawm lub teb." Tus Belarusian zaum. Oykaet, fidget, ces thinkfully hais tias: "Thiab koj puas tau, yog li ntawd і treba?"

2. Dai ib tug German, Lavxias teb sab thiab Belarusian. Tus German tuag tam sim ntawd, cov Lavxias teb sab twitched ntev, tab sis nws kuj tuag. Thiab cov Belarusian dai rau nws tus kheej thiab dai ciaj sia. Lawv nug nws, lawv hais tias, koj ciaj sia li cas? Tus Belarusian teb: "Thaum xub thawj nws nyem heev, thiab tom qab ntawd tsis muaj dab tsi, tau siv rau nws."

Thaum xyoo 2010 tus neeg sau xov xwm Irina Chernyavko tshaj tawm kev sib tw rau lub tswv yim zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lub cim ntawm Belarus rau cov hlau nplaum ua los ntawm polymer av nplaum, qos yaj ywm pancakes, storks, paddy wagons thiab lwm tus poob los ntawm ib tug dav paj rau lub rooj zaum nrog carnation.

Belarusians nyiam ua ironic txog lawv cov pamyarkoўnastsyu. Nyob rau hauv cov xov xwm humorous pej xeem "Partziya pamyarkoўnyh tsentrystak" (PPTs), uas yog ua nyob rau hauv trasyanka (saib. Zhestachaishe), qhov khoom plig "Pamyarkoўnasts ntawm lub xyoo" yog muab tsub.

Ib qho ntawm cov kab lus tsis tshua muaj nyob hauv Belarusian lus - agul mlyavast і abyakavast da zhytsya ("tag nrho lethargy thiab indifference rau lub neej"), qiv los ntawm TV tshaj tawm rau kev pabcuam kev puas siab puas ntsws thaum 90s lig, haum zoo rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev nco (thiab tib lub sij hawm suab zoo heev), nyob rau hauv parody "Porrie Gatter.

Cuaj exploits ntawm Sen Asli "los ntawm Belarusian kws sau ntawv Andrei Zhvalevsky thiab Igor Mytko," ib tug tsawg txawv teb chaws calming spell Useagulnaya-mlyavast-i-abyakavast-dazhytsya "yog ntsib.

Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm lub neej kuj yog ib qho kev tshwm sim ntawm pamyarkoўnasts. Qhov kawg - ib sab

muaj tiag tiag tsis muaj vine - nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev rau Belarusians, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov laus tiam, raws li ib feem ntawm lub tswvyim ntawm stability (nws tsis yog rau ib yam dab tsi uas txawm lub teb chaws nws tus kheej yog feem ntau ironically hu ua Island of Stability, quoting Lukashenka).

Thaum lub sij hawm tawm tsam ntawm Lub Yim Hli 2020, Belarusians muaj ntau cov lus ceeb toom ntawm kev sib raug zoo uas pamyarkoўnasts, nws hloov tawm, muaj nws qhov txwv.

4. Shchyry

Tub rog nrog ib tug tub. Painting los ntawm Nikodim Silivanovich. xyoo 1866National Masats Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Republic of Belarus

Nyob rau hauv sib piv rau pamyarkoўnasts, uas yog es perceived raws li ib tug tsis zoo cov cuab yeej, shchyrasts yog lub ntsiab zoo ntawm Belarusians, thiab nyob rau hauv ib lo lus muaj tag nrho cov zoo. Shchyry yog "ua siab ncaj", "qhib" thiab "qhib", tab sis tib lub sijhawm nws kuj yog "kev sib raug zoo" thiab "kev tos txais qhua".

Ib tug phooj ywg ncaj ncees yog shchyry, ib tug inveterate lover ntawm ib yam dab tsi yog shchyry, sincere, ncaj ncees sib tham yog shchyryya, tiag surprise kuj shchyrae. Yog hais tias ib tug neeg muaj kev ris txiaj heev, nws tsis yog dziakue xwb, tab sis shchyra dzyakue, yog tias nws mob siab rau thiab ua siab ntev, ces nws txhais tau tias shchyra ua nws.

Txawm tias ib lub hav zoov uas muaj tib hom ntoo thiab kub tsis muaj admixtures yuav shchyrym. Qee lub sij hawm, txawm li cas los xij, shchyrs kuj yog "lub siab yooj yim" thiab "gullible", tab sis qhov no, feem ntau, kuj rau qee qhov tsis zoo. Feem ntau, shchyry yog tiag tiag nyob rau hauv tag nrho nws manifestations, thiab shchyras yog muaj xws li ib tug zoo.

Paired nrog shchyrastsyu feem ntau mus rau lwm yam zoo - zoo. Godnasts tsis yog tsuas yog "siv ua ntej", tab sis kuj yog "kev hwm" thiab "kev hwm tus kheej", lub ci ntsa iab ntawm pamyarkoўnasts. Koj yuav tsum ua kom haum rau koj tus ntoo khaub lig; yog tias koj hu nkauj thaum ntsib kev phom sij, tsuas yog haum rau ib leeg xwb.

Kev tshem koj nkawm khau, nce mus rau lub rooj zaum ntawm qhov kev tawm tsam tsis yog pamyarkoўnasts ("nws tsis raug tso cai nce mus rau hauv khau ntawm lub rooj ntev zaum"), tab sis qhov zoo ("nws yog qhov tsis ncaj ncees rau nce mus rau hauv khau ntawm lub rooj ntev zaum"). Thiab qhov kawg stanza ntawm cov paj huam saum toj saud "Koj yog leej twg getki" kuj yog hais txog hmoov zoo:

Koj xav tau dab tsi?

- Txhob ua nyuj …

Los ntawm txoj kev, lwm lub ntsiab lus ntawm godnasts yog "lub npe": ib tug neeg hwm pej xeem, tib neeg tus kws kos duab, kws kho mob ntawm kev tshawb fawb, tus tswv, archimandrite thiab lwm yam tsim nyog tus kheej.

5. Kalykhanka

Ua Baradzed. Tua los ntawm cov menyuam yaus txoj haujlwm "Kalyhanka" ntawm TV channel "Belarus-3"© Belteleradiocompany

Phau Vaj Lug Kub Npaiv Npaum, luam tawm los ntawm Francisk Skaryna los ntawm Polotsk, thawj lub tshuab luam ntawv Belarusian los txhais phau Vajlugkub rau hauv Belarusian version ntawm lub Koom Txoos Slavonic lus. Prague, ib., 1517 Wikimedia Commons

Txawm hais tias lus mova txhais tau hais tias tsuas yog "lus", hauv Belarusian kev hais lus yam tsis tau hais txog cov ntsiab lus no yog siv los ntawm Belarusian lus: social posters "ma-ma = mo-va. Hlub koj niam?", Cov lus nug xws li"Yuav ua li cas hais "kub" hauv mov? (saib hauv qab), cov lus nyob rau hauv cov xov xwm - ob qho tib si Lavxias teb sab thiab Belarusian - los ntawm "tau txais peb tus kheej txav" mus rau "yak pryemna chytats navinu ntawm kev txav mus los" ("nws zoo npaum li cas los nyeem cov xov xwm ntawm kev txav mus los").

Rau cov neeg txawj ntse hais lus Belarusian, rau leej twg Mova tsuas yog "hais lus", qhov kev siv no yog kev ntxhov siab (tsis muaj tsawg dua li Belmova dismissive, los ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv lub npe ntawm cov kev kawm), nws yog txuam nrog colonial xav: coj, lawv hais., ib lo lus los ntawm cov lus ntawm cov aborigines thiab xaiv lawv cov lus nrog lo lus no.

Thiab yog tias siv zoo sib xws xws li "hais lus Askiv" yam tsawg kawg suav nrog tus kheej lub npe ntawm cov lus, ces rau ntau tus neeg Belarusian hais lus "Mova" hauv qhov kev nkag siab no zoo nkaus li vwm ("Nws zoo npaum li cas los nyeem cov xov xwm hauv hom lus!") Thiab qhia meej meej yuav ua li cas unnatural cov haiv neeg tau dhau los. mova rau Belarusians lawv tus kheej.

Ib qho tshwm sim zoo sib xws yog siv cov lus Belarusian rau npe: da dej thiab ua si complex "Laznya", cafe "Kavyarnya", thiab lwm yam.cov neeg uas hais lus Belarusian yog heev reminiscent ntawm Soviet unnamed canteens thiab da dej.

Kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm cov neeg hais lus ntawm Belarusian lawv tus kheej. Qhov teeb meem yog tias, qhov tseeb, muaj ob hom lus Belarusian (yog li ntawd, muaj tib tus lej ntawm Belarusian "Wikipedia"). Qhov kev sib cais tau tshwm sim tom qab kev hloov kho ntawm xyoo 1933: txoj cai, nws tsuas yog hais txog kev sau ntawv, tab sis qhov tseeb, qhov kev hloov pauv cuam tshuam txhua yam - los ntawm cov qauv sau ntawv mus rau cov lus.

Yog li ntawd, hauv cov zej zog thematic, kev tsis sib haum xeeb tsis tas yuav tsum tau siv cov lus ntawm Belarusian: tsev kawm ntawv, tab sis Russification, los yog pre-reform, tab sis tsis tshua paub rau cov neeg zoo tib yam, nrog rau cov lus uas yuav siv tau., uas ua tsis tau thiab lawv yog dab tsi tiag tiag.

Kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm lub xyoo pua: qiv los ntawm Lavxias lossis qiv los ntawm Polish, tsim neologisms lossis archaisms rov qab los siv? Garbata yog tshuaj yej, vim hais tias tshuaj yej yog Russianism, los yog garbata tsuas yog tshuaj ntsuab, thiab zoo tib yam yog tshuaj yej hauv Belarusian? Thiab rau nws cov kev npaj, koj xav tau ib tug garbate, ib tug teapot, ib tug embryk los yog, tej zaum, ib tug steamer (thiab lawv puas muab faib raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm ib tug boiling dej thiab ib tug boil rau brewing)?

Puas yog lub npav ua haujlwm los ntawm Lavxias los ntawm keeb kwm wadzitsel lossis Polish kiroўets? Hnav panties lossis maitki, T-shirts (Lavxias teb sab, phem!), Tshotki / tyshotki (neologism raws li qiv, phem!)?).

Sau sudzdzya ("tus neeg txiav txim") thiab svinnya ("pig") nrog cov cim muag muag (pre-reform spelling - tarashkevitsa; zoo dua qhia cov lus, tab sis cov lus muaj ntau cumbersome) los yog suddzya thiab svinnya tsis muaj lawv (kev sau ntawv yog ib tug tshuaj commissar; nws yog nws tus uas qhia hauv tsev kawm ntawv)? Muaj ntau lub ntsiab lus rau cov kev tsis sib haum xeeb, thiab tsis muaj qhov kawg ntawm qhov pom.

7. Kev ntseeg

Alexander Lukashenko yog mowing nyom nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub official chaw nyob ntawm Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Belarus "Ozerny" nyob rau hauv lub Ostroshitsky lub zos. 2015 xyoo © Andrey Stasevich / Diomedia

Yog hais tias muaj tsuas yog Belarusian cov lus saum toj no, ces qhov no yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm ib lo lus nyob rau hauv trasyanka: ib tug sib xyaw Lavxias teb sab-Belarusian hais lus nrog Belarusian phonetics thiab feem ntau Lavxias teb sab lus sau ntawv thiab lus.

Trasyanka tshwm sim tom qab tsov rog vim yog txoj cai ntawm Russification, nrog rau kev nyob hauv nroog: cov neeg hauv zos uas hais lus Belarusian tau tsiv mus rau cov nroog uas hais lus Lavxias thiab sim hais lus Lavxias. Yog lawm, lawv tsis tau tswj kom ua tiav Lavxias teb sab ntshiab thiab dhau los ntawm cov lus sib xyaw ua ke rau lawv cov menyuam, uas, yog li, tau dhau los ua tus neeg nqa khoom ntawm Trasyanka.

Nyob rau hauv Belarusian haiv neeg, trasyanka yog txuam nrog cov neeg nyob rau hauv lub zos los yog cov neeg pluag kev kawm ntawv - lub Hoobkas ua hauj lwm los yog gopniks los ntawm sab nrauv. Nyob rau hauv lub 2000s, trasyanka kuj nkag mus rau hauv nrov satirical kab lis kev cai.

Piv txwv li, ib tug neeg laus txoj kev pab cuam "Kalyhanka" tshwm sim, ib tug parody ntawm cov tub ceev xwm hais txog lub "Kalykhanka", uas yog hosted los ntawm Sasha thiab Sirozha (tom kawg yog tus thawj coj ntawm "Lyapis Trubetskoy" Sergei Mikhalok): ob tug txiv neej yooj yim tham txog cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntsiab lus. trasyanka - los ntawm kev txawj ntse hniav mus rau glamour.

Tsis ntev lub disc nrog lawv cov nkauj ntawm trasyanka tawm los, cov ntsiab lus thiab qhov tseeb yog qhov tsim nyog: ua yeeb yam hauv lub tsev noj mov, Xyoo Tshiab nrog lub hub ntawm sprats thiab cov thom khwm leaky, kev xav rau cov neeg nyob ze ntawm lub sam thiaj ncig ntawm barley thiab cutlets.

Tom qab ntawd cov pab pawg "Smash the boy's sir" tshwm - raws li lub npe implies, lyrical heroes ntawm no txawv me ntsis: "Kuv hlub lub gopar, kuv hlub lub kaldyr" ("Kuv poob rau hauv kev hlub nrog gopar, poob rau hauv kev hlub nrog lub gopar. witch”), “Tus tub hauv tes – sio zoo li tib neeg” (“Ib tug thiab ib nrab ntawm tes - txhua yam zoo li tib neeg muaj”),“Sunset of Roses - kuv tus kwv thiab kuv lub hnab” (“Paj hnub poob - kuv kwv tij thiab tij laug”).

"Tua tus tub tus tswv." "Kuv hlub Gapara, Kuv hlub Kaldyr"

Tab sis lo lus zhestachaishe nws tus kheej tsis yog ib tug paub daws teeb trasyanka los yog ib tug quote los ntawm cov nkauj rau nws, nws yog Lukashenka.

Qhov tseeb, nws tsis hais Trasyanka (nws cov qauv sau ntawv thiab cov ntsiab lus yog Lavxias), tab sis cov lus Belarusian muaj zog hauv nws cov lus tsis tuaj yeem tab sis dhau los ua qhov khoom ntawm parodies. Zhestachaishe yog ib lo lus uas nws feem ntau siv, uas nkag mus rau hauv Belarusian kev hais lus nrog lub ntsiab lus ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws los yog qib siab tshaj ntawm txhua yam: qhov tseeb nyuaj yog ib puas feem pua, cov hlau tawv yog cov suab paj nruag zoo heev. Los yog thaum ib yam dab tsi mus tsis ncaj ncees lawm: zhestachayshy remont (saib Dazhynki), zhestachayshy PR.

Ntawm lwm cov lus tseem ceeb ntawm lub sijhawm, qiv los ntawm Lukashenka thiab nquag siv hauv kev hais lus txhua hnub, yog ashchushcheniya ("sensations"; tej zaum yuav tsis muaj tse, tab sis tej zaum ashchushchenie ntawm hnub so), hto-ta ўrot ("ib tug neeg dag.”), nastayashchy ("Real") thiab perakhivats ("shake up").

Trasyanka (spelled in sau) feem ntau yog siv los parody Lukashenka thiab lwm tus neeg txhawb nqa tsoomfwv. Piv txwv li, tus neeg sau xov xwm Ales Piletsky siv cov txheej txheem no hauv nws cov khoom me me los ntawm #daypack series txog kev sib tham hauv xov tooj:

- Alexander Grigorievich, nyob zoo. Koj puas hnov kuv?

- Gavars, laj. Ntawm no kuv nyob. Muaj dab tsi tshwm sim nyob ntawd?

- Kev daws teeb meem ntawm European Parliament, Alexander Grigorievich.

- Kev txheeb xyuas hauv Europarlamenz? Yuav ua li cas inseresna.

8. Svyadomy

Cov neeg koom nrog kev tawm tsam tawm tsam hauv Minsk. 2020 xyoo© Sergey Bobylev / TASS / Diomedia

Txawm hais tias qhov tseeb lo lus svyadomy txhais tau tias "tso tseg", tam sim no nws tau siv ntau lub ntsiab lus sib txawv. Nws keeb kwm yog hais txog tib yam li Ukrainian lo lus svidomy, paub zoo dua nyob rau hauv Russia: thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, nws tau los ua ib tug epithet rau cov neeg uas muaj ib tug siab ntawm lub teb chaws paub txog tus kheej (qhov tseeb, lo lus svyadomy nws tus kheej). los ntawm lo lus svyadomas, "kev nco qab", uas feem ntau siv thiab nws kuj yog siv nyob rau hauv lub siab ntawm "tus kheej-paub"; tib lub hauv paus lus Lavxias teb sab - paub).

Cov neeg zoo li no tau tawm tswv yim rau lub xeev Belarusian ywj pheej, rau kev siv cov lus Belarusian hauv lub neej, kev loj hlob ntawm Belarusian kab lis kev cai, thiab lwm yam. Tej zaum, lo lus svyadomy tau rov qab siv dua thaum xyoo 1980s - thaum ntxov 1990s ntawm nthwv dej ntawm kev tawm tsam. communist thiab feem ntau nyob rau tib lub sij hawm lub teb chaws -democratic tawm tsam, ua, qhov tseeb, nyob rau hauv lub plural designation ntawm ib lub teb chaws oriented intelligentsia.

Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab Lukashenko yeej hauv kev xaiv tsa thawj tswj hwm hauv nruab nrab-90s, lo lus no tau txais cov lus tsis zoo hauv kev hais lus ntawm lub hwj chim: hauv kev hais lus ntawm Lukashenka thiab nws cov neeg txhawb nqa, yuav luag txhua qhov kev tawm tsam pib thuam lub npe, thiab muaj lo lus no. nyob rau hauv ib tug xov xwm los yog analytical tsab xov xwm nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab (tab sis tsis nyob rau hauv Belarusian!) lus tam sim no unambiguously qhia lub meej meej txoj hauj lwm ntawm nws tus sau. Qhov no yog ib txoj hauv kev nthuav dav ntawm semantic txoj kev loj hlob uas lo lus no tau dhau los: los ntawm lub ntsiab lus zoo unambiguously nyob rau hauv Belarusian lus mus rau ib qho tsis zoo connotation nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab.

Zaj dab neeg ntawm lo lus zmagar ("fighter") yog zoo sib xws: nyob rau hauv lub Belarusian lus nws yog siv nruab nrab nyob rau hauv tej lub ntsiab lus, zoo ib yam li Lavxias teb sab "fighter", tab sis nyob rau hauv lub Lavxias teb sab lus pro-tsoom fwv discourse, lo lus zmagar kuj. pib siv los ua lub npe tawm tsam rau kev tawm tsam, thiab neologism zmagarizm qhia txog Belarusian haiv neeg hauv kev hais lus ntawm nws cov neeg tawm tsam.

9. Ib

Bulbashi. Painting los ntawm ib tug tsis paub Belarusian artist. Thawj ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 20thDuab Gallery "Rarity"

Lub tswv yim hais txog kev hlub ntawm Belarusians rau qos yaj ywm yog li banal thiab neglected tias nws yog txawm txaj muag los hais nws ntawm no. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev xav no tsis yog tsuas yog nyob sab nraud, hauv cov tswv yim ntawm lwm haiv neeg txog Belarusians, tab sis kuj zoo kawg nkaus hauv paus: Belarusians zoo siab rau tso dag thiab ua memes txog qos yaj ywm.

Zaj nkauj "Cas Qos aka bulba" koom nrog kev xaiv lub teb chaws rau Eurovision-2019, Belarusian chaw ua haujlwm ntawm "Yandex" luam tawm kev kawm "Jokes ib sab: dab tsi Belarusians tab tom nrhiav hauv Is Taws Nem txog qos yaj ywm", hauv xov xwm pej xeem "Tea nrog raspberry varennem ", nrog rau cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb, cov xov xwm tau tham txog tias Elizabeth II tsis kam noj qos yaj ywm lossis cov neeg nyob hauv ib lub tsev ntawm Kiev cog paj txaj nrog qos yaj ywm es tsis txhob paj.

Ib qho ntxiv, sib nrug los ntawm useagulnay mlyavastsi, Belarusian-hais lus idiom, uas yog siv txawm nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab lus, yog hasisya ў bulba (" nkaum hauv qos yaj ywm"), txhais tau hais tias ib yam dab tsi tsis kaj siab heev tshwm sim. Lub npe menyuam yaus Bulbashi - txawm hais tias nws tseem yog sab nraud thiab tsis tau siv los ua tus kheej lub npe - Belarusians xyaum tsis txhob ua txhaum: Bulbash vodka ua hauv Minsk lees paub qhov no.

Qos yaj ywm tais kuj tseem ceeb heev, thiab lub teb chaws lub ntsiab tais yog, ntawm chav kawm, pancakes, grated qos pancakes nrog los yog tsis muaj nqaij los yog lwm yam filling.

Cov xov xwm Belarusian qee zaum ntsuas kev nce nqi los ntawm pancake Performance index - muaj kev yos hav zoov tiag tiag rau cov thom khwm los ntawm Mark Formelle lub tuam txhab nrog dranikas ntawm ib qho thiab smyatanka ntawm lwm qhov, vim tias lawv tam sim ntawd xaus rau hauv khw muag khoom, thiab tshuaj tsis sib haum xeeb (nrog lossis tsis muaj hmoov nplej, nrog rau. los yog tsis muaj dos dos, thiab lwm yam) nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm lub hwj chim yog tsis inferior rau Lavxias teb sab sib ntaus sib tua ntawm okroshka.

Cov lus nug txog cov qos yaj ywm pancakes tseem raug nug rau cov neeg muaj peev xwm xaiv tsa hauv kev xaiv tsa xyoo 2020, thiab, tham txog Viktor Babariko cov lus teb, Euroradio tau hais txog: Tab sis lub siab ntawm cov neeg uas tsis tuaj yeem xav txog qos yaj ywm pancakes tsis muaj hmoov nplej, qe lossis dos tam sim no tawg.. Vim koj tsis tas yuav tso dag nrog qos yaj ywm pancakes. Draniki hnyav heev. Qhov no yog dawb huv!”

Tej zaum tsuas muaj ib lo lus nug uas faib cov neeg Belarusians rau hauv ob lub chaw pw hav zoov muaj zog dua li daim ntawv qhia rau cov qos yaj ywm pancakes tiag tiag: cov mis nyuj condensed yog qhov tseeb - Rogachev lossis Glubokaya? Tau kawg, tseem muaj cov thom khwm nrog Belarusian condensed mis nyuj.

10. Belarus

Daim ntawv qhia ntawm Belarus. Minsk, xyoo 1918Wikimedia Commons

Nws yog qhov txawv heev uas nrhiav tau lub npe ntawm lub tebchaws nyob rau hauv cov npe ntawm cov lus uas pab kom nkag siab txog lub teb chaws kab lis kev cai. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no yog qhov tseeb zoo li no.

Thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 1991, rov qab rau hauv BSSR, tau txais ib txoj cai lij choj, raws li lub teb chaws yuav tsum tam sim no hu ua Belarus, thiab lub npe yuav tsum tsis txhob muab txhais ua lwm yam lus, tab sis transliterated, thiab los ntawm no version.

Nrog rau qee yam lus, qhov no tshwm sim tiag tiag: Lus Askiv Byelorussia (li no lub.by domain) thiab Belorussia sai sai hloov mus rau Belarus (me ntsis ntev nws tshwm sim nrog lub npe ntawm cov lus), tab sis nyob rau hauv lwm tus neeg lub transliteration ntawm lub npe Lavxias teb sab (Fabkis). Biélorussie) lossis txhais lus (German Weißrussland, "White Russia"; lub npe no tau pib tso tseg hauv 2020 nkaus xwb).

Nyob rau hauv 1995, Lavxias teb sab tau txais cov xwm txheej ntawm lub xeev ob hom lus nyob rau hauv Belarus, tom qab uas lub version ntawm lub npe twb kaw nyob rau hauv lub official Lavxias teb sab-lus ntaub ntawv. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv Russia, nws coj cov hauv paus tsis zoo.

Rau feem ntau ntawm Belarusians, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov yug nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub 80s thiab tom qab ntawd, lub version ntawm Belarus yog Soviet, outdated. Lawv tau npaj siab xav tias cov neeg Lavxias siv nws ntawm kev saib tsis taus thiab txawm tias kev xav tsis thoob.

Rau ntau tus neeg Lavxias, qhov no tsis yog qhov teeb meem kev nom kev tswv, tab sis tsuas yog ib qho teeb meem ntawm tus cwj pwm thiab kev sau ntawv (kev tso dag thaum Lub Peb Hlis 2020: Belarusians txhob txwm tshaj tawm tus kabmob coronavirus kom cov neeg Lavxias thaum kawg nco ntsoov tias lub suab sib txuas muaj nyob).

Ob peb xyoos dhau los no, cov lus nug nyuaj tau ntxiv rau cov lus nug ntawm lub npe ntawm lub teb chaws txog kev sau cov npe thiab lub npe ntawm haiv neeg tau los ntawm nws: vim cov no tsis yog cov npe, lawv nyob hauv phau ntawv txhais lus. thiab, raws li, kev sau ntawv nrog tus tsis tuaj yeem txhais lwm yam tsis yog kev sau ntawv yuam kev. Txawm li cas los xij, Belarusian Lavxias-lus xov xwm tau nce siv Belarusian, Belarusian thiab txawm tias Belarusian versions.

Kev tsis sib haum xeeb thiab zoo sib xws hauv cov lus hais txog yuav ua li cas sau lub npe ntawm lub xeev Belarusian (ob tog muaj tsawg dua 10 cov lus sib cav me ntsis hauv kev pom zoo ntawm lawv cov version) tau dhau los ua kev coj noj coj ua uas lawv txawm tau txais lawv lub npe tawm tsam - bulbossrachi (saib Bulba) …

Thaum Lub Yim Hli 2020, thaum muaj kev tawm tsam nom tswv hauv Belarus, qee cov xov xwm Lavxias thiab cov neeg siv zoo tib yam uas txhawb cov neeg tawm tsam tau xaiv los sau tag nrho peb lo lus (Belarus, Belarus, Belarusian) los ntawm ib tus kws sau paj huam Lev Rubinstein zoo nkauj hu ua kev hais lus txhawb siab.

Tsis yog cov ntawv xov xwm zoo tshaj plaws, koj tuaj yeem pom ntau lub npe piv txwv ntawm Belarus - Xiav-eyed (vim muaj ntau lub pas dej). Thiab nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb, Belarusians feem ntau ironically siv cov lus hais los ntawm kev hais lus nom tswv thiab kev tshaj tawm hauv zej zog: Lub Tebchaws rau Lub Neej, Ib Tug Island ntawm Kev Ruaj Ntseg, Kvitneyuchaya ("Kev vam meej") thiab lwm yam.

11. Shuflyadka

Belarusian archivist, historian, ethnographer, kws sau ntawv Mikhail Meleshko hauv nws qhov chaw ua haujlwm. Minsk, 1927© Belarusian State Archives ntawm xinesmas thiab cov ntaub ntawv duab

Saum toj no muaj cov lus Belarusian, lo lus los ntawm trasyanka - thiab tam sim no ntawm no yog ib tug Lavxias teb sab lo lus, ntau precisely, ib lo lus los ntawm lub Belarusian cheeb tsam ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus. Nws tsis yog tsis pub leejtwg paub tias feem ntau ntawm Belarusians yog Lavxias-hais lus, tab sis Belarusian Lavxias teb sab - raws li nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab cheeb tsam - me ntsis txawv ntawm cov lus sau.

Ntxiv nrog rau cov lus Belarusian ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm lub zog, uas yog tam sim no ntawm cov neeg laus thiab cov neeg nyob hauv cov nroog me, muaj ntau lub kaum ob lub regionalisms nyob rau hauv Belarusian Lavxias teb sab: cov lus uas tsis tshwm sim los yog tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim sab nraum Belarus. Cov neeg Belarusians txaus siab rau qee tus ntawm lawv thiab khav theeb rau lawv cov phooj ywg Lavxias - qhov piv txwv nto moo tshaj plaws, tej zaum, yog ib lub tub rau khoom, "tub rau khoom ntawm lub rooj" (hauv Ukrainian Lavxias kuj muaj, tab sis nyob rau hauv ib daim ntawv sib txawv - tub rau khoom.).

Ntau tus txawm tsis xav tias feem ntau cov kev cai hauv cheeb tsam tsis yog tag nrho cov lus Lavxias: daim ntawv teev npe ("plaque ntawm lub tsev lossis chaw ua haujlwm"), golf ("turtleneck"), nrog ntau dua ("feem ntau"), kev sib tw ("cov khoom noj uas. yog coj mus ua hauj lwm los yog kawm "), ntxuav - tsawg zaus ntxuav, uas kuj yog nyob rau hauv lub Lavxias teb sab cheeb tsam (" eraser "), hapun (" loj heev raug kaw los ntawm tub ceev xwm "los yog" excitement nyob rau hauv lub khw "), lick (" poob, ntaus, tawg, vwm "), fuck nrog ib yam dab tsi ("luag ntawm ib yam dab tsi"; vernacular), tihar ("tus neeg saib xyuas kev ruaj ntseg hauv cov khaub ncaws pej xeem"), muab lub busk ("hnia"; ntau zaus hauv kev sib txuas lus nrog me nyuam), xyaum ("ua kom puas"; nyob rau hauv lub chaw zov me nyuam hais lus), lej, rusitsa, thiab lwm yam es tsis txhob lej thiab rusichka - thiab ntau lwm tus.

Ib txhia ntawm cov regionalisms tuaj rau hauv Lavxias teb sab lus ntawm Belarusians los ntawm Belarusian lus (qee ntawm lawv, nyob rau hauv lem, los ntawm Polish, thiab muaj - los ntawm German, piv txwv li, ib tug shuflyadka thiab ib tug nameplate), thaum lwm tus neeg - zoo li ib tug chuckle los yog golf. - sawv txoj cai nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab lus.

12. Dazhynki

Dozhinki hnub so hauv Glubokoe. xyoo 1934Narodowe archiwum cyfrowe