Crowns thiab crowns: dab tsi cov thawj coj ntawm Russia hnav

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Nyob rau hauv pre-Petrine Russia, autocrats tau crowned nrog tshwj xeeb crowns, lub nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm uas yog lub zoo-paub "Monomakh lub kaus mom".

Muaj lus dab neeg hais tias nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua XII lub Byzantine huab tais Constantine xa nws thiab lwm yam regalia ntawm ib tug golden platter rau lub Kiev Grand Duke Vladimir Monomakh, los ntawm uas, tom qab ntau tiam, lub crown tau dhau mus rau Moscow tsars. Muaj tseeb, muaj ib tug version uas lub kaus mom yog khoom plig ntawm Uzbek Khan rau Yuri Danilovich los yog Ivan Kalita, uas nws patronized.

Lub kaus mom tuaj yeem ua tau raws li lawv qhov kev txiav txim los ntawm oriental craftsmen. Nws tau raug tsim los uas thawj zaug tus tub xeeb ntxwv ntawm Ivan III, Dmitry, uas yeej tsis tau los ua ib tug huab tais, tau crowned nrog lub kaus mom ntawm Monomakh nyob rau hauv 1498. Thaum pib, Monomakh lub kaus mom tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog hlaws thiab kub pendants, tom qab ntawd nws tau muab txiav nrog cov plaub hau tsaus nti thiab crowned nrog kub engraved pommel nrog tus ntoo khaub lig.

Qhov siab ntawm lub kaus mom nrog tus ntoo khaub lig yog li 25 centimeters, nws txoj kab uas hla yog li 20 centimeters. 43 pob zeb zoo nkauj dai kom zoo nkauj kub: rubies, sapphires, emeralds, pearls.. Qhov hnyav ntawm lub kaus mom yog 993, 66 g. Feem ntau, Monomakh lub kaus mom tsis hnyav heev.

Spare headdress ntawm Lavxias teb sab huab tais (Kazan). Lub kaus mom tau tsim nyob ib ncig ntawm 1553 rau Ivan qhov txaus ntshai tam sim ntawd tom qab lub conquest thiab annexation ntawm lub Kazan Khanate mus rau Lavxias teb sab xeev thiab lub consolidation ntawm lub title ntawm lub Kazan Tsar.

Muaj ib tug version uas nws tau ua los ntawm cov jewelers ntawm conquered khanate. Kub, nyiaj, rubies, emeralds, pearls, pluab tau siv nyob rau hauv nws cov khoom. Lub kaus mom yog crowned nrog 90-carat daj sapphire. Los ntawm txoj kev, nyob rau hauv niaj hnub lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab ntawm Kazan, nws yog no headdress uas crowns lub thaiv.

Astrakhan lub kaus mom … Nws yog lub crown ntawm "Big outfits". Nws tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1627 tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau Tsar Mikhail Romanov. Lub kaus mom Astrakhan tau muaj npe nyob rau hauv kev hwm ntawm kev kov yeej ntawm Astrakhan Khanate.

Lub kaus mom yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog 177 pob zeb thiab pearls. Niaj hnub no lub crown yog crowned nrog lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab ntawm Astrakhan. Sapphires (azure yacht) - 24, emeralds - 37, rubies (wormy yacht) - 19, pob zeb diamond - 35, liab spinel (lal) - 9, pearls (gurmick grain) - 6

"HAT ALTABASNAYA" ("Siberian crown"). Ua nyob rau hauv 1684, rau Tsar Ivan Alekseevich, tom qab conquest thiab annexation ntawm Siberian Khanate rau Russia.

Lub pob zeb diamond crown ntawm Tsar Ivan V Alekseevich yog ib tug muaj nuj nqis crown, lub qub huab tais regalia, uas yog khaws cia nyob rau hauv lub Armory ntawm lub Moscow Kremlin. Qhov no yog ib qho ntawm ob lub crowns, uas tau ua nyob ib ncig ntawm 1687 los ntawm Lavxias teb sab craftsmen ntawm lub Armory rau lub loj Outfits ntawm cov kwv tij-co-rus. Lub crown no yog los ntawm Tsar Ivan V Alekseevich.

Txij li thaum xyoo 1682 ob tug huab tais, Ivan V thiab Peter I Alekseevich, tau nyob rau hauv lub zwm txwv ntawm Russia ib zaug, ob leeg tsars muaj lawv tus kheej "Loj Outfits", thiab complexes ntawm twb twb muaj lawm regalia twb muab faib ntawm lawv.

Txij li thaum nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no tus thawj Cap ntawm Monomakh mus rau tus hlob, Ivan V, ib tug crown tau sai sai ua rau lub coronation ntawm Peter kuv, uas ib feem reproduced tus thawj.

Txij li thaum muaj ntau lub pob zeb diamond crowns ("First Dress") tom qab tau tsim rau ob tus vajntxwv, lub kaus mom ua xyoo 1682 tau raug ntaus nqi rau "Second Dress", yog li nws lub npe.

crown ntawm Catherine I

Tiag tiag crowns, nyob rau hauv ib tug European txoj kev, tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm Peter kuv, thaum nyob rau hauv 1724, thawj lub crown tau tsim rau lub coronation ntawm tus huab tais tus poj niam, yav tom ntej Empress Catherine I.

Tom qab ntawd, lub kaus mom no tau hloov pauv ntau zaus raws li qhov xav tau ntawm cov huab tais tshiab thiab cov empresses, kom txog rau thaum xyoo 1762, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau lub coronation ntawm Catherine II, lub Great Imperial Crown tau ua nyob rau ntawd.

lub crown ntawm Anna Ioannovna

Crown ntawm Lavxias teb sab Empress Anna Ioannovna - Lub crown muaj nuj nqis ua nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg nyob rau hauv 1730-1731, presumably los ntawm tus tswv Gottlieb Wilhelm Dunkel. Kwv yees li ob thiab ib nrab txhiab pob zeb diamond, rubies thiab tourmalines, txawj xaiv nyob rau hauv loj, yog mounted nyob rau hauv lub silver thav duab ntawm lub crown.

Feem ntau ntawm lawv yav dhau los adorned lub crown ntawm Empress Catherine kuv, nrog rau ib tug tsaus liab tourmaline muab tso rau hauv ib tug pob zeb diamond ntoo khaub lig ntawm ib tug tsis tu ncua. Nws tau yuav nyob rau hauv 1676 los ntawm Suav bogdykhan los ntawm txoj cai ntawm Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich thiab tom qab ntawd dai kom zoo nkauj ntau lub crowns nyob rau hauv lem. Qhov hnyav ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb no yog ib puas grams.

Thiab tam sim no txog lub Crown ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws

Cov tswv tau muab ib qho xwm txheej uas lub headdress yuav tsum tsis txhob hnyav tshaj li ob kilograms. Pozier thiab Eckart tau ua tiav txoj haujlwm no, txij li qhov hnyav ntawm cov khoom tiav yog xyoo 1993, 8 grams.

Dua li ntawm qhov nyuaj ntawm cov khoom, lub crown ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws tau tsim nyob rau hauv ib tug luv luv lub sij hawm ntawm lub sij hawm - ob lub hlis. Interestingly, cov duab tau xaiv nyob rau hauv tus ntsuj plig ntawm oriental kab lig kev cai. Lub crown muaj ob lub hemispheres nyiaj, uas yuav tsum tau ua cim lub union ntawm East thiab West.

Cov ceg ntoo laurel nyob hauv qab yog lub cim ntawm lub yeeb koob, thaum cov ntoo qhib thiab cov txiv ntoo pom lub zog thiab lub zog ntawm lub zog. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm qhov loj, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg hais tias qhov siab ntawm lub crown yog 27.5 cm, thiab qhov ntev ntawm lub sab ib ncig ntawm lub crown yog 64 cm.

Cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub no tau muab tso rau ntau tshaj tsib txhiab lub pob zeb muaj nuj nqis … Ntawm lawv muaj 4936 txiav pob zeb diamond. Tag nrho qhov hnyav ntawm cov pob zeb diamond no yog 2858 carats. Ntxiv nrog rau cov pob zeb diamond, pearls kuj tau siv - txhawm rau txhawm rau hais txog qhov zoo nkauj ntawm pob zeb diamond lace, 75 loj matte pearls tau muab tso rau hauv ob kab.

Nyiaj thiab kub tau crushed los ntawm precious hlau los ua lub crown. Lub crown yog crowned nrog ib tug tsis tshua muaj lub pov haum - ib tug noble spinel, liab nyob rau hauv cov xim. Qhov hnyav ntawm pob zeb yog 398.72 carats.

Interestingly, tom qab Empress Catherine II, lub coronations ntawm Paul I, Alexander I, Nicholas kuv, Alexander II, Alexander III thiab Nicholas II tau ua los ntawm lub zoo crown ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws. Tau qhov twg los: © Fishki.net

Maltese crown

Nco ntsoov tias nws tau ua los ntawm Lavxias cov kws ua haujlwm ntawm cov lus txib ntawm Lavxias Emperor Paul I thaum nws tau txais lub npe ntawm Grand Master ntawm Kev Txiav Txim ntawm Malta, lossis raug coj los ntawm Hospitallers los ntawm Malta. Lub crown yog gilded silver crown. Yim arcs txhawb nqa lub txiv apple topped nrog dawb enamelled Maltese ntoo khaub lig.

Lub Me Imperial Crown ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws yog ib tug ntawm cov imperial regalia. Lub crown me me yog tsim los ntawm jeweler Zeftigen rau lub coronation ntawm Empress Maria Alexandrovna, tus poj niam ntawm Alexander II nyob rau hauv 1856.