Lub dav hlau tsheb ciav hlau ntawm lub USSR: ib tug txuj ci masterpiece ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Nyob rau hauv lub USSR, lawv nyiam thwmsim thiab sim coj txawv txawv, uas tsis yog-standard kev daws teeb meem rau lub neej, yog hais tias tsis tag, ces tsawg kawg yog ib feem. Cov engineers yeej tsis tso tseg rau amaze cov neeg. Tau kawg, yeej ib txwm muaj cov kws tshaj lij tsim qauv hauv tsev thiab cov neeg uas muaj kev xav tawm ntawm lub thawv. Cov qub tau ua haujlwm los tsim cov txheej txheem muaj txiaj ntsig tab sis ntau yam. Cov tom kawg tau muab cov haujlwm ua siab tawv thiab lub sijhawm los ua haujlwm ntawm cov txuj ci kev txawj ntse yav tom ntej.

Ib txoj haujlwm zoo heev yog tsim thiab tsim lub tsheb ciav hlau nruab nrog lub dav hlau dav hlau, ua raws li nws qhov kev sim. Qhov no yog yuav ua li cas lub dav hlau-powered tsheb ciav hlau tshwm sim, muaj peev xwm muab cov neeg nrog ceev ceev zog siv thauj hauv av.

1. Pib ntawm keeb kwm thiab tshuaj xyuas lub tsheb ciav hlau ceev kom muaj kev nyab xeeb

Nyob rau hauv lub seventies, nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam, cov pej xeem ntawm lub Soviet Union muaj ib tug xav tau kom ceev ceev txav ntawm cov chaw nyob, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv megacities. Raws li qhov xav tau tshwm sim los tsim cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb, uas ua rau kev pib ntawm kev sim nrog kev tsim kho thiab tso tawm cov tsheb ciav hlau ceev.

Txoj haujlwm tau muab rau cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm Kalinin (hnub no Tver) Carriage Works. Nws nyob ntawm no tias cov khoom tsim nyog rau cov qauv raug xa tuaj. Los ntawm txoj kev, lub tsheb thauj neeg raug coj los ntawm tus qauv tsheb ciav hlau.

Ua ntej pib ua haujlwm, cov neeg tsim khoom yuav tsum nkag siab txog qhov kev thauj khoom ntawm cov ntsia hlau thiab cov khoom sib xyaw ua tau thaum lub tsheb ciav hlau txav ntawm qhov ceev ntawm ntau tshaj 160 kilometers ib teev. Yog li ntawd, engineers txiav txim siab los tsim ib tug SVL - ib tug high-ceev kuaj tsheb. Nws cov thawj coj yog American tsheb ciav hlau M-497 nrog lub npe nrov "Black Beetle". Nws tau tshaj tawm ob peb xyoos dhau los, hauv xyoo 66th.

Nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si American thiab Soviet versions, aircraft cav tau nruab rau pem hauv ntej ntawm lub tsheb. Peb cov neeg tsim qauv coj lub cav los ntawm Yak-40. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias cov log yog cuam tshuam los ntawm ntau yam quab yuam, ib tug ntawm cov uas yog lub cev muaj zog kev cob cog rua rau lawv thiab distorting cov kev ntsuas tau nqa tawm.

Hais txog lub dav hlau thrust, nws tso cai rau cov engineers kom tau txais cov ntaub ntawv tseeb txog kev ruaj ntseg thiab kev sib txhuam. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias lub zog ntawm lub log yog nqa tawm tsis yog vim lub tsav, tab sis raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm lub laub.

Lub hauv paus rau SVL yog lub tsheb ua haujlwm ER22, uas tau hloov kho me ntsis nrog kev ncaj ncees thiab lub ru tsev tshwj xeeb kub-resistant. Txwv tsis pub, sab sauv ntawm lub tsheb tuaj yeem tsuas hlawv tawm thaum lub cav khiav tawm ntawm nws cov pa.

Ib lub dav hlau tswj vaj huam sib luag tau nruab rau hauv lub cockpit, siv los ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob diesel. Lub tsheb tau teeb tsa hauv kev txav nrog roj av, cov khoom siv tau mus txog 7.2 tons.

2. Lub tsheb ciav hlau tuaj yeem ua kom ceev ceev ntawm cov tsheb ciav hlau niaj hnub high-speed, tab sis tom qab tsib xyoos nws nres

Thawj qhov kev sim ntawm lub dav hlau Soviet thauj hauv av tau ua tiav xyoo 1971. Tom qab ntawd lub tsheb muaj peev xwm ua kom ceev mus rau 187 km / h. Tab sis ib xyoos tom qab, cov neeg sim tau txais cov ntaub ntawv ceev ntsuas - 249 km / h. Cov niaj hnub Sapsan tab tom txav ntawm qhov nrawm zoo sib xws ntawm Moscow - St. Petersburg kab.

Tom qab physicists theoretically tshawb nrhiav qhov hu ua kev nyab xeeb ceev, thaum lub undercarriage (bogies) yuav nyob ruaj khov tshaj plaws. Lawv nres ntawm 160 kilometers ib teev. Kev sim tau txuas ntxiv mus rau peb lub xyoos tom ntej. Lub sijhawm no, cov kws tsim qauv tsim tau txais tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv lawv xav tau, uas txhais tau hais tias tsis muaj qhov taw tes rau kev sim ntxiv.

Cov ntaub ntawv tau txais yuav raug siv los tsim thawj lub tsheb ciav hlau siab ceev Soviet hu ua "Lavxias Troika". Tom qab ua tiav cov kev ntsuam xyuas tsim nyog, lub xeev cov thawj coj tau pauv tag nrho cov kev txhim kho hauv kev pom zoo ntawm ER 200 (Czechoslovak qauv), thiab qhov project no tau khov los ntawm 80 xyoo.

Cov European version, tsim ntawm Riga cog nrog kev hloov kho, caij nkoj hla kev nthuav dav ntawm Russia mus txog rau xyoo 2009, thiab tom qab ntawd nws tau hloov los ntawm Siemens qauv "Sapsan".

3. Peb caug-xyoo-laus yooj yim kuaj nrog hloov mus rau hauv ib lub monument

SVL pom tsis muaj daim ntawv thov tom qab qhov kawg ntawm qhov kev sim. Rau kaum xyoo tom ntej no, lub carriage tseem nyob ntawm cov nroj tsuag uas nws tau tsim. Raws li qee cov lus ceeb toom, xyoo 1986 lawv xav hloov nws rau lub tsev noj mov, tab sis lub tswv yim tsis tau siv.

Lub sijhawm dhau mus, SVL tau tawm mus. Nws cov log tsis zoo rau lub xeev uas lawv tsis tuaj yeem hla mus rau Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Railway Technology hauv xyoo 2000s. Tab sis tus qauv no kuj tsis ploj mus yam tsis muaj ib txoj lw. Rau lub 110th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm cov nroj tsuag nyob rau hauv 2008, ib tug commemorative stele tau ua los ntawm tus ncej ntawm lub tsheb no. Rau qhov no, lub qhov ntswg rov qab nrog cov tshuab dav hlau tau siv.

Qhov zoo li vwm kev paub ntawm Soviet tsim engineers los ua ib qho tseem ceeb heev. Thiab nws cov txiaj ntsig rau peb caug xyoo tom ntej tau tsim lub hauv paus rau kev tsim cov tsheb ciav hlau ceev.