Cov neeg Yudais suav tias yog kev qias neeg rau Tchaikovsky

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Tsis ntev los no, tus kws sau ntawv Lavxias zoo nkauj tsis tau tsuas yog raug liam ntawm kev ua txhaum loj, tab sis nws lub ntiaj teb kev coj noj coj ua tseem ceeb tau sim muab tso rau hauv cov lus hais.

Los ze zog mus rau qhov teeb meem, kuv yuav ua ib tug reservation tias tsuas muaj ob nqi - "tsis yog ib txwm kev sib deev orientation" thiab "kev tua tus kheej". Cia wb saib ob leeg.

Thawj qhov kev iab liam yog ua raws li cov ntawv teev npe ntawm Pyotr Ilyich thiab qee cov "cov ntawv".

Nrog rau daim ntawv teev npe, txhua yam yog yooj yim heev.

Thawj thawj zaug, raws li phau ntawv cais, nws cov ntawv sau cia tau luam tawm ua tsaug rau Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv Suab paj nruag hauv xyoo 1923 hauv Petrograd. Phau ntawv muaj qhov txuas mus rau peb phau ntawv memoirs ntawm tus kws sau ntawv tus tij laug, Modest Ilyich, luam tawm hauv Leipzig, hu ua Lub Neej ntawm P. I. Tchaikovsky, 1900-1902. Tsab ntawv no kuj suav nrog phau ntawv teev npe ntawm Pyotr Ilyich.

Hais txog cov ntawv sau cia uas suav nrog lub sijhawm txij lub Rau Hli 1873 txog Lub Tsib Hlis 1891, nws yooj yim rau nco ntsoov lawv qhov brevity thiab dryness.

Kev nkag teb chaws (Lub Plaub Hlis 6, 1886): “Rain. Kuv mus rau hauv nroog. Thawj zaug kuv tau mus rau lub Koom Txoos Armenian, ces mus rau Zion Cathedral. Nyob rau hauv thawj zaug kuv raug ntaus los ntawm cov xov xwm ntawm lub spectacle thiab lub dab tuag hu nkauj; zaum ob, kuv pom tus Exarch thiab hnov nws qhia. Kuv noj tshais hauv tsev nrog Vasily Vasilievich. Cov qhua. Nws mus rau nws chav. Kolya Peresleni, Karnovich. Kev mus ntsib los ntawm tag nrho lub tuam txhab mus rau Goncharovs. Rov qab los tsev, kuv taug kev nrog Panya thiab Kolya los ntawm qhov chaw. Pigkin. Puas tau nyeem…”

Lwm qhov nkag: “Cov chav kawm. Mikhailov yog ib tug singer. Noj tshais nrog Kolya. Kuv mus tau Bobin tus duab. Tsev. Nqa ib lub thawv ntawm Maly Theatre rau Alexei thiab S. … Concert. Symphony los ntawm Rimsky-Korsakov, Glazunov's overture, Shcherbachev cov khoom me me, thiab lwm yam. Los nag. Kuv nyob ntawm Palkin's. Cov tsos ntawm Glazunov, Dyutsh, thiab lwm yam. Kuv nrog lawv. Champagne. Mus tsev lig.”

Thiab nyob rau hauv tus ntsuj plig no tag nrho cov chaw muag mis nyuj. Tsis muaj kev txhawj xeeb, kev xav, cov ntsiab lus ntawm nws lub neej ntawm sab ntsuj plig. Tsis muaj ib txoj kab mob siab rau kev ua neej nyob hauv lawv.

Tom qab ntawv luam tawm ntawm Phau Ntawv Teev Npe (tshwj xeeb, 2000 tsab) muaj ib qho ntxiv uas tsis muaj nyob rau hauv 1923 kev tshaj tawm. Qhov no yog ib tsab xov xwm los ntawm ib tug phooj ywg ntawm tus kws sau ntawv, Nikolai Kashkin, Los ntawm cov memoirs ntawm P. Tchaikovsky”, sau nyob rau hauv 1918 thiab suav nrog hauv phau ntawv los ntawm qhov tsis paub.

Nyob rau hauv nws, Kashkin tham txog "ib qho tseem ceeb heev rov" nyob rau hauv Tchaikovsky lub neej, uas tau los ua "lub sij hawm ntawm ib tug ntse tig point nyob rau hauv nws cov kev kawm, tom qab uas ob lub neej nws tus kheej thiab cov hauj lwm ntawm Pyotr Ilyich coj ib tug tshiab kev kawm. Qhov no rov yog kev sib yuav ntawm Pyotr Ilyich rau Antonina Ivanovna Milyukova.

Tsuas yog tom qab nws txoj kev sib yuav tau ua qhov kev cia siab tsis txaus ntseeg nteg nyob rau hauv nws lub ntsej muag, uas tom qab ntawd tso nws tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm tshwj xeeb ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab uas muaj zog heev lossis hauv lub sijhawm tsis tshua muaj qhov rov qab los ntawm lub siab dawb paug, ib nrab-me nyuam yaus gaiety uas yav tas los muaj nyob hauv nws qhov xwm txheej."

Kashkin tshaj tawm lwm ntu. Twb tau nyob rau hauv lub Klin lub sij hawm ntawm lub composer lub neej, Tchaikovsky, uas tsis tau yav tas los hais txog nws kev sib raug zoo nrog nws tus poj niam, hais kom Kashkin nyeem nws tsab ntawv kawg.

Nov yog qhov nws piav txog nws: “Tsab ntawv tau sau tau zoo thiab zoo li muaj qee qhov kev thov kub, vim nws muaj cov lus exclamation thiab cov lus nug. Thaum kuv tau nyeem tsab ntawv mus rau qhov kawg thiab saib Tchaikovsky, teb rau kuv cov lus nug uas ntsiag to, nws kuj tig los rau kuv nrog cov lus nug: "Zoo, qhia kuv tias tsab ntawv hais txog dab tsi?" Tsuas yog thaum ntawd kuv pom tau hais tias tsis muaj cov ntsiab lus tseeb hauv tsab ntawv."

Thiab nws yog tag nrho. Peb yuav tsis pom ib yam dab tsi uas sau rau hauv phau ntawv teev npe ntawm tus kheej los ntawm Tchaikovsky.

P. I. Tchaikovsky nrog nws tus poj niam A. I. Tchaikovskaya (Milyukova)

Qhov xwm txheej nrog lub npe hu ua "cov ntawv" yog qhov nyuaj dua. Tsis muaj cov ntawv qub lossis cov ntawv luam ntawm cov ntawv no. Qhov chaw nyob qhov twg lawv supposedly yuav tsum tau nyob yog tsis qhia ib yam. Txawm li cas los xij, xyoo 1980Nyob rau hauv cov nplooj ntawv ntawm New York txhua lub lim tiam "New American", uas nws editor yog Sergei Dovlatov, muaj ib tsab xov xwm los ntawm ib tug tej yam Alexandra Orlova, uas supposedly pom txhua yam ntawm nws tus kheej ob lub qhov muag.

Los ntawm phau ntawv "Cov neeg Yudais nyob rau hauv kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Lavxias teb sab txawv teb chaws" peb kawm hais tias Orlova (Shneerson) Alexandra Anatolyevna, uas emigrated rau teb chaws USA nyob rau hauv 1979, yog ib tug tshwj xeeb "ntawm Lavxias teb sab composers ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th. - los ntawm tsev neeg Shneerson, yawg koob ntawm uas yog Shneur Zalman. Ntawm cov poj koob yawm txwv yog cov neeg sawv cev tseem ceeb ntawm Lavxias-Jewish kab lis kev cai. Hauv kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw, nws txuas ntxiv nws txoj kev tshawb fawb thiab luam tawm cov ntaub ntawv hais txog Glinka, Tchaikovsky, Mussorgsky. " Txawv txawv parallels. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws paub tias nws cov ntawv tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv cov ntawv xov xwm "Continent", "Grani", nyob rau hauv cov ntawv xov xwm "Lavxias teb sab lus", "New American", "Vestnik" thiab lwm yam. Orlova phau ntawv kawg yog Tchaikovsky Tsis Muaj Retouching (New York, 2001).

Nws yog nthuav tias nyob rau hauv Russia Mrs. Orlova cov kev nplua nuj sau ntawv tsuas yog txaus siab rau tus thawj coj ntawm lub tabloid xovxwm - lub tabloid Moskovsky Komsomolets, uas tau rov luam tawm Orlov libel. Cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv nws tsis muaj kev sib txuas, yog replete nrog forgeries, thiab "Orlova thov hais tias tag nrho cov qhov tseeb tau paub rau nws los ntawm Alexander Voitov, ib tug kawm tiav ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm kev cai lij choj, uas, nyob rau hauv lem, tau hais los ntawm tus poj ntsuam ntawm Nikolai Jacobi. nws tus kheej." Ntau precisely, "ib tug pog hais."

A. A. Orlova Schneerson (UA)

Nov yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm ib qho kev xav tias "tsab ntawv": "1876-28-09 rau Kwv Tij Txwj Laug. "Xav txog qhov no! Kuv txawm ua ib qho chaw mus rau lub zos rau lwm hnub mus saib Bulatov, uas nws lub tsev yog tsis muaj dab tsi ntau tshaj li ib tug pederastic tsev neeg. Tsis tsuas yog kuv nyob ntawd, tab sis kuv poob rau hauv kev hlub zoo li miv nrog nws tus kws qhia !!! Yog li ntawd, koj hais tau yog lawm thaum koj hais hauv koj tsab ntawv tias tsis muaj txoj hauv kev los tawm tsam, txawm tias muaj lus cog tseg, los ntawm koj qhov tsis muaj zog."

Ib tug neeg paub txog cov ntawv ntawm Pyotr Ilyich yuav hais tias tus sau ntawm no qias neeg fake tsis txawm thab los hloov nws ua noj ("zoo li miv rau nws tus kws qhia !!!") rau tus kws sau ntawv style. Tsis txhob hais qhov tseeb tias tsis muaj leej twg tau pom "tsab ntawv" nws tus kheej.

Cov neeg uas tau paub txog tus cwj pwm thiab kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Lavxias lub neej ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd yuav lees paub tias cov kev mob siab rau tsis yog tsuas yog tshwj xeeb rau nws, tab sis lawv tsuas yog tsis muaj chaw. Tchaikovsky tsis muaj kev zam rau txoj cai.

Los ntawm txoj kev, nws yog ib tug heev tibneeg hu tauj coob. Rau ib tug neeg ntawm qhov loj thiab, raws li lawv yuav hais tam sim no, "lub sijhawm ua haujlwm tsis khoom", nws tsuas yog xav tsis thoob tias tam sim no nkag siab li koj tus kheej lub neej.

Txij li thaum 1866 nws tau ua ib tug xib fwb ntawm lub Moscow Conservatory. Premieres ntawm "Voevoda" (1869), "Undine" (1869), "Oprichnik" (1874), "Blacksmith Vakula" (1876), peb symphonies (1866, 1872 thiab 1875).), ballet "Swan Lake" (1877), fantasy overtures ("Romeo thiab Juliet" (1869)), Thawj Piano Concerto (1875), suab paj nruag rau Ostrovsky's fairy taleas "Lub Snow Maiden" (1873.), lub voj voog ntawm piano pieces "Four Seasons" (1876) thiab lwm yam chamber ua hauj lwm thiab romances. "Cov Lus Qhia rau Txoj Kev Kawm Txuj Ci ntawm Kev Sib Haum Xeeb" (1871), thawj phau ntawv Lavxias rau kev saib xyuas sau los ntawm tus kws sau ntawv Lavxias, tau luam tawm. Thiab qhov ntawd tsis yog tag nrho.

Txij li thaum kawg ntawm xyoo 1877, Tchaikovsky tau ua haujlwm hauv Spain, Ltalis, Fabkis, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees.

Nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub 1880s, nws pib nws txoj hauj lwm raws li ib tug neeg xyuas pib. Ua ntej hauv Russia, thiab tom qab ntawd txawv teb chaws; raws li ib tug ua yeeb yam ntawm nws tus kheej tej hauj lwm, nws mus xyuas lub teb chaws Yelemees, Austria-Hungary, Fabkis, England, Switzerland. Nyob rau hauv 1885, Tchaikovsky tau raug xaiv los ua tus thawj coj ntawm Moscow ceg ntawm Petersburg Chamber Musical Society, thiab ib xyoo tom qab ntawd - ib tug honorary tswv cuab ntawm Lavxias teb sab Musical Society.

Nws txoj kev mus rau Tebchaws Meskas kuj muaj yeej, nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 1891. Nyob rau xyoo 1893, Tchaikovsky tau txais txiaj ntsig ntawm Doctor of Music los ntawm University of Cambridge hauv tebchaws Askiv. Nws tau sau tias "Kuv xav nrog txhua lub zog ntawm kuv tus ntsuj plig kom kuv lub suab paj nruag nthuav tawm, kom tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg nyiam nws, nrhiav kev nplij siab thiab kev txhawb nqa hauv nws, yuav nce ntxiv," nws sau. Xav txog kev thauj mus los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd, Tchaikovsky tsuas yog ua haujlwm thiab pw tsaug zog ntawm nws pov tseg. Thiab txij li xyoo 1892, Pyotr Ilyich tau tsiv mus rau Klin, tsiv tawm ntawm lub ntiaj teb sab nraud.

Tsuas yog ib tus neeg muaj lub siab xav muaj zog tuaj yeem tiv tau lub neej nruj li no. Yog li ntawd, qhov tshiab tshaj plaws speculations txog "psychasthenic zog ntawm nws tus cwj pwm", susceptibility rau hypochondria ("AiF" No. 49 hnub tim 3 lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2003) Tchaikovsky nyob rau hauv ib tsab ntawv rau Vel. Phau ntawv. Konstantin Konstantinovich Romanov: "Ib tug tshuab raj, yog hais tias nws xav kom loj hlob mus rau qhov siab uas nws muaj peev xwm suav rau ntawm cov txuj ci, yuav tsum tau qhia ib tug craftsman nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej." Tus hypochondriac tsis tuaj yeem ua tus tswv cuab yeej zoo. Tab sis thaum tus kws kho mob hlwb xav tham txog "kev xav" ntawm tus kws sau ntawv zoo, nws yuav tsum tau dhau los ua tus neeg thuam kos duab.

Thaum lub sij hawm nws lub sij hawm Italian, Tchaikovsky piav txog kev mus xyuas ntau lub tsev cia puav pheej hauv zos. Hauv kev sau ntawm Capitoline Tsev khaws puav pheej, Tchaikovsky xaiv cov duab puab "The Dying Gladiator", nyob rau hauv uas tej zaum tsis muaj sensuality ntawm tag nrho cov. Nyob rau hauv lub Borghese gallery, overflowing nrog dluab ntawm sensuality, nws txaus siab rau tag nrho cov paintings - Raphael portraits ntawm Caesar Borgia thiab Pope Sixtus V.

Tus thawj coj nto moo Alexander Gauk tau hais tias Tchaikovsky tsis tuaj yeem ua si hauv "kev xav, uas qhov kev ntxeev siab phem tshaj plaws yog kev txhais lus ntawm nws cov suab paj nruag ua kom zoo nkauj thiab zoo nkauj, hais tias kev zoo siab ntawm nws lub suab paj nruag tsis muaj dab tsi cuam tshuam nrog pseudo-sentimentality. Kev ua yeeb yam thiab kev nkag siab ntawm kev zoo siab - qhov ntawd yog qhov koj xav tau kom ua tiav thaum ua yeeb yam Tchaikovsky."

Nws cov ntawv teev txhua hnub nkag: txhua hnub liturgical lub voj voog, hnub so zoo thiab zoo tib yam, hauv Russia thiab txawv teb chaws, tsev teev ntuj yoo mov. Nws xis nyob hauv pawg ntseeg, hu nkauj ua rau lub kua muag (nws chim siab ntawm cov neeg hu nkauj dag), sib txuas lus nrog cov txiv plig. Rau nws, raws li rau ntau tus neeg Lavxias, mus xyuas lub tsev teev ntuj yog ib feem ntawm lub neej txhua hnub thiab lub hauv paus ntawm sab ntsuj plig. Kho lub ntuj, hiav txwv, huab cua tam sim no. Nws sau txog paj - thiab cov qhab nia ntawm nws cov ballets-fairy tales tuaj rau hauv siab.

Kev hwm tus cwj pwm ntawm lub tebchaws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Pyotr Ilyich. Tiamsis nws yog ib tug neeg ntseeg. Thiab tsis yog tag nrho licentious thiab immoral. Cov neeg xoob tsis muaj peev xwm tsim cov txuj ci. Piv txwv li, txawm lub originality ntawm views ntawm tus cwj pwm ntawm P. I. Tchaikovsky, tus naas ej choreographer George Balanchine (Georgy Melitonovich Balanchivadze, uas tuag nyob rau hauv New York nyob rau hauv 1983), pom ib tug heev kev cai dab qhuas composer nyob rau hauv Tchaikovsky. "Balanchine nws tus kheej yog ib tug ntseeg thiab hais tias:" Ib tug tsis tuaj yeem dhia mus rau hauv kev ntseeg zoo li mus rau hauv lub pas dej. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum nkag mus rau hauv nws maj mam, zoo li mus rau hauv dej hiav txwv. Qhov no yuav tsum tau ua txij thaum yau. " Balanchine nrhiav thiab pom tib yam kev ntseeg hauv Tchaikovsky. " (Volkov Solomon. Tchaikovsky Passion: Kev Sib Tham nrog George Balanchin. M., Publishing house Nezavisimaya Gazeta, 2001)

Nco ntsoov M. M. Ippolitov-Ivanov txog Tiflis mus txawv tebchaws nrog Tchaikovsky: "Thiab nws txaj muag npaum li cas! Nws raug hu mus rau theem, thiab nws nkaum qab lub backstage scenery. Kuv qw rau nws: "Petya, tuaj, mus, lawv hu, nws tsis yooj yim!" - tab sis nws tsis muab lub suab. Kuv yuav tsum tshaj tawm hais tias tus kws sau ntawv tau tawm ntawm kev ua yeeb yam, tab sis nws tau tangled nyob rau hauv lub tis, poob ib yam dab tsi, yuav luag disfigured nws, cov machinists tau rub nws tawm … "("Moskovsky Zhurnal" No. 10, 2005)

Los ntawm txoj kev, Tchaikovsky yeej tsis sib nrauj nws tus poj niam, txawm tias qhov tseeb tias nws ntxov pom cov tsos mob ntawm kev puas hlwb. Kev kuaj mob yog paranoia. Nws yog ntuj rau Tchaikovsky kom muaj nws. Tom qab nws tuag, tseem muaj nyiaj tshuav, uas Modest Ilyich, tus kws sau ntawv tus tij laug, them rau nws kev kho mob hauv tsev kho mob puas siab puas ntsws. Nws tuag hauv tsev kho mob ntawm Udelnaya xyoo 1917.

Tchaikovsky tau paub zoo los ntawm ob Chekhov, uas muaj kev kho mob, thiab Tolstoy, uas tau ntxub cov neeg nyiam nyiam poj niam txiv neej nyob sab hnub poob tshiab. Thiab tsis muaj leej twg, tsis yog ib lo lus, tsis yog lus qhia, hais txog dab tsi niaj hnub "cov kws tshawb fawb" tam sim no tham txog.

Thaum lub Kaum Hli Ntuj xyoo 1893, lub premiere ntawm Sixth Symphony los ntawm Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg, thiab 10 hnub tom qab tus sau tau ploj mus.

Qhov thib ob yog txuas nrog qhov kev tshwm sim, lub npe hu ua. Tchaikovsky "kev liam" ntawm kev tua tus kheej. Dab tsi yog qhov zoo rau cov lus xaiv tsis lees paub, muaj ob lub versions: tus neeg sau tau tawg, tsis tuaj yeem tiv taus "nws txoj kev ua phem" thiab kev liam ntawm tus kheej, thiab - hu ua. "Lub tsev hais plaub ntawm kev hwm", uas kuj tau muab faib ua ob ceg ntawm kev xav.

Ob lub versions, raws li ib tug yuav twv, tau muab rau pej xeem los ntawm Mrs. Orlova. Thawj version yog yooj yim refuted los ntawm cov lus tim khawv ntawm cov kws kho mob uas koom nyob rau hauv kev kho mob ntawm Tchaikovsky - L. B. Bertenson, UA Zander, N. N. Mamonov. Lawv txhua tus muaj kev paub txog kev kho mob. Txhua tus neeg kuj tau paub zoo txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm Koch, uas tau tshawb pom qhov kis tus kab mob cholera hauv xyoo 1883.

Nyob rau hauv lub tsev kho mob Nikolaev, qhov twg L. B. Bertenson thiab A. K. Zander, xyoo 1892 tau qhib lub tuam tsev kho mob cholera thiab muaj chav kuaj kab mob bacteriological. Nws yuav tsum tau ntxiv hais tias nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm 1893 muaj ib tug kis ntawm tus kab mob cholera tshwm sim nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg, thiab vibrios tau pom txawm nyob rau hauv cov dej system ntawm lub caij ntuj no Palace. Hnub Tchaikovsky tuag, 68 tus neeg mob tus mob cholera tau sau npe hauv St. Ua ke nrog Tchaikovsky, xya tus neeg ntxiv tuag los ntawm nws.

Tab sis qhov thib ob version tsim nyog nyob ze. Tsis yog vim nws extravagance thiab deb-fetchedness, tab sis vim hais tias ntawm lub hom phiaj kev twb kev txuas nrog tsev neeg muaj koob muaj npe. Tsis tas li ntawd, txawm tias tus neeg txhawb nqa ntawm "pederastic theory" A. N. Poznansky, ib tug neeg ua haujlwm ntawm Yale University, tus sau phau ntawv uas hais tias yog ib phau ntawv: "Kev tuag ntawm Tchaikovsky. Legends thiab Facts”.

Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias lub lush kev loj hlob ntawm Lavxias teb sab kab lis kev cai nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19 tshuav ntau rau patronage ntawm cov tswv cuab ntawm Romanov tsev neeg, thiab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog, rau Emperor Alexander III.

Ib tsab ntawv los ntawm Emperor Alexander III rau KP Pobedonostsev los ntawm Lub Rau Hli 2, 1881 tau muaj sia nyob:

"Kuv xa koj 3000 rubles rau kev hloov mus rau Tchaikovsky. Qhia rau nws tias nws tsis tuaj yeem rov qab cov nyiaj no. Alexander "(" Lavxias teb sab ntiaj teb "No. 1, 2004) Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv 1888, tus huab tais tau tsa Tchaikovsky ib tug nyiaj laus ntawm 3 txhiab rubles. Thiab qhov no tsuas yog ib feem me me ntawm qhov tau ua nyob rau hauv dav dav.

PI Tchaikovsky tau sau hais tias nws, "yuav ua li cas ua siab zoo los ntawm huab tais", "yuav saib tsis muaj nuj nqis", tus kheej tau koom nrog hauv kev qhib lub Ntiaj Teb Exhibition hauv Paris, lub sij hawm los koom nrog kev ua koob tsheej ntawm 100th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm Great Fabkis Revolution - " Kev ua koob tsheej uas Huab Tais tsis tuaj yeem khuv leej.” (Letter to F. McCar, Lub Ib Hlis 13, 1889)

Nyob rau hauv 1887 PI Tchaikovsky hais rau tus huab tais nrog ib tug tus kheej tsab ntawv, nyob rau hauv uas nws thov rau kev faib nyiaj los ua kom tiav kev tsim kho ntawm lub tsev ua yeeb yam nyob rau hauv Tiflis. Raws li cov memoirs ntawm M. M. Ippolitova-Ivanova, "cov nyiaj tau tso tawm, thiab ua yeeb yam tiav …"

Ntau yog nuj nqis rau Tchaikovsky thiab Konstantin Konstantinovich Romanov, ib tug ntawm cov founders ntawm lub tsev Pushkin, tus txiv neej uas coj lub Lavxias teb sab Academy ntawm Sciences rau peb caug xyoo, tus tsim ntawm Moscow Conservatory. Konstantin Romanov lub npe hu ua ib tug kws sau paj lug uas sau nyob rau hauv lub kryptonym K. R., playwright (tus ua yeeb yam "Vajntxwv ntawm cov neeg Yudais" tau muab txhais ua 19 yam lus), tus txhais lus ("Hamlet"), actor, tshuab raj thiab composer.

Tchaikovsky tau sau rau 6 zaj nkauj rau nws cov paj huam; xws li "Kuv qhib qhov rais", "Lub teeb twb tua hauv chav", "Thawj hnub", "Serenade".

Kev sib txawv txawv, tab sis tom qab kev tuag ntawm K. R. Nws lub cim xeeb tau defiled ib yam li kev hwm ntawm Tchaikovsky. Tib yam qias neeg fabrications txog pederasty. Orlova tus cwj pwm tshwm sim uas tsar nws tus kheej kom Tchaikovsky tuag tom qab kawm txog nws qhov kev liam tias "kev sib txuas tsis zoo" nrog KR. Meanwhile, K. R. yog ib tug txiv neej hauv tsev neeg mob siab, ntseeg siab heev, muaj 9 tus me nyuam, yog tus thawj coj ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv tub rog, "txiv ntawm txhua tus tub rog", tsa ib tug tub uas tuag ua phem rau pem hauv ntej, thiab peb tus ntxiv uas raug tua los ntawm cov tub rog. Bolsheviks nyob rau hauv Alapaevsk.

Tsev neeg ntawm Konstantin Konstantinovich Romanov

Tag nrho cov no, ntawm chav kawm, tsis tau coj mus rau hauv tus account. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog ua kom tsis ncaj ncees rau tsev neeg muaj koob muaj npe hauv txhua txoj kev. Thiab Tchaikovsky, tau kawg, poob rau hauv lub log no. Qee cov neeg tsis nyiam txoj kev hlub ntawm P. I. Tchaikovsky.

Nyob rau hauv 1860-1870, Tchaikovsky tau tsim muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog cov neeg sau ntawv ntawm Lub Hwj Chim Hwjchim (qhia tawm suab paj nruag thuam V. V. Stasova) - M. A. Balakirev thiab N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov, nrog rau Stasov nws tus kheej. Balakirev thiab Stasov rov hais dua rau Tchaikovsky cov ntsiab lus rau nws cov haujlwm ua haujlwm. Tchaikovsky qhia nws cov tswv yim npaj nrog Balakirev thiab Rimsky-Korsakov; Rimsky-Korsakov txaus siab txais Tchaikovsky cov lus qhia txog kev xav suab paj nruag. Kev sib pauv ntawm cov suab paj nruag pej xeem tau tshwm sim ntawm lawv.

Cov lus xaiv uas hais lus phem tawm tsam Tchaikovsky tau nthuav tawm los ntawm Purgold cov viv ncaus yog qhov tsis muaj tseeb. Ib tug ntawm lawv, Nadezhda Nikolaevna, yog tus poj niam ntawm Rimsky-Korsakov txij thaum 1873.

Tab sis ntawm qhov tod tes, qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb zoo ntawm Rubinstein cov kwv tij, cov neeg sawv cev ntawm kev coj noj coj ua, Western kev coj noj coj ua, nrog rau cov ntsiab lus ntawm "Mighty Handful" ua rau ntau cov lus nug.

A. Rubinstein, 1889

Anton Rubinstein cov kev ua ub no ua rau muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb nrog lub tsev hais plaub lub voj voog, nrog rau cov kws sau ntawv A. N. Serov thiab cov tswv cuab ntawm "Mighty Handful", uas nyiam cov lus qhia Lavxias hauv kev muaj tswv yim. “Txawm hais tias Rubinstein tau ua kev cai raus dej thaum nws tseem yog menyuam yaus, nws tau khaws ib lub teb chaws Jewish. Tsis ntev tom qab tsim lub Koom Haum rau Kev Tshaj Tawm Kev Kawm ntawm cov neeg Yudais hauv Russia, nws tau los ua tswv cuab. Thaum ntxov 1890s. Rubinstein xav sau ib zaj yeeb yaj kiab, tus neeg ua yeeb yam uas yuav yog ib tug neeg Yudais niaj hnub, txaus siab thiab thuam, tab sis tsis yog ib qho libretto txaus siab rau nws, thiab nws tau caw nws cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv los ua txoj kev npaj no "("Electronic Jewish Encyclopedia ").

Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb - "kev txaus siab thiab kev thuam" - tag nrho cov opposite ntawm Tchaikovsky lub puab tsos. Qhov no yog qhov phem npaum li cas tuaj yeem pom tam sim no hauv Is Taws Nem: "Thaum xub thawj, Tchaikovsky tau kawm hauv chav kawm zoo li casually. Anton Grigorievich Rubinstein tau mob siab rau qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm tus tub hluas. Nws tau hais tias nws tau hais lus rau cov tub ntxhais hluas tshuab raj heev thiab hais rau Tchaikovsky "txawm yog kawm nyuaj lossis tawm hauv chav kawm." Txij hnub ntawd los, Pyotr Ilyich pib kawm nrog kev ua siab ntev, uas tsis tau tso nws mus tas nws lub neej." Qhov ntawd yog li cas - nws hais ib zaug - thiab Tchaikovsky nkag siab. Thiab yav tom ntej genius tsis tas yuav flog. Kuj ceeb tias.

Obviously, qhov tseeb hais tias nyob rau hauv 1944 lub Leningrad Conservatory, nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm uas A. Rubinstein sawv, tau lub npe hu ua tom qab N. Rimsky-Korsakov, kuj yog ib tug neeg ua phem rau lub neej. Lub Moscow Conservatory, qhov twg N. Rubinstein yog tus thawj coj thiab tus xibfwb ntawm piano, tau muaj npe tom qab P. Tchaikovsky.

Zoo, kuv paub tseeb tias lub sijhawm yuav muab txhua yam hauv nws qhov chaw. Los yog twb. Thiab ib qho ntawm cov pov thawj ntawm qhov no yog P. I. Tchaikovsky, sau ntau pua tus kws ntaus nkauj los ntawm ntau lub teb chaws hauv Moscow.