78 txhiab nroj tsuag thiab factories tua los ntawm Russia nyob rau hauv 20 xyoo dhau los

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Lub teb chaws rov qab mus rau kev tsim khoom me me thiab kev ua liaj ua teb nrog rau kev ua haujlwm ntau dua.

Kev sib tham txog kev sib tham hauv kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov laj thawj rau qhov "qhov chaw tsis ua haujlwm" tom ntej no tau ua rau cov bloggers nco qab txhua qhov kev poob ntawm Russia nyob rau 20 xyoo dhau los. Ib daim ntawv teev tag nrho ntawm cov neeg uas muaj lub npe sarcastic "Kev Ua tiav" tau nthuav tawm los ntawm blogger Veronika Maruseva:

• Cog "Moskvich" (AZLK) (yug 1930 - tua hauv 2010)
• Hoobkas "Liab Proletarian" (yug 1857 - tua nyob rau hauv 2010)
• Izhevsk Motorcycle Plant (yug 1928 - tua hauv 2009)
• Irbit Motorcycle Plant ("Ural") (yug xyoo 1941 - tam sim no nyob rau hauv coma tom qab raug mob)
• Pavlovsk Tool Factory (yug 1820 - tua hauv 2011)
• Lipetsk Tsheb laij teb cog (yug 1943 - tua hauv 2009)
• Altai Tractor Plant (Rubtsovsk) (yug 1942 - tua hauv 2010)
• Shipyard "Avangard" (Petrozavodsk) (yug 1939 - tua hauv 2010)
• Shipyard OJSC "HC Dalzavod" (Vladivostok) (yug 1895 - tua hauv 2009)
• Xov tooj cua cog PO "Vega" (Berdsk, Novosibirsk cheeb tsam) (yug 1946 - tua 1999)
• Saratov Aviation Plant (yug 1931 - tua hauv 2010)
• Omsk Transport Engineering Plant (yug 1896 - tua hauv 2009)
• Chelyabinsk saib Hoobkas "Molniya" (yug 1947 - tua nyob rau hauv 2009)
• Uglich watch Hoobkas "Chaika" (yug 1938 - tua hauv 2009)
• Ob Moscow Saib Hoobkas "Slava" (yug 1924 - tua 2006)
• Chistopol watch Hoobkas "Vostok" (yug 1941 - tua nyob rau hauv 2010)
• Moscow Machine-Tool Plant. Sergo Ordzhonikidze (yug 1932 - tua 2007)
• Cog "Stankomash" (Chelyabinsk) (yug 1935 - tua nyob rau hauv 2009)
• Ryazan Machine-Tool Plant (yug 1949 - tua hauv 2008)
• Kronstadt Marine Plant (yug 1858 - tua 2005)
• Kuzbasselement cog (yug 1942 - tua hauv 2008)
• Irkutsk Radio Receiver Plant (yug 1945 - tua hauv 2007)
• Precision casting cog "Tsentrolit" (Lipetsk) (yug 1963 - tua hauv 2009)
• Tomsk Instrument Plant (yug 1961 - tua 2007)
• Cog "Sivinit" (Krasnoyarsk) (yug 1970 - tua nyob rau hauv 2004)
• Krasnoyarsk TV Plant (yug 1952 - tua 2003)
• Factory "Dynamo" (Moscow) (yug 1897 - tua hauv 2009)
• Oryol tsob nroj ntawm kev tswj computers npe tom qab K. N. Rudneva (yug 1968 - tua 2006)
• Orenburg hardware cog (yug 1943 - tua hauv 2009)
• Khabarovsk cog "EVGO" (yug 2000 - tua nyob rau hauv 2009)
• Ulyanovsk xov tooj cua raj cog (yug 1959 - tua 2003)
• Sibelektrostal cog (Krasnoyarsk) (yug xyoo 1952 - tua hauv 2008)
• Orenburg Hoobkas ntawm silk fabrics "Orenburg textile" (yug 1972 - tua 2004)
• Barysh Hoobkas muaj npe tom qab Gladysheva (Ulyanovsk cheeb tsam) (yug 1825 - tua 2005)
• Flax koom nrog lawv. I. D. Zvorykina (Kostroma) (yug 1939 - tua 2011)
• Far Eastern Radio Plant (Komsomolsk-on-Amur) (yug 1993 - tua hauv 2009)
• Velozavod (Yoshkar-Ola) (yug 1950 - tua hauv 2006)
• Velozavod (Nizhny Novgorod) (yug 1940 - tua hauv 2007)
• Perm Bicycle Plant (yug 1939 - tua 2006)
• Baltic Shipyard (yug 1856 - tua 2011)
• Sibtyazhmash cog (Krasnoyarsk) (yug 1941 - tua nyob rau hauv 2011)
• Cog "Khimprom" (Volgograd) (yug 1931 - tua nyob rau hauv 2010)
• Irkutsk Cardan Shaft Plant (yug 1974 - tua 2004)
• Izhmash cog (Izhevsk) (yug 1807 - tua nyob rau hauv 2012) …

… thiab txog 78 txhiab cov nroj tsuag thiab cov chaw tsim khoom.

Dab tsi tshwm sim rau qhov chaw nyob rau xyoo no:

• Thaum Lub Peb Hlis 2001, Mir chaw nres tsheb tau raug dej nyab.
• Thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2010, peb lub Glonass satellites tsis tau tso rau hauv lub voj voog ib zaug thiab poob rau hauv dej hiav txwv. ("Glonass" yog kev txhim kho ntawm USSR).
• Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 2011, Geo-IK-2 tub rog geodetic spacecraft tsis tau kov.
• Thaum Lub Yim Hli 2011, Express-AM4 kev sib txuas lus apparatus thiab Progress cargo nkoj poob lawm.
• Thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis 2011, qhov ua tsis tiav nrog Phobos-Grunt.
• Thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2011, Meridian satellite tau ploj lawm.
• Thaum Lub Yim Hli 2012, qhov tsis ua tiav nrog ob lub xov tooj sib txuas lus "Express-MD2" thiab Telkom 3.

Tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws yog 1, 17 lab tus tib neeg (nws tau txo 5 zaug hauv 20 xyoo). Muaj ntau tshaj 5 lab cov neeg poob hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws (lawv tsis suav, vim lawv muaj chaw ua hauj lwm).

20 xyoo dhau los, Russia suav txog 48 txhiab tus neeg ua liaj ua teb loj. Niaj hnub no lawv tus lej tau poob tsib npaug, 30% ntawm lawv tsis muaj txiaj ntsig. Lub teb chaws rov qab mus rau kev tsim khoom me me thiab kev ua liaj ua teb nrog kev ua haujlwm ntau dua.

Niaj hnub no ntau tshaj li 50% ntawm cov tsiaj txhu thiab 90% ntawm cov zaub yog tsim nyob rau hauv private farmsteads. Manual zog hloov tshuab. Hais txog kev ua haujlwm tsim khoom, lub teb chaws yog 8 lub sij hawm lagging qab EU qib.

Cov khoom lag luam loj hlob los ntawm tus neeg lag luam ntiag tug yog yuav los ntawm pittance los ntawm diasporas ntawm cov tswv lag luam. Tsis muaj cov neeg siv khoom siv tau ntev.

15600 pawg, 4300 tsev qiv ntawv, 22000 kindergartens, 14000 tsev kawm ntawv raug kaw. 20 txhiab lub zos tau ploj mus, 47 txhiab lub zos tseem nyob, nyob rau hauv ntau ntawm cov uas muaj ob peb cov neeg laus uas nyob rau hauv lawv lub sij hawm eke tawm ib tug neeg thov khawv nyob.

Nyob rau hauv 1990, lub USSR tsim 214 txhiab tsheb laij teb thiab 65 txhiab ua ke. Tam sim no nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab Federation - 8 thiab 7 txhiab, feem. Ntawm 21 lab tus nyuj (nyob rau hauv RSFSR), tsawg dua 7 lab tus neeg tseem nyob. Nyob rau xyoo ntawm kev hloov kho, qhov ntim ntawm kev ua liaj ua teb tau txo qis los ntawm yuav luag 2 zaug.

Lub teb chaws tau poob kev ywj pheej ntawm zaub mov thiab niaj hnub no yuav luag 50% ntawm cov khoom noj. Agricultural engineering yog nyob rau hauv ib qho kev puas tsuaj. Tag nrho cov txheej txheem ua liaj ua teb ntawm USSR tau ploj mus, suav nrog 27,000 kev ua liaj ua teb thiab 23,000 lub xeev ua liaj ua teb muab cov tshuab ua liaj ua teb thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm tsim nyog.

Tom qab de-collectivization, qhov xwm txheej hauv lub zos tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb - tsis muaj neeg, tsis muaj haujlwm, tsis muaj khoom siv. Cov av, uas tau cog rau ntau pua xyoo, twb tau overgrown nrog me me hav zoov los ntawm 35% hauv 20 xyoo.