Me ntsis-paub qhov tseeb los ntawm lub neej ntawm Pushkin

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

1. Pushkin nco txog nws tus kheej txij li 4 xyoos. Nws tham ob peb zaug hais txog yuav ua li cas ib zaug thaum nws taug kev nws pom tias lub ntiaj teb swayed thiab cov kab txaij tshee, thiab av qeeg zaum kawg hauv Moscow tau sau tseg hauv xyoo 1803. Thiab, los ntawm txoj kev, nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, thawj lub rooj sib tham ntawm Pushkin nrog huab tais coj qhov chaw - me ntsis Sasha yuav luag poob nyob rau hauv lub hooves ntawm tus nees ntawm Alexander kuv, uas kuj mus taug kev. Ua Vajtswv tsaug, Alexander tswj tuav tus nees, tus me nyuam tsis raug mob, thiab tib tug uas tau ntshai nyob rau hauv mob siab rau yog tus nais maum.

2. Thaum lub tsev ntawm cov niam txiv ntawm Alexander Pushkin tau mus xyuas los ntawm Lavxias teb sab kws sau ntawv Ivan Dmitriev. Alexander tseem yog menyuam yaus, thiab yog li ntawd Dmitriev txiav txim siab los ua ib qho kev ua kom yuam kev ntawm tus tub hluas thiab hais tias: "Arab dab tsi!" Tab sis Hannibal tus tub xeeb ntxwv kaum-xyoo tsis tau poob siab thiab muab lus teb tam sim ntawd: "Tab sis tsis yog hazel grouse!" Cov neeg laus tam sim no xav tsis thoob thiab txaj muag heev, vim hais tias lub ntsej muag ntawm tus kws sau ntawv Dmitriev yog dab tuag pockmarked!

3. Ib zaug ib tug ntawm Pushkin cov neeg paub, tub ceev xwm Kondyba, nug tus kws sau paj huam yog hais tias nws tuaj yeem tuaj nrog cov lus sib dhos rau cov lus mob qog noj ntshav thiab ntses. Pushkin teb tias: "Fool Kondyba!" Tus tub ceev xwm tau txaj muag thiab tau hais kom sau cov lus sib dhos rau kev sib xyaw ntawm ntses thiab mob qog noj ntshav. Pushkin tsis poob txawm nyob ntawm no: "Kondyba yog ib tug neeg ruam."

4. Thaum nws tseem yog ib tug chamber junker, Pushkin tshwm sim muaj ib hnub nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm ib tug high-ranked tus neeg uas pw ntawm lub rooj zaum thiab yawning nrog dhuav. Thaum tus kws sau paj huam hluas tshwm sim, tus neeg siab tawv tsis txawm xav hloov nws txoj haujlwm. Pushkin muab txhua yam rau tus tswv tsev uas nws xav tau thiab xav tawm mus, tab sis raug yuam kom hais ib qho instant.

Pushkin nyem tawm los ntawm cov hniav clenched: "Cov me nyuam nyob rau hauv pem teb - ntse ntawm lub rooj zaum." Tus neeg poob siab impromptu: "Zoo, dab tsi yog witty - cov menyuam yaus hauv pem teb, ntse ntawm lub rooj zaum? Kuv tsis tuaj yeem nkag siab … Kuv xav tau ntau dua los ntawm koj. " Pushkin nyob ntsiag to, thiab ib tug neeg siab tshaj, rov hais dua cov kab lus thiab txav lub suab, thaum kawg tuaj mus rau qhov tshwm sim: "Tus me nyuam yog ib nrab-witted ntawm lub rooj zaum." Tom qab qhov kev nkag siab ntawm impromptu mus txog tus tswv, Pushkin tau tam sim ntawd thiab indignantly pov tawm ntawm lub qhov rooj.

5. Thaum lub sij hawm mus ntsib nws tus poj niam yav tom ntej Natalya Pushkin qhia nws cov phooj ywg ntau txog nws thiab feem ntau hais tias:

"Kuv zoo siab, kuv fascinated, Hauv luv luv - Kuv raug rho tawm haujlwm!"

6. Thiab qhov xwm txheej lom zem no, uas tau tshwm sim rau Pushkin thaum nws nyob hauv Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum, qhia tau hais tias tus kws sau ntawv hluas muaj peev xwm npaum li cas. Thaum nws txiav txim siab khiav tawm ntawm lyceum mus rau Petersburg taug kev. Kuv mus rau tus tswv xeev Trico, tab sis nws tsis cia nws nyob hauv, thiab txawm ntshai tias nws yuav saib Alexander. Tab sis kev yos hav zoov yog qhov phem tshaj kev ua qhev - thiab Pushkin, ua ke nrog Kuchelbecker, khiav mus rau St. Trico ua raws.

Alexander tsav tsheb mus rau qhov chaw tshaj tawm ua ntej. Nws raug nug nws lub xeem, thiab nws teb tias: "Alexander Txawm li cas los!" Lub zastavny sau lub xeem thiab cia nws dhau mus. Kuchelbecker tsav tsheb mus tom ntej. Thaum nug nws lub npe hu li cas, nws hais tias: "Grigory Dvako!" Lub zastavny sau lub npe thiab co nws lub taub hau doubtfully. Thaum kawg, tus kws qhia ntawv tuaj txog. Lo lus nug yog: "Koj lub npe yog dab tsi?" Teb: "Tricot!" "Koj dag,"zastavny qw, "muaj ib yam dab tsi phem ntawm no! Ib tug los ntawm ib tug - Ib, Ob, peb! Koj ruam dhau lawm os tijlaug, koj mus rau tom chaw zov me nyuam!” Trico siv tag nrho ib hnub nyob rau hauv raug ntes ntawm lub outpost, thaum Pushkin thiab nws tus phooj ywg calmly taug kev nyob ib ncig ntawm lub nroog.

7. Me Pushkin siv nws thaum yau hauv Moscow. Nws thawj tus kws qhia ntawv yog Fab Kis tus thawj tswj hwm. Thiab rau lub caij ntuj sov, nws feem ntau mus rau nws pog, Maria Alekseevna, nyob rau hauv lub zos ntawm Zakharovo ze Moscow. Thaum nws muaj 12 xyoos, Pushkin nkag mus rau Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum, lub tsev kawm ntawv kaw nrog 30 tus tub ntxhais kawm. Nyob rau Lyceum, Pushkin tau kawm paj huam, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog Fabkis, uas nws lub npe menyuam yaus "Fabkis".

8. Pushkin tau mus rau Lyceum, raws li lawv hais, los ntawm rub. Lub Lyceum tau tsim los ntawm Minister Speransky nws tus kheej, kev tso npe me me - tsuas yog 30 tus neeg, tab sis Pushkin muaj ib tug txiv ntxawm - tus kws sau paj huam Vasily Lvovich Pushkin, tus kheej paub Speransky.

9. Lub Lyceum luam tawm ib phau ntawv sau tes "Lyceum sage". Pushkin sau paj huam nyob rau ntawd. Ib zaug nws sau tias: "Wilhelm, nyeem koj cov paj huam kom kuv tsaug zog sai li sai tau." Ua txhaum, Kuchelbecker khiav mus poob rau hauv lub pas dej. Lawv tswj kom cawm tau nws. Tsis ntev, ib tug tas luav tau kos rau hauv "Wise of the Lyceum": Kuchelbecker tab tom poob dej, thiab nws lub qhov ntswg ntev tawm ntawm lub pas dej.

10. Xyoo 1817 thawj qhov kev kawm tiav ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm lyceum tau tshwm sim. Tau dhau 15 qhov kev xeem nyob rau kaum xya hnub hauv lub Tsib Hlis, suav nrog Latin, Lavxias, German thiab Fabkis cov ntawv nyeem, keeb kwm dav dav, txoj cai lij choj, lej, physics, thaj chaw, Pushkin thiab nws cov phooj ywg tau txais lawv daim ntawv pov thawj Lyceum. Tus kws sau paj huam yog 26th hauv kev kawm (tawm ntawm 29 tus neeg kawm tiav), qhia tsuas yog "kev vam meej zoo hauv Lavxias thiab Fab Kis cov ntaub ntawv, nrog rau hauv laj kab."

11. Nws paub tias Pushkin hlub heev. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 14 xyoos, nws pib mus xyuas tsev kho mob. Thiab, twb tau sib yuav, nws txuas ntxiv mus xyuas "cov ntxhais gay", thiab kuj tau sib yuav poj niam.

12. Nws yog qhov xav paub heev los nyeem tsis yog cov npe ntawm nws txoj kev yeej, tab sis kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov neeg sib txawv txog nws. Nws tus tij laug, piv txwv li, hais tias Pushkin yog phem nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej, me me nyob rau hauv stature, tab sis rau ib co yog vim li cas cov poj niam nyiam nws. Qhov no tau lees paub los ntawm ib tsab ntawv zoo siab los ntawm Vera Alexandrovna Nashchokina, uas Pushkin kuj tau hlub: "Pushkin yog cov plaub hau xim av nrog cov plaub hau curly, xiav ob lub qhov muag thiab txawv tshaj plaw." Txawm li cas los xij, tib tus tij laug ntawm Pushkin tau lees paub tias thaum Pushkin xav txog ib tug neeg, nws tau ntxias heev. Ntawm qhov tod tes, thaum Pushkin tsis txaus siab, nws txoj kev sib tham yog sluggish, tho txawv thiab yooj yim unbearable.

13. Pushkin yog ib tug neeg txawj ntse, tab sis nws tsis zoo nraug, thiab nyob rau hauv no hwm nws contrasting nws tus poj niam zoo nkauj Natalia Goncharova, uas, nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, yog 10 cm siab dua nws. Vim li no, thaum mus koom cov khoom, Pushkin sim nyob deb ntawm nws tus poj niam: kom cov neeg nyob ib puag ncig nws yuav tsis pom qhov tsis zoo rau nws.

14. Popov, ib tug tub ceev xwm ntawm lub tuam tsev III, tau sau txog Pushkin: "Nws nyob rau hauv lub siab ntawm lo lus me nyuam, thiab, zoo li ib tug me nyuam, nws tsis ntshai leej twg." Txawm hais tias nws tus yeeb ncuab sau ntawv, tsis muaj npe nrov Thaddeus Bulgarin, npog nrog Pushkin's epigrams, tau sau txog nws: "Kev coj ncaj ncees hauv nws cov kev txiav txim siab, kev sib raug zoo hauv zej zog thiab tus menyuam nyiam nws."

15. Pushkin lub luag ua rau tib lub tswv yim zoo li nws cov paj huam. Tus kws kos duab Karl Bryullov tau hais txog nws: "Yuav ua li cas muaj hmoo Pushkin! Nws luag heev tias nws zoo li lub siab pom." Thiab qhov tseeb, Pushkin tag nrho nws lub neej tau sib cav hais tias txhua yam uas ua rau luag yog tso cai thiab noj qab nyob zoo, thiab txhua yam uas ua rau muaj kev mob siab rau yog kev ua txhaum cai thiab tsis zoo.

16. Pushkin muaj nuj nqis twv txiaj, thiab qhov hnyav heev. Muaj tseeb, nws yuav luag ib txwm pom txhais tau tias los npog lawv, tab sis thaum muaj qee qhov qeeb, nws tau sau cov ntawv phem rau nws cov neeg qiv nyiaj thiab kos cov duab ntawm lawv hauv phau ntawv sau. Ib daim ntawv zoo li no tau pom, thiab muaj kev thuam loj heev.

17. Emperor Nikolai Pavlovich qhia Pushkin tawm ntawm daim npav kev ua si, hais tias;

- Nws spoils koj!

- Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, Koj Majesty, - teb tus kws sau paj huam, - daim npav cawm kuv ntawm kev nyuaj siab.

- Tab sis li cas yog koj paj huam?

- Nws ua hauj lwm pab kuv raws li ib tug txhais tau tias kom them kuv cov nuj nqis twv txiaj. Koj tus huab tais.

Thiab qhov tseeb, thaum Pushkin tau ris lub nra nrog kev twv txiaj, nws zaum ntawm nws lub rooj thiab ua haujlwm rau lawv ib hmos hauv ib hmo. Yog li, piv txwv li, nws tau sau "Count Nulin".

18. Thaum nyob hauv Yekaterinoslav, Pushkin raug caw mus rau ib lub pob. Hmo ntawd nws muaj kev poob siab tshwj xeeb. xob laim tso dag ya tawm ntawm nws daim di ncauj; Cov poj niam thiab cov ntxhais nkauj xwb vied nrog ib leeg mus ntes nws mloog. Ob tug tub ceev xwm, ob tug mlom tsis ntev los no ntawm Yekaterinoslav cov poj niam, tsis paub Pushkin thiab xav txog nws qee yam, tej zaum, tus kws qhia ntawv, txiav txim siab, ntawm txhua tus nqi, kom "tsis meej" nws. Lawv tuaj txog rau Pushkin thiab, nyo hau lawv lub taub hau nyob rau hauv txoj kev tsis sib xws, chaw nyob:

- Mille zam txim … Tsis muaj lub meej mom paub koj, tab sis pom koj ua tus neeg kawm ntawv, peb cia peb tus kheej tig los rau koj kom paub meej me ntsis. Koj puas yuav ua siab zoo qhia peb yuav ua li cas: "Hav txiv neej, nqa ib khob dej rau kuv!" los yog "Hav txiv neej, nqa ib khob dej!"

Pushkin vividly nkag siab txog lub siab xav ua kev lom zem ntawm nws thiab, tsis yog qhov txaj muag, teb tiag:

- Kuv xav tias koj tuaj yeem muab nws bluntly: "Hav, txiv neej, tsav peb mus rau lub qhov dej."

19. Nyob rau hauv ib lub voj voog ntawm kev sau ntawv, qhov twg ntau cov yeeb ncuab thiab cov phooj ywg tsawg dua ntawm Pushkin sib sau ua ke, qhov twg nws tus kheej qee zaum poob rau hauv, ib tug ntawm cov tswv cuab ntawm lub voj voog no tau sau ntawv thuam rau tus kws sau paj huam, hauv nqe lus, nyob rau hauv lub npe "Xov Xwm rau tus kws sau paj huam". Pushkin tau xav txog yav tsaus ntuj, thiab nws tuaj txog lig li niaj zaus. Tag nrho cov tam sim no, ntawm chav kawm, nyob rau hauv ib tug agitated lub xeev, thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tus sau ntawm "Xov", uas tsis xav tias Alexander Sergeevich twb tau ceeb toom txog nws dag. Cov ntawv nyeem ntawm yav tsaus ntuj pib nrog kev nyeem ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb "Xov Xwm", thiab nws tus kws sau ntawv, sawv hauv nruab nrab ntawm chav tsev, nrov nrov:

- "Cov lus rau tus kws sau paj lug"! - Tom qab ntawd, tig mus rau sab uas Pushkin zaum, nws pib:

- Kuv muab tus kws sau paj lug ib tug nees luav lub taub hau …

Pushkin cuam tshuam nws sai sai, tig mus rau ntau tus neeg tuaj saib:

- Thiab nws yuav nyob nrog tus twg?

Tus sau tsis meej pem:

- Thiab kuv yuav nyob nrog kuv.

Pushkin:

- Yog, koj nyuam qhuav muab nws.

General tsis meej pem tshwm sim. Tus sau swb swb lawm.

20. Raws li kev suav ntawm Pushkinists, kev sib tsoo nrog Dantes yog tsawg kawg yog nees nkaum thawj kev sib tw rau kev sib tw hauv cov kws sau paj huam biography. Nws pib kaum tsib duels, ntawm plaub qhov chaw, qhov seem tsis tshwm sim vim kev sib haum xeeb ntawm ob tog, feem ntau yog los ntawm kev siv zog ntawm Pushkin cov phooj ywg; Hauv rau qhov kev sib tw rau kev sib tw tsis yog los ntawm Pushkin, tab sis los ntawm nws cov neeg sib tw. Pushkin thawj duel coj qhov chaw ntawm Lyceum.

21. Nws paub tias Aleksandr Sergeevich nyiam nws tus phooj ywg lyceum Kuchelbecker, tab sis nws feem ntau npaj cov lus tso dag rau nws. Kuchelbecker feem ntau mus xyuas tus kws sau paj huam Zhukovsky, ua rau nws nrog nws cov paj huam. Ib zaug Zhukovsky raug caw mus noj hmo ua phooj ywg thiab tsis tuaj. Tom qab ntawd nws raug nug tias yog vim li cas nws tsis tau mus, tus kws sau paj lug teb tias: "Kuv tau chim kuv lub plab hnub ua ntej, ib yam li ntawd, Kuchelbecker tuaj, thiab kuv nyob hauv tsev … " Pushkin, hnov qhov no, sau ib tsab ntawv:

Kuv noj mov ntau dhau lawm

Yog lawm, Yakhauj kaw lub qhov rooj dig muag -

Yog li ntawd nws yog rau kuv, kuv cov phooj ywg, Thiab küchelbeckerno, thiab mob …

Kuchelbecker npau taws thiab thov kom muaj kev sib tw! Lub duel tau tshwm sim. Ob leeg raug rho tawm haujlwm. Tab sis rab yaj phom tau thauj khoom … nrog cranberries, thiab, ntawm chav kawm, kev sib ntaus tau xaus rau hauv kev thaj yeeb …

22. Dantes yog ib tug txheeb ze ntawm Pushkin. Thaum lub sij hawm ntawm lub duel, nws tau sib yuav rau tus muam ntawm Pushkin tus poj niam, Ekaterina Goncharova.

23. Ua ntej nws tuag, Pushkin, muab nws tej hauj lwm nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim, sib pauv sau ntawv nrog Emperor Nicholas I. Sau ntawv tau kis tau los ntawm ob tug neeg tseem ceeb: VA Zhukovsky - ib tug kws sau paj lug, nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm tus kws qhia ntawv ntawm tus txais los ntawm lub zwm txwv, yav tom ntej Emperor Alexander. II, thiab NF Arendt - tus kws kho mob-hauv-tus thawj coj ntawm Emperor Nicholas I, Pushkin tus kws kho mob.

Tus kws sau paj lug thov kev zam txim rau kev ua txhaum cai ntawm tsar txoj kev txwv ntawm duels: "… Kuv tos rau tsar lo lus kom tuag nyob kaj siab lug …"

Huab Tais Yes Xus hais tias: "Yog Tswv Ntuj tsis txib peb los sib pom hauv ntiaj teb no, kuv xa kuv txoj kev zam txim rau koj thiab kuv cov lus ntuas kawg kom tuag ib tug ntseeg. Tsis txhob txhawj txog koj tus poj niam thiab cov me nyuam, kuv coj lawv hauv kuv txhais tes." Nws ntseeg tau tias Zhukovsky tau sau ntawv no.

24. Ntawm cov me nyuam ntawm Pushkin, tsuas yog ob tug xeeb ntxwv - Alexander thiab Natalya. Tab sis tus kws sau paj lug cov xeeb ntxwv tam sim no nyob thoob plaws lub ntiaj teb no: hauv tebchaws Askiv, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, Belgium … Txog tsib caug nyob hauv Russia. Tatyana Ivanovna Lukash tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nthuav. Nws niam pog (Pushkin tus ntxhais xeeb ntxwv) tau sib yuav rau Gogol tus tub xeeb ntxwv. Tam sim no Tatiana nyob hauv Klin.