Lub pob zeb ntawm pre-split Russia. Ntu 1

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Lub pob zeb ntawm pre-split Russia. Ntu 2

Muaj ib qho haujlwm nthuav los ntawm L. A. Belyaeva "White pob zeb tombstone ntawm Ferapontov Monastery" piav txog thawj cov khoom qub ntawm hom no pom nyob rau xyoo 1982. Txawm li cas los xij, kuv tsis tau tuaj hla cov ntaub ntawv yees duab dav dav, cia nyob ib leeg cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws txog cov khoom qub.

Kuv tab tom sim ua qhov sib txawv.

Nws yog hais txog tej pob zeb.

Ua tsaug rau qhov kev sib tham yees duab zoo nkauj ua los ntawm kuv tus tij laug Andrey, muaj lub sijhawm los txiav txim siab txhua yam no kom ntxaws thiab nthuav dav. Kuv twb tau sau qee qhov chaw uas kuv maj mam txo kuv tus kheej cov kev tshawb fawb keeb kwm tsom tshwj xeeb rau kev sau ntawv thiab lus, tab sis tej zaum qhov kev tshaj tawm yuav ua rau muaj kev xav tsis thoob lub siab ntawm lwm cov kws tshawb fawb thiab thaum kawg peb yuav muaj peev xwm tsawg kawg ib feem nkag siab tias Russia zoo li cas ua ntej. Schism, ua ntej kev hloov kho ntawm Patriarch Nikon, thiab raws li ib co versions ua ntej tam sim no, qhov tseeb kev cai raus dej ntawm Russia nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th thiab tsis nyob rau hauv lub mythical 10th.

Cov ncauj lus no tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau kuv vim nws yog ib lo lus nug ntawm kuv lub tebchaws me me. Ntawm cov ruins ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj no, raws li cov tub hluas, peb ua tsov ua rog thiab qhia ib leeg dab neeg txog cov hauj sam dub, cov ntawv hauv av thiab cov khoom muaj nqis, uas yog qhov tseeb tau muab zais rau hauv thaj av no thiab muab tso rau hauv cov phab ntsa.:)

Qhov tseeb, peb tsis nyob deb ntawm qhov tseeb, thaj av no yeej khaws cov khoom muaj nqis, tab sis muaj ntau yam sib txawv. Nyob rau hauv peb txhais ko taw muaj keeb kwm, tej zaum lawv xav mus nkaum, los yog tej zaum lawv puas tsuaj vim tsis xav lossis tsis muaj peev txheej. Leej twg paub.

Peb tuaj yeem hais li cas kom paub meej - ua ntej peb yog cov tawg (lus:)) ntawm keeb kwm tiag tiag ntawm Russia 16-17 (thiab raws li Belyaev txawm 14-17) centuries - tiag tiag artifacts yav dhau los.

Yog li cia peb mus.

Keeb kwm siv

Mozhaisky Luzhetsky Nativity ntawm Leej Niam ntawm Vajtswv Ferapontov Monastery - nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Mozhaisk, muaj nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 15th. Tsuas yog ib qho (sib nrug ntawm lub tuam tsev complex ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub qub Yakimansky monastery) ntawm 18 medieval monasteries nyob rau hauv Mozhaisk, uas tau muaj sia nyob rau hnub no.

Lub monastery tau tsim los ntawm St. Ferapont Belozersky, tus tub ntxhais kawm ntawm Sergius ntawm Radonezh ntawm qhov kev thov ntawm Tub Vaj Ntxwv Andrei Mozhaisky. Qhov no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv 1408, tom qab 11 xyoo los ntawm lub founding ntawm Belozersk Ferapontov Monastery los ntawm nws. Kev mob siab rau Luzhetsky monastery rau lub Nativity ntawm Blessed Virgin Mary yog txuam nrog kev txiav txim siab ntawm Ferapont nws tus kheej. Pom tau tias qhov Nativity ntawm Niam ntawm Vajtswv nyob ze rau nws tus ntsuj plig, txij li Belozersk Monastery kuj tau mob siab rau Christmas. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov hnub so no tshwj xeeb tshaj yog qhuas los ntawm Tub Vaj Ntxwv Andrew. Nws yog hnub so hauv 1380 uas nws txiv, Grand Duke ntawm Moscow Dmitry Ioanovich, tau tawm tsam ntawm Kulikovo teb. Raws li cov lus dab neeg, nyob rau hauv lub cim xeeb ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua, nws niam, Grand Duchess Evdokia, ua lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm lub Nativity ntawm lub Virgin nyob rau hauv Moscow Kremlin.

Thawj pob zeb tsev teev ntuj nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm lub Nativity ntawm lub Virgin sawv nyob rau hauv lub Luzhetsky monastery mus txog rau thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th, tom qab uas nws tau dismantled, thiab nyob rau hauv nws qhov chaw, nyob rau hauv 1524-1547, ib tug tshiab tsib-domed ib tug tsim, uas tau muaj sia nyob mus txog hnub no.

Thawj archimandrite ntawm Luzhetsk monastery, Monk Ferapont, muaj nyob cuaj caum-tsib xyoo, tuag nyob rau hauv 1426 thiab raug faus nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb phab ntsa ntawm lub cathedral. Nyob rau hauv 1547 nws twb canonized nyob rau hauv lub Lavxias teb sab Orthodox lub tsev teev ntuj. Tom qab ntawd, muaj ib lub tuam tsev los ua nws lub faus.

Lub tsev teev ntuj Luzhetsky muaj nyob rau xyoo 1929, thaum, raws li txoj cai ntawm Moscow Oblast Executive Committee thiab Moscow City Council, thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis 11, nws raug kaw. Lub tsev teev ntuj tau dim ntawm qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov relics ntawm tus tsim, kev puas tsuaj, kev puas tsuaj thiab kev puas tsuaj (nws sawv tsis muaj tswv nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-1980s). Nyob rau lub sijhawm ua ntej ua tsov ua rog, lub tsev teev ntuj tau muaj lub tsev kho mob thiab chaw ua haujlwm rau cov khoom siv kho mob. Nyob rau hauv lub monastery necropolis muaj Hoobkas garages nrog soj ntsuam pits, cia chav. Cov chav tsev sib tham tau teem caij rau hauv cov neeg zej zog, thiab cov tsev raug xa mus rau lub tsev noj mov thiab cov koom haum tub rog.

Wiki

Tom qab ntawd, ib lub tuam tsev tau ua rau nws faus …

Cov kab lus luv luv no los ntawm wiki ua ntej peb tag nrho zaj dab neeg.

Lub tuam tsev ntawm Monk Ferapont tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th i.e. tom qab Nikon txoj kev hloov kho.

Txhua yam yuav zoo, tab sis nws txoj kev tsim kho tau nrog kev sau loj thiab tso cov pob zeb los ntawm ib puag ncig toj ntxas mus rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm lub tuam tsev. Qhov kev coj ua no tsis nkag siab rau peb lub siab, tab sis qhov tseeb nws tau dav heev nyob rau hauv cov hnub qub thiab tau piav qhia los ntawm kev lag luam ntawm lub pob zeb tsis tshua muaj. Gravestones tsis tau tsuas yog nteg nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsev thiab phab ntsa, tab sis txawm paved lub monastery txoj kev nrog lawv. Kuv nrhiav tsis tau cov txuas tam sim no, tab sis koj tuaj yeem tshawb hauv net. Tej yam tseeb yeej muaj tseeb.

Peb txaus siab rau cov slabs lawv tus kheej, txawm hais tias lawv cov tsos ua rau peb xav tsis thoob tias nws tsuas yog vim kev txuag cov peev txheej uas lawv tau muab zais kom tob

Tab sis ua ntej, cia peb taw qhia peb tus kheej ntawm thaj av:).

Qhov no yog qhov tseeb tam sim no sab laug ntawm lub tuam tsev ntawm Monk Ferapont. Qhov no yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb uas cov neeg ua haujlwm ntog thaum tshem thaj chaw ntawm lub tuam tsev hauv xyoo 1999. Tus ntoo khaub lig tau tsa rau ntawm qhov chaw uas pom cov relics ntawm cov neeg dawb huv.

Tag nrho lub hauv paus yog ua los ntawm tombstones

Lub pob zeb ib txwm tsis nyob ntawd.

Raws li txoj kev, rau cov neeg txhawb nqa ntawm txoj kev xav ntawm kev puas tsuaj, zoo, ib qho thaum txhua yam tsaug zog:)

Ib feem ntawm lub Cathedral ntawm lub Nativity ntawm Blessed Virgin Mary (thawj ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th) qhov twg cov liab cib pom - yog kiag li underground. Ntxiv mus, nyob rau hauv lub xeev no, nws underwent tom qab reconstructions, raws li pov thawj los ntawm txoj hauj lwm ntawm lub rooj vag. Lub staircase ntawm lub ntsiab nkag mus rau lub tsev teev ntuj yog remake, rov qab los ntawm excavated fragments ntawm tus thawj.

Qhov siab ntawm masonry ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj, tso tawm hauv av, yog hais txog ob meters.

Nov yog lwm qhov kev pom ntawm lub hauv paus

Tab sis ua tau daim hlau lawv tus kheej

Feem ntau ntawm cov artifacts yog tsim raws li ib tug txoj cai thiab muaj ib tug qauv edging, ib rab diav rawg-zoo li tus ntoo khaub lig (tsawg kawg li nws yog feem ntau hu ua nyob rau hauv scientific cov ntaub ntawv) nyob rau hauv qis ib feem ntawm lub slab, thiab ib tug rosette nyob rau hauv lub Upper ib feem. Nyob rau ntawm ceg taw tes ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig thiab nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub rosette muaj ib tug puag ncig extension nrog lub hnub ci cim los yog ib tug ntoo khaub lig. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas cov cim hnub ci ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig thiab rosette yeej ib txwm zoo ib yam ntawm ib qho slab, tab sis txawv ntawm cov slabs sib txawv. Peb yuav kov cov cim no, tab sis tam sim no, lawv hom tsuas yog loj.

Ceg ntoo khaub lig

Qhov (sockets)

Curbs

Cov phaj yog nyias nyias, 10 centimeters, nruab nrab, txog 20 centimeters thiab tuab heev txog li ib nrab ib 'meter'. Medium-thickness slabs feem ntau muaj sab curbs zoo li no:

"… muaj inscriptions nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab" (c) ВСВ

Nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau ntseeg tias cov duab saum toj no hais txog Russia, thiab txawm tias Christian Russia. Peb pom kiag li tsis muaj tej yam tshwm sim ntawm cov kab lig kev cai uas peb accustomed. Tab sis raws li keeb kwm keeb kwm, Russia nyob rau lub sij hawm ntawd twb tau ua kev cai raus dej rau rau centuries.

Qhov kev xav tsis thoob yog qhov raug cai, tab sis muaj cov khoom cuav uas cuam tshuam kuv ntau dua.

Qee cov slabs muaj cov ntawv sau, feem ntau hauv Cyrillic, qee zaum ntawm kev ua tiav siab heev.

Piv txwv li, xws li.

"Lub caij ntuj sov ntawm 7177 Lub Kaum Ob Hlis, nyob rau hnub 7th, tus qhev ntawm Vajtswv, tus mlom, tus schema hauj sam Savatey [F] edorov, tus tub ntawm Poznyakov,"

Cov ntawv sau tseg tsis muaj qhov tsis ntseeg tias ib tug ntseeg Vajtswv raug faus.

Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, cov ntawv sau tau tsim los ntawm tus kws tshaj lij carver (lub ligature zoo heev) nyob rau sab ntawm lub pob zeb. Sab pem hauv ntej tseem tsis muaj inscriptions. Savatey tuag nyob rau hauv 1669 los ntawm r.kh.

Thiab ntawm no yog lwm qhov. Qhov no yog ib tug masterpiece ntawm cov neeg hlub. Nws yog lub phaj no uas tig kuv lub neej upside down:), nws yog nrog nws tias kuv yeej "tau mob" nrog Lavxias teb sab tsab ntawv raws li ib tug tshwj xeeb txoj kev sau ntawv, ob peb xyoos dhau los.

"Lub caij ntuj sov 7159 Lub Ib Hlis Ntuj hnub tim 5, tus tub qhe ntawm Vajtswv Tatiana Danilovna tuag hauv khw txawv teb chaws, lub tswv yim ntawm Taiseya"

Cov. Taisiya tuag nyob rau hauv 1651 AD.

Sab saum toj ntawm lub slab tau ploj lawm, yog li tsis muaj txoj hauv kev paub tias nws zoo li cas.

Los yog ntawm no yog ib qho piv txwv uas sab nrog cov ntawv sau tau muab tso rau hauv qhov sib koom ua ke ntawm cov blocks. Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom nyeem nws yam tsis tau rhuav tshem lub masonry, tab sis nws yog tseeb hais tias ib tug zoo tswv ua hauj lwm nyob rau ntawd thiab.

Cov lus nug tshwm sim los ntawm peb daim duab no.

ib. Koj tsis pom cov gravestones nplua nuj ntawm cov hauj sam coj txawv txawv? Schemniks, tau kawg, tau txais txiaj ntsig hauv Orthodoxy, tab sis nws puas txaus kom muaj qhov kev qhuas zaum kawg?

2. Cov hnub ntawm kev faus neeg ua rau ib tug tsis ntseeg lub version uas tsuas yog cov qub gravestones supposedly siv rau kev tsim kho (muaj xws li ib tug taw tes ntawm view). Cov slabs muab tau mus rau hauv lub hauv paus hluas heev, uas, los ntawm txoj kev, yog pov thawj los ntawm lawv kev nyab xeeb. Zoo li yog txiav nag hmo. Nws yog koj lub siab nyiam, tab sis nws txawv heev li cas nws kho cov faus tshiab thiab txawm tias cov kwv tij dawb huv.

Kuv tuaj yeem ceev faj xav tias … lawv tsis yog cov kwv tij lawv twb mus rau Nikonian reenactors, tab sis, raws li nws yog, cov neeg ntawm kev ntseeg sib txawv. Thiab nrog rau Lwm Haiv Neeg uas tau ncaim lawm nws muaj peev xwm tsis mus cerimonate, ces cov nyob tsis tau heev npaum li cas ntawm.

Ob peb ntxiv slabs nrog inscriptions ntawm txawv workmanship ua ntej peb ua tiav ib feem ntawm cov khoom.

Raws li tuaj yeem pom los ntawm cov piv txwv kawg, kev coj ua ntawm engraving epitaph ntawm cov qauv kab rov tav ntawm cov slab kuj tau tshwm sim. Thaj, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, inscription tau ua nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm pitchfork ntoo khaub lig thiab lub sab sauv rosette.

Ntawm no nws pom meej meej. Thiab ciam teb thiab rosette thiab tus ntoo khaub lig thiab inscription coexist heev organically.

Yog li peb muaj dab tsi?

Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th, tom qab ua tiav ntawm kev hloov kho ntawm Patriarch Nikon, lub tuam tsev ntawm St. Ferapont tau tsa rau thaj tsam ntawm Luzhetsky monastery. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov gravestones uas muaj nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm ntawd tau muab tso rau ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub tuam tsev. Cov. slabs ntawm ntau lub hnub nyoog yog khaws cia nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus rau peb puas xyoo. Rau peb puas xyoo, lub pre-Nikonian canon ntawm lub Orthodox lub ntxa tseem khaws cia. Qhov peb tuaj yeem pom tam sim no yog, qhov tseeb, lub xeev ntawm qhov zoo, hnav, thiab, tsis ncaj, lub hnub nyoog ntawm cov khoom qub thaum lub sijhawm lawv tso rau hauv lub hauv paus.

Pom tseeb, qhov tsawg hnav slabs hnub tim nyob ib ncig ntawm 1650-1670. Cov qauv uas nthuav tawm hauv ntu no feem ntau yog rau lub sijhawm no.

Tab sis! Tseem muaj cov laus slabs nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus thiab lawv kuj muaj inscriptions rau lawv.

Tab sis ntau ntxiv rau qhov ntawd hauv ntu tom ntej.

Lub pob zeb ntawm pre-split Russia. Ntu 2