Lwm $ 50 nphom rau cov tuam txhab tshuaj los ntawm Nobel laureates

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Lwm hnub, Asmeskas James Ellison thiab Nyij Pooj Tasuku Honjo tau tshaj tawm cov khoom plig ntawm Nobel nqi zog hauv Physiology lossis Tshuaj. Los ntawm kev kawm txog qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv kev tawm tsam mob qog noj ntshav, cov kws tshawb fawb tsis yog tuaj yeem hloov txoj hauv kev rau kev kho mob xwb, tab sis kuj tau tsim cov khoom tsim ua ntej rau APPEARANCE OF A MULTI-BILLION MARKET OF NEW DRUGS.

Lawv qhov muag hauv ntiaj teb xyoo no yog kwv yees li ntawm $ 15 nphom, kev kwv yees rau yav tom ntej - kev ua lag luam ntawm $ 50 billion. Cov yeeb yaj kiab ntawm Kramol portal, mob siab rau kev tawm tsam kev mob qog noj ntshav thiab cov khoom plig Nobel, tuaj yeem pom ntawm cov ntawv txuas no.:

Oncology yog kev lag luam vam meej

Nobel nqi zog yog dab tsi?

Tus kws tshawb fawb piav qhia vim li cas cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob kho mob qog noj ntshav

Qhov tseeb hais tias cov qog muaj peev xwm dim ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob "kev soj ntsuam", txuas ntxiv mus ua neej nyob thiab ntau ntxiv hauv tus neeg mob lub cev, txawm tias muaj lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob (cov qog antigens), tau paub ntev. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau xav tias cov qog ua haujlwm los dag ntxias lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, uas ua rau cov neeg ua phem rau sab nraud (cov kab mob, cov kab mob, cov ntaub so ntswg txawv teb chaws), tab sis tsis pom cov qog loj hlob. Tab sis cov txheej txheem ntawm qhov camouflage mus txog rau thaum nyuam qhuav tseem tsis tau paub txog ntau xyoo, thaum lub sij hawm tag nrho cov kev sim ntawm cov kws kho mob kom "tsim" tiv thaiv qog nqaij hlav tsis ua tiav.

Nws yog rau kev tshawb pom ntawm cov txheej txheem no thiab kev tsim cov tshuaj tshiab uas tau hloov kho kev kho mob qog noj ntshav, thiab tau txais txiaj ntsig Nobel nqi zog hauv Tshuaj thiab Physiology xyoo no.

"Cov tshuaj tsim los ntawm qhov kev tshawb pom no tau ua tiav hauv qhov yuav luag tsis tuaj yeem - muab qee tus neeg uas muaj cov kab mob tuag taus yav dhau los uas ua rau muaj kev tuag rau kev tswj cov qog mus ntev, qee qhov kev kho kom tiav," - hais tias Nikolai Zhukov, RIA Novosti Department of Multidisciplinary Oncology, National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology thiab Immunology muaj npe tom qab Dmitry Rogachev, Associate Professor ntawm Department of Oncology, Hematology thiab Radiation Therapy, Lavxias National Research Medical University muaj npe tom qab N. I. Pirogova, pawg thawj coj ntawm Lavxias Society of Clinical Oncology (Russco).

Professor James Ellison, 2018 Nobel nqi zog hauv Physiology lossis Tshuaj

Raws li tus kws kho mob oncologist, cov tshuaj tam sim no tau siv rau kev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv cov neeg uas muaj cov kab mob metastases nyob deb, thaum tus kab mob tau mus txog theem plaub. Thiab nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm luv luv los ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm lawv thawj tsos, lawv ua pov thawj lawv cov hauj lwm zoo thiab tau pib raug siv nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no rau 14 hom qog.

Ib chav kawm tshiab ntawm cov tshuaj tau qhia nws cov txiaj ntsig thawj zaug ntawm melanoma.

"Ua ntej lawv cov tsos mob, cov neeg mob uas muaj metastases ntawm melanoma nyob rau tsawg dua ib xyoos, thiab peb tuaj yeem muab rau lawv tsis muaj dab tsi txawm tias yog kev kho mob uas ua rau lawv lub neej ntev me ntsis. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv luam tawm, tsis muaj kev txhawb nqa ntxiv, ib ntawm tsib tus neeg mob tau kho nyob rau hauv cov kev sim no thaum ntxov tau muaj sia nyob yam tsis muaj mob rau xya mus rau yim xyoo lossis ntev dua, lawv kho tau. Kev tshawb nrhiav pom, tau txais txiaj ntsig Nobel, muab qee tus neeg mob uas yav dhau los ib puas feem pua tus kab mob kho tsis tau muaj txoj hauv kev rau kev kho, "Zhukov txuas ntxiv.

Tau kawg, cov tshuaj muaj kev phiv. Txij li thaum lawv disinhibit lub cev tsis muaj zog, nws tuaj yeem tua tsis tau tsuas yog cov qog, tab sis kuj tseem noj qab nyob zoo hauv nruab nrog cev thiab cov ntaub so ntswg, qee zaum ua rau autoimmune puas, piv txwv li, thyroid caj pas, pituitary caj pas, tawv nqaij, siab, hnyuv.

"Hauv paus ntsiab lus, cov tshuaj ntawm cov chav kawm tshiab yog tswj tau, nrog rau lawv cov kev mob tshwm sim hauv feem ntau tuaj yeem sib txuas tau zoo. Ib feem pua ntawm cov kev mob tshwm sim yog kev them nyiaj zoo sib xws rau qhov yuav zam kom tsis txhob muaj kev tuag los ntawm kev mob qog noj ntshav," tus kws tshaj lij piav qhia.

Nws yuav tsum to taub tias kev tiv thaiv kab mob tsis pab txhua leej txhua tus, tab sis tsuas yog cov neeg uas tswj kom "tig" lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, yuam kom nws mus tua cov qog. Hauv 10 thiab txawm tias 60 feem pua ntawm cov neeg mob, nyob ntawm qhov kev kuaj mob, nws muaj peev xwm ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig ntev.

Raws li Zhukov, nws tsis yooj yim sua kom nrhiav tau ib qho kev kho mob thoob ntiaj teb rau txhua hom qog nqaij hlav hauv tib neeg, xws li "cov mos txwv kub", tab sis qhov tseeb tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tshiab yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev kho yam tsawg kawg ntawm cov neeg mob tau pom tseeb.

Vim li cas cov tshuaj tshiab tsis ua rau lub cev tsis muaj zog hauv txhua tus?

"Peb txhua tus sib txawv heev. Thiab peb cov qog kuj txawv. Lub hauv paus ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav txawv rau txhua tus, lub cev ua rau cov kab mob sib txawv. Yog vim li cas ib tug neeg tsis haum rau txiv ntoo, thiab ib tug neeg tsis yog? Qee tus kab mob autoimmune., tab sis lwm tus tsis yog? Zoo li peb txhua tus tau nqis los ntawm tib cov poj koob yawm txwv, " - tus kws tshawb fawb teb.

Hmoov zoo, cov kev tshawb fawb tau tshwm sim los twv seb leej twg yuav tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab leej twg yuav tsis, thiab lwm yam yuav tsum tau nrhiav.

Cov tshuaj tshiab yog dab tsi? Cov no yog cov proteins uas tsim tawm hauv chav kuaj - cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, zoo ib yam li cov uas peb lub cev tiv thaiv nws tus kheej tawm tsam cov kab mob. Ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv ib txwm muaj tshwj xeeb, uas yog, nws ua rau lub hom phiaj nruj me ntsis. Hauv qhov no, lub hom phiaj yog cov molecules uas "tawm" (inhibit) lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tiv thaiv qog. Thaum, nyob rau hauv tus ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau tus neeg mob intravenously, "brake" raug tso tawm, lub cev tiv thaiv yog tshwm sim los ntawm nws tus kheej.

"Thawj cov tshuaj rau kev tiv thaiv kab mob tau tsim tawm txawv teb chaws. Alas, feem ntau ntawm cov tshuaj tshiab ncav cuag peb tsuas yog generics - analogues uas tau tsim tom qab kev tiv thaiv patent tas lawm. Yuav kom tsis txhob tos ntau xyoo, peb tau tsim peb tus kheej cov tshuaj hauv Russia. ", - hais tias tus kws tshaj lij.

Qhov no yog ib qho tshuaj nrog tus lej BCD-100, tsim los ntawm lub tuam txhab BIOCAD.

"Qhov no tsis yog ib daim ntawv luam ntawm cov uas twb muaj lawm nyob rau txawv teb chaws, tab sis ib tug thawj txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ib tug tshiab tiam, uas belongs rau PD-1 pab pawg neeg ntawm inhibitors ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Cov tshuaj yog nyob rau hauv lub kawg theem ntawm kev soj ntsuam kev sim nyob rau hauv tib neeg. Thaj, lawv. tau ua qhov ua tau tiag tiag," xaus lus Nikolay Zhukov.