Cov tshuaj tua kab mob tuag taus raug nqi 4,000 npaug ntau dua li kub

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Ib tug ntawm cov laus tshaj plaws tricks nyob rau hauv kev lag luam phau ntawv yog kom tag nrho inflate tus nqi ntawm ib yam dab tsi thiaj li yuav ua rau kom nws perceived tus nqi rau tib neeg. Ironically, qhov qis dua tus nqi ntawm cov khoom lag luam, qhov ua tau zoo dua qhov kev tawm tsam no. Qhov no tuaj yeem piav qhia qhov tshwm sim nrog ib qho ntawm cov tshuaj kim tshaj plaws thiab tsis muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev ua lag luam niaj hnub no.

Tus neeg saib xyuas kws khomob no hu ua ipilimumab (lub npe lag luam YERVOY) thiab raug nqi txog $ 120,000 rau kev kho mob tag nrho. Thaum cov chaw tsim khoom lag luam touts YERVOY raws li muab kev cia siab rau cov neeg uas tsis tuaj yeem kho lossis metastatic melanoma, nws tseem ceeb toom rau nws lub vev xaib tias cov tshuaj cuam tshuam tuaj yeem ua rau tuag taus:

Cov kev mob tshwm sim loj ntawm YERVOY yog dab tsi?

YERVOY tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phiv loj heev hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub cev uas tuaj yeem ua rau tuag taus. Kev mob tshwm sim loj ntawm YERVOY tuaj yeem suav nrog:

• teeb meem plab hnyuv (colitis), uas tuaj yeem ua kua muag lossis qhov (perforation) hauv cov hnyuv;
• kab mob siab (hepatitis), uas tuaj yeem ua rau lub siab tsis ua haujlwm;
• teeb meem ntawm daim tawv nqaij uas tuaj yeem ua rau tawv nqaij tawv heev;
• paj hlwb teeb meem uas tuaj yeem ua rau tuag tes tuag taw;
• teeb meem nrog cov qog hormonal (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov qog pituitary, qog adrenal, thiab thyroid caj pas);
• thiab teeb meem tsis pom kev.

Hauv phau ntawv Journal of Clinical Oncology, ib daim ntawv tshaj tawm xyoo 2015 tau pom tias 85% ntawm cov neeg mob kho nrog ipilimumab muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob tsis zoo (IONNs), nrog 35% xav tau cov kab mob corticosteroid thiab 10% hauv kev kho mob qog nqaij hlav necrosis alpha (TNF- Alpha).), pom meej kom sim cawm lawv los ntawm kev mob tshwm sim ntawm thawj zaug kev kho mob nrog ipilimumab. Qhov kwv yees kwv yees lub sij hawm rau kev kho mob tsis ua hauj lwm (txhais tias yog lub sij hawm rau kev kho mob tshiab lossis tus neeg mob tuag) tsuas yog 5.7 lub hlis.

Koj tuaj yeem tshaj tawm cov tshuaj "kev tiv thaiv kab mob" li cas uas ua rau muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob loj tshaj plaws, suav nrog kev tuag, nrog rau qhov cuam tshuam tias nws yuav ua rau "muaj sia nyob mus ntev"?

Daim ntawv tshaj tawm ntawm Bristol-Myers Squibb lub vev xaib rau YERVOY nyeem:

Leej twg tsis xav kom muaj sia nyob ntev?

Koj xav tau ntau tshaj qhov kev cia siab. Nrog YERVOY (ipilimumab), koj muaj pov thawj.

Dab tsi ntawm "pov thawj" ntawm cov khoom txuag ntawm YERVOY lawv txhais li cas? Ua ntej, cia peb saib seb ipilimumab yog dab tsi tiag.

Dab tsi ntawm "pov thawj" ntawm cov khoom txuag ntawm YERVOY lawv txhais li cas? Ua ntej, cia peb saib seb ipilimumab tiag tiag yog dab tsi.

Cov qog-derived monoclonal antibody los tua cov qog?

Ipilimumab (lub npe lag luam YERVOY) belongs rau ib chav kawm ntawm cov tshuaj hu ua monoclonal antibodies. Monoclonal antibodies yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom ntawm ib hom mob qog noj ntshav. Lawv yog tsim los ntawm kev tsim cov qog nqaij hlav hu ua hybridomas. Hybridomas yog tsim los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm tib neeg myeloma (ib hom mob qog noj ntshav B) thiab cov hlwb spleen. Cov biofactories no tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob monoclonal uas tau tsim kho los khi rau cov kab ke tshwj xeeb / cov hom phiaj lom neeg, txawm hais tias lawv puas yog qhov tseeb raws li qhov tshwj xeeb hauv lawv cov teebmeem raws li tau hais tseg yog qhib rau lo lus nug. Ib qho teeb meem pom tseeb nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob monoclonal yog tias, zoo li feem ntau cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg siv los ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, hybridomas tau kis tus kab mob endogenous retroviruses, uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj ntau yam teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv.

Yog li puas muaj dab tsi xav tsis thoob hauv qhov tseeb tias cov qog no tau los ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav cancer tuaj yeem tsim cov qog nqaij hlav uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau tib neeg lub cev?

YERVOY tau xav tias yuav txhawb nqa kev tiv thaiv kab mob qog noj ntshav ntawm cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob los ntawm kev tsom mus rau CTLA-4 protein receptor, cov protein receptor uas tswj lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Txoj kev xav yog tias thaum CTLA-4 protein receptor deactivated nrog ipilimumab, CTL kev ua haujlwm tau nce, uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Qhov no linear heev thiab simplistic ib-ua rau-ib-feeb logic tseem tsis tau muaj pov thawj ntseeg. Ib qho yuav xav tias, thaum tsis muaj pov thawj tseeb ntawm cov txheej txheem plausible, cov txiaj ntsig kev kho mob yuav hais rau lawv tus kheej, thiab txij li FDA xav tau cov placebo-tswj, randomized, ob qhov muag tsis pom kev sim los tsim kev ua tau zoo, cov tshuaj no yuav raug lees paub tias yog yuav tsum tau. Qhov no tsis muaj tseeb.

"Cov pov thawj" uas tsis muaj nyob

Dab tsi yog cov pov thawj kho mob tau nthuav tawm los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom Yervoy (Bristol-Myers Squibb) los txhawb nws qhov kev thov tias nws tsim "lub sijhawm muaj sia nyob mus ntev"?

Hauv xyoo 2007, Bristol-Myers Squibb thiab Medarex tau luam tawm peb txoj kev tshawb fawb, ib qho uas pom tau tias cov tshuaj tsis ua tiav nws lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev txo cov qog nqaij hlav tsawg kawg yog 10% ntawm 155 tus neeg mob hauv txoj kev tshawb no (1).

Txawm li cas los xij, lawv qhov kev sim tshuaj ntsuam xyuas theem III tsis tau siv cov placebo los yog cov txheej txheem kho mob rau lawv pawg tswj hwm. Hloov chaw, txoj kev tshawb no tau sim ipilmumab ib leeg, ipilimumab nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev sim hu ua gp100, thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv ib leeg.

Txawm hais tias qhov ciaj sia taus ntawm cov neeg mob siv ipilumamab ib leeg yog siab dua me ntsis (10 piv rau 6 lub hlis), nws tsis paub meej tias qhov kev sim tshuaj tiv thaiv puas tsim kev puas tsuaj, uas yuav ua rau cov tshuaj zoo dua li lwm cov tshuaj. Qhov kev muaj sia nyob ib xyoos yog 46% hauv cov neeg mob tau txais ipilimumab ib leeg, piv nrog 25% ntawm cov neeg mob tau txais gp100 thiab 44% ntawm cov neeg mob tau txais ob qho tshuaj (2).

Ib txoj kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no xyoo 2015 tau tshaj tawm nyob rau hauv American Journal of Clinical Oncology pom tias ipilmumab tsis ua kom muaj sia nyob thaum siv ntxiv rau kev kho hluav taws xob rau cov neeg mob metastatic hlwb melanoma, ntxiv dag zog rau cov pov thawj tiv thaiv cov neeg tsim khoom thov tias cov tshuaj tau ua pov thawj tias muaj txiaj ntsig. rau cov neeg mob cancer.

Insecure, unproven thiab 4,000 npaug ntau kim tshaj kub

Yervoy yog ib qho tshuaj khomob kim tshaj plaws hauv khw. Qhov tseeb, ntawm 2015 American Society of Clinical Oncology Lub Rooj Sib Tham Txhua Xyoo, Dr. Leonard Saltz, Lub taub hau ntawm Gastrointestinal Oncology ntawm Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, tau tham txog tus nqi siab ntawm cov tshuaj mob qog noj ntshav, hais txog tus nqi ntawm ipilimumab (157.46 / mg), uas yog "kwv yees li 4000 npaug ntawm tus nqi ntawm kub." Raws li xyoo 2013, tus nqi kho mob yog kwv yees li $ 120,000 rau ib chav kawm tag nrho.

Hauv tsab ntawv sau yav dhau los hu ua "Muaj Cov Tshuaj Kho Mob Ua Ib Daim Ntawv Teev Tseg ntawm Tib Neeg," Kuv tau txheeb xyuas qhov kev lag luam kws tshuaj qhov kev coj ua tsis ncaj ncees rau kev kho mob qog noj ntshav, kos qhov sib piv rau cov tuam txhab nyiaj txiag uas vam khom cov ntawv, fiat cov txiaj ntsig los khaws lub zog loj thiab kev tswj hwm:

Hloov Cov Kab Mob rau hauv Kub ntawm Lub Tshuab Luam Ntawv Tshuaj

Ntau yam kab mob niaj hnub no tau tsim los ntawm kev txiav txim siab (xws li cov txiaj ntsig niaj hnub): cov tsos mob ntawm cov hnub nyoog laus ntawm cov khoom noj tsis txaus lossis tshuaj lom neeg raug muab rov qab thiab hloov npe ua Latin thiab Greek, zoo li lawv yog tib lub ntsiab lus ntawm tus kab mob, thiab tom qab ntawd nthuav tawm rau cov neeg siv khoom. nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev muag khoom tshiab; txhua tus kab mob yog qhov tseeb kub kuv cov tsos mob "kho tau"; Txhua tus tsos mob muab lub hauv paus rau kev sau npe tshiab ntawm cov tshuaj muaj tshuaj lom neeg muaj txiaj ntsig.

Los ntawm lawv tus kheej, "cov tshuaj" feem ntau tsis muaj qhov tseem ceeb, tsis muaj dab tsi ntau tshaj li cov khoom lag luam thiab cov tshuaj reoriented tsim (txawm hais tias feem ntau tsis raug) yuav tsum tau noj hauv cov tshuaj sublethal. Qhov tseeb, ntau yam ntawm cov tshuaj no yog tshuaj lom heev uas yuav raug cai tso tawm rau hauv ib puag ncig thiab yuav tsum tsis txhob txhob txwm muab rau tus neeg uas twb mob lawm. Koj tsis tas yuav saib ntxiv dua li cov pob tshuaj niaj hnub los nrhiav pov thawj tias cov kev mob tshwm sim ntawm cov tshuaj feem ntau ntau dua lawv cov txiaj ntsig xav tau.

Cov tshuaj no, qhov tseeb, yog li overpriced los ntawm lawv cov nqi tseeb (lossis tsis muaj) uas lawv yuav raug muag. nrog rau cov nyiaj tau los txog li 500,000% ntawm tus nqi! Tsuas yog cov tsev kho mob / kws kho mob thiab nyiaj txiag (xws li Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Reserve) muaj txoj cai lij choj los tsim qhov kev tsis pom tseeb tias lawv tab tom tsim ib yam dab tsi uas muaj nuj nqis tawm ntawm qhov ntsuas no. Qhov kev tswj hwm ntawm qhov pom tau tias muaj txiaj ntsig, uas yog lub hauv paus rau kev tswj hwm thoob ntiaj teb ntawm cov qauv tshuaj raws li cov tshuaj, tsis txawv li cas cov tuam txhab nyiaj txiag tsim cov khoom lag luam tsis zoo (xws li credit default swaps), qhov tseem ceeb tsim qhov kev xav ntawm nyiaj txiag zoo- ua thiab kev vam meej, thaum lub sij hawm ntawd, thaum lawv sow cov noob ntawm kev tuag nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no kev khwv nyiaj txiag; thaum rhuav tshem lub neej ntawm ntau lab tus tib neeg.

Pom tseeb, tam sim no lees txais kev kho mob qog noj ntshav tsis yog tsuas yog ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj thiab tuaj yeem tua tus neeg mob sai dua li mob qog noj ntshav, uas nws tau raug kho, tab sis kuj tuaj yeem ua rau nyiaj txiag puas tsuaj.

Qhov tseeb yog tias ntau cov kev tshawb fawb ua ntej qhia tau hais tias muaj kev nyab xeeb, zoo, pheej yig, thiab pheej yig lwm txoj kev siv tshuaj rau kev kho mob melanoma twb muaj lawm. Vim tias lawv yog cov khoom siv ntuj tsim uas tsis tso cai tshwj xeeb rau patents, lawv yuav tsis tau txais $ 800 lab rau $ 11 nphom hauv cov peev nyiaj ua ntej uas xav tau los pab nyiaj rau kev sim siab kom tau txais kev pom zoo FDA. Txhawm rau tshawb nrhiav lwm txoj hauv kev rau kev kho mob melanoma, siv GreenMedInfo.com database ntawm lub ncauj lus ntawm no. Tsis tas li ntawd, kawm txog qhov tseeb ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav los ntawm kev kawm txog lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav qog noj ntshav, nrog rau cov khoom siv ntuj tsim uas muaj peev xwm xaiv tua cov qog hlwb yam tsis ua mob rau cov neeg noj qab haus huv.

Tsis tas li ntawd, rau cov ntaub ntawv txhim khu kev qha ntawm kev cuam tshuam txog kev mob qog noj ntshav, suav nrog ntau txhiab qhov kev tshawb fawb thiab cov ntawv tshaj tawm ntawm lub ncauj lus, thov mus rau: Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv: Kev Tshawb Fawb Cancer

Txuas:

Nco ntsoov!Cov ntaub ntawv muab tsis yog ib qho kev lees paub txog kev kho mob thiab yog kev kawm dav dav thiab cov ntaub ntawv xov xwm. Cov kev xav tau hais tawm ntawm no tsis tas yuav cuam tshuam txog kev xav ntawm cov kws sau ntawv lossis cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm MedAlternative.info. Cov ntaub ntawv no tsis tuaj yeem hloov cov lus qhia thiab cov tshuaj ntawm kws kho mob. Cov kws sau ntawv ntawm MedAlternativa.info tsis muaj lub luag haujlwm rau qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo ntawm kev siv tshuaj lossis siv cov txheej txheem piav qhia hauv kab lus / yees duab. Cov neeg nyeem / cov neeg saib yuav tsum txiav txim siab txog qhov ua tau ntawm kev siv cov lus piav qhia lossis txoj hauv kev rau lawv tus kheej cov teeb meem tom qab sab laj nrog lawv tus kws kho mob.