Los ntawm ntau pua xyoo thiab qhov chaw: pob zeb kos duab ntawm Russia

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Txij li thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis 25, Lub Koom Haum Keeb Kwm Keeb Kwm hauv Moscow tau tuav lub rooj nthuav qhia "Nyob rau ntau pua xyoo thiab qhov chaw: pob zeb kos duab ntawm Russia." Elena Sergeevna Levanova, Tus Neeg Sib Tw ntawm Keeb Kwm Kev Tshawb Fawb, Tus Thawj Coj ntawm Paleo Art Center ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm ntawm Archaeology ntawm Lavxias Academy ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb, thiab Elena Aleksandrovna Miklashevich, Tus Kws Tshawb Fawb ntawm Lub Chaw, tau hais txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov koom haum thiab nthuav tawm tshaj tawm. coj mus rau lub peev nyob rau hauv lub xov tooj cua kev pab cuam "Proshloe". Peb muab koj ib daim ntawv teev lus ntawm qhov kev sib tham no.

Los ntawm 3 mus rau 6 lub Kaum Ob Hlis, excursions muaj nyob rau ntawm lub exhibition, uas koj muaj peev xwm sau npe rau ntawm lub website ntawm Archaeology ntawm Lavxias teb sab Academy ntawm Sciences.

Thiab peb cov khoom zoo ntawm paleo kos duab nyob ntawm no.

M. Rodin: Ob qhov xwm txheej tseem ceeb rau Lavxias teb sab archaeology yuav muaj nyob rau hauv Moscow lub lim tiam tom ntej. Cov no yog cov exhibition "Los ntawm lub centuries thiab qhov chaw: pob zeb kos duab ntawm Russia" thiab lub rooj sib tham "Cim npe thiab cov duab nyob rau hauv lub kos duab ntawm lub hnub nyoog pob zeb". Cia peb tham ua ntej txog lub exhibition: dab tsi yog nws lub tswv yim, dab tsi exhibits yuav nthuav tawm?

E. Levanova: Lub exhibition yog tsim los ntawm lub koom haum ntawm Archaeology ntawm Lavxias teb sab Academy ntawm Sciences thiab Siberian Association ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm Primitive Art. Lub exhibition cheeb tsam tsis loj heev - tsuas yog tshaj 100 m². Tab sis qhov no yog qhov chaw txaus txaus: ntau qhov khoom pov thawj los ntawm ntau thaj tsam ntawm Russia tau tshwm sim ntawm no, los ntawm North-West mus rau Far East thiab Chukotka. Peb sim ua kom pom ntau haiv neeg pob zeb kos duab nyob rau hauv Russia yog li cas, thiab yog li ntawd koj tuaj yeem pom cov khoom pov thawj sib txawv ntawm qhov kev nthuav qhia.

Hauv kev npaj qhov project no, peb tau tsom mus rau kev nthuav qhia nws feem ntau rau cov zej zog scientific. Raws li koj tau hais lawm, peb tab tom qhib lub rooj sib tham loj heev rau kev kos duab ntawm Pob Zeb Hnub Nyoog, thiab cov qhua ntawm lub rooj sib tham yuav yog thawj cov neeg tuaj saib rau lub rooj sib tham. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov project tau hais rau cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov tub ceev xwm thiab txhua tus neeg uas, peb yuav hais, txiav txim siab hauv lub tebchaws no. Niaj hnub no, cov teeb meem ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab kev khaws cia ntawm pob zeb kos duab monuments yog mob heev, thiab cov teeb meem no yuav tsum tau tsa, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau ua tib zoo mloog lawv. Cov neeg uas xav tuaj rau hauv lub exhibition tuaj yeem sau npe rau excursions, peb yuav zoo siab los qhia cov khoom pov thawj thiab qhia koj txog lawv.

M. Rodin: Yuav sau npe li cas? Lub exhibition yuav nyob qhov twg?

E. Levanova: Lub exhibition yog nyob rau hauv lub Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm Society. Koj tuaj yeem tuaj qhov ntawd los ntawm 3 txog 6 Lub Kaum Ob Hlis rau kev mus ncig ua si. Thiab cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws txog kev kaw cia yog nyob rau ntawm lub vev xaib ntawm Archaeology ntawm Lavxias Academy ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb thiab ntawm nplooj ntawv ntawm lub koom haum hauv kev tes hauj lwm.

M. Rodin: Elena Aleksandrovna, nws hloov tawm hais tias nyob rau hauv no exhibition koj tau sau cov feem ntau iconic monuments los ntawm thoob plaws Russia thiab coj lawv los ntawm Moscow?

E. Miklashevich: Yog, yuav muaj monuments los ntawm thoob plaws hauv Russia, tab sis tsis yog cov iconic tshaj plaws. Txij li thaum peb raug txwv los ntawm qhov chaw thiab, ntxiv rau, los ntawm peb txoj haujlwm, peb tau txiav txim siab xaiv cov monuments uas tam sim no nyob rau hauv cov npe ua ntej ntawm UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Muaj plaub ntawm lawv los ntawm Russia. Tsis muaj pob zeb kos duab monuments nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab UNESCO Daim Ntawv Teev Npe ntawm Russia, txawm tias qhov no yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm peb cov cuab yeej cuab tam, txawm tias, tej zaum, me ntsis-paub.

M. Rodin: Cov ntaub ntawv no tsuas yog shocking. Tom qab tag nrho, txhua leej txhua tus, txawm tias cov neeg nyob deb ntawm keeb kwm, paub txog lub qhov tsua Kapova, paub txog petroglyphs. Nws hloov tawm tias tsis muaj qhov no tiv thaiv los ntawm UNESCO?

E. Miklashevich: Tseem tsis tau tiv thaiv, yog.

E. Levanova: Tab sis ua haujlwm ntau heev. Thawj lub monument - Sikachi-Alyan los ntawm Far East - nkag mus rau hauv Cov Npe rov qab rau xyoo 2012. Tab sis txhawm rau kom tau txais qhov ntawd, tsuas yog txhawm rau npaj cov ntaub ntawv, ob tus kws tshawb fawb thiab cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov tub ceev xwm yuav tsum ua haujlwm ntau heev. Tias yog vim li cas peb qhia cov monuments ntawm lub exhibition - kom cov neeg paub txog lawv, sawv cev rau lawv.

M. Rodin: Peb txhua tus, tau kawg, nkag siab tias pob zeb kos duab yog dab tsi. Qhov no yog ib yam dab tsi pleev xim los yog khawb rau ntawm pob zeb, hauv lub qhov tsua, ntawm pob zeb. Tab sis yuav ua li cas pob zeb kos duab raug coj mus rau Moscow feem ntau thiab yuav ua li cas nws tuaj yeem tshwm sim?

E. Miklashevich: Ua ntej, kuv xav sau tag nrho plaub tus neeg sib tw ntawm cov npe ua ntej ntawm UNESCO. Qhov no yog qhov twb hais txog Sikachi-Alyan nyob rau sab hnub tuaj. Qhov no yog lub roob Oglakhty ntawm lub koom pheej ntawm Khakassia. Cov no yog cov petroglyphs ntawm Dawb Hiav Txwv thiab Lake Onega nyob rau hauv lub koom pheej ntawm Karelia thiab, ntawm chav kawm, lub nto moo Kapova qhov tsua nyob rau hauv lub Urals.

Yog li ntawm qhov kev nthuav qhia peb nthuav tawm cov ntaub ntawv hais txog lawv, tham txog yam haujlwm twg uas tau ua nyob rau ntawd, dab tsi kos duab muaj, dab tsi kos duab nthuav tawm. Tag nrho cov monuments no txawv heev. Muaj cov duab hauv qhov tsua, muaj petroglyphs ntawm cov pob zeb qhib, muaj Neolithic, Paleolithic, thiab muaj cov duab kos duab haiv neeg. Cov monuments muaj nyob rau ntau lub sijhawm, lawv siv cov txuj ci sib txawv, cov ncauj lus sib txawv, thiab yog li ntawd lawv tuaj yeem sawv cev rau pob zeb kos duab ntawm txhua tus ntawm Russia. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov kev nthuav qhia yuav nthuav tawm Tomsk Pisanitsa raws li lub tsev khaws puav pheej tau ntawv pov thawj, nrog rau cov petroglyphs ntawm Pegtymel hauv Chukotka. Cov petroglyphs no tau kawm ntau heev los ntawm Ekaterina Georgievna Devlet, rau nws lub cim xeeb lub exhibition yog mob siab rau.

Cov duab ntawm Tomsk Pisanitsa. Qhov chaw:

M. Rodin: Txawm li cas los xij, koj tuaj yeem qhia cov khoom tshwj xeeb sib txawv, lawv yuav nthuav tawm li cas?

E. Miklashevich: Tau kawg, peb tsis tuaj yeem nqa cov khoom qub, vim tias cov pob zeb hnyav thiab lawv yuav tsum nyob hauv lawv qhov chaw. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog ua los ntawm cov duab zoo thiab ntau cov ntawv luam uas qhia cov yam ntxwv thiab kev zoo nkauj ntawm cov monuments. Ib lub sijhawm nthuav dav tshaj plaws ntawm qhov kev nthuav qhia no yog ntau cov ntawv luam ntawm facsimile: voluminous, coj los ntawm cov thawj, uas koj tuaj yeem kov, kov, saib.

E. Levanova: Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog tsis txhob tso lawv ntawm txhais ceg, lawv hnyav.

M. Rodin: Yuav ua li cas thiaj ua tau zoo li no?

E. Miklashevich: Ib tug silicone impression matrix raug tshem tawm ntawm lub pob zeb qub. Ua li no, lub pob zeb yog coated nrog kua silicone resin, uas tso cai rau koj mus luam txhua yam kiag li. Kev nthuav dav yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg kiag li: yog tias muaj cov ntawv luam ntawm yoov paw rau ntawm pob zeb, ces nws yuav pom ntawm cov cob. Tom qab ntawd cov silicone hardens, thiab peb tau txais ib tug saj zawg zog lub tswv yim, ib tug matrix nyob rau hauv uas, nyob rau hauv lub laboratory tej yam kev mob, koj muaj peev xwm ua ib tug casting los ntawm plaster, los ntawm ntau yam ntaub ntawv niaj hnub, yas, acrylic plaster. Muaj ntau lub sijhawm - txhua yam nyob ntawm pob nyiaj siv, ntawm qhov hnyav npaum li cas daim ntawv yuav tsum yog, thiab lwm yam.

Cov ntawv luam uas tau tshwm sim yog tinted rau qhov zoo dua kom lawv zoo li lub pob zeb nyob. Thiab yog li ntawd, peb tau txais ib daim ntawv luam ntawm ib feem ntawm lub pob zeb - ib daim duab lossis ib qho chaw me me. Lub exhibition yuav muab luam tawm los ntawm ntau yam monuments: Pegtymel, Tomskaya Pisanitsa thiab Oglakhty.

Cov monuments no yuav qhia txawv qhov zoo ntawm kev tau txais cov ntawv luam. Piv txwv li, Pegtymel yog qhov chaw deb tshaj plaws, nyuaj-mus txog monument hauv peb lub tebchaws (nyob hauv Chukotka), txawm tias cov kws tshaj lij tuaj yeem suav ntawm ib sab tes. Feem ntau ntawm cov ntawv luam tau ua thaum lub sij hawm ntoj ke mus kawm ntawm Ekaterina Georgievna Devlet, ib co ntawm lawv peb qhia nyob rau hauv no exhibition.

Tomsk Pisanitsa yog ib qho chaw nkag mus tau, tsev cia puav pheej, hauv Kemerovo Thaj Chaw muaj ib lub tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm tib lub npe "Tomsk Pisanitsa". Yuav luag tag nrho cov duab kos tau pom meej meej nyob ntawd. Ntxiv nrog rau qhov nthuav tshaj plaws: lub thiaj li hu ua sab sauv frieze, uas yog siab tshaj tib neeg qhov siab. Muaj ntau tshaj li ib puas daim duab ntawm khiav moose, tus noog nto moo thiab ntau yam noog, dais, thiab cov duab anthropomorphic. Daim duab no yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws khaws cia rau ntawm lub monument no, tab sis peb muaj kev zoo siab thaum pom nws tsuas yog thaum peb tuaj yeem tsim hav zoov thiab los ze zog rau nws. Yog li ntawd, peb txiav txim siab ua ib daim ntawv luam ntawm lub frieze sab saud thiab tso rau hauv peb lub tsev cia puav pheej. Tam sim no peb tau coj ob peb daim ntawv luam ntawm no, mus rau kev nthuav qhia.

E. Levanova: Peb kuj tseem yuav nthuav tawm cov ntawv luam ntawm cov petroglyphs ntawm Lake Onega thiab Hiav Txwv Dawb, ua los ntawm tus kws kos duab Svetlana Georgievskaya. Nws coj ob peb-meter ntev rubs ntawm loj petroglyphs: qhov no yog ib tug otter thiab ib tug burbot. Zoo nkauj heev lub neej-loj luam, cov khoom kos duab tiag. Peb kuj muaj cov ntawv luam ntawm mica - los ntawm Oglakhta, piv txwv li.

M. Rodin: Cov ntaub so yog dab tsi thiab cov ntawv luam mica yog dab tsi?

E. Miklashevich: Kuv ib txwm muab cov piv txwv hauv qab no rau cov qhua: thaum yau, txhua tus siv graphite mem hluav los rub lawv los ntawm npib rau ntawv.

M. Rodin: Yog, yog, koj muab ntawv rau ntawm ib lub npib - thiab koj pib rub nws nrog xaum xaum …

E. Miklashevich: Yog ib yam li ntawd. Tsuas yog rau cov ntaub so, siv cov ntawv zoo tib yam, tshwj xeeb - nplej lossis mica ntawv yog siv, thiab siv cov graphite - xim.

E. Levanova: Tsis tas li ntawd, peb muaj 3D qauv. Piv txwv li, Kapova qhov tsua yog sawv cev los ntawm ob peb qauv ntawm cov duab: muaj ib tug me me ntxhuav thiab mammoths. Ib qho yeeb yaj kiab zoo tshaj plaws nrog rau tag nrho laser scanning ntawm Shulgan-Tash lossis Kapovoy qhov tsua hauv Bashkiria kuj tseem yuav tshwm sim ntawm lub rooj nthuav qhia.

Ntau cov ntaub ntawv tseem yuav raug nthuav tawm txog kev tshawb fawb ntawm Ekaterina Georgievna Devlet - thawj lub taub hau ntawm Paleo-Art ntawm lub koom haum ntawm Archaeologists ntawm Lavxias teb sab Academy ntawm Sciences.

Peb xav tau, tau kawg, muab cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv tshwj xeeb txog UNESCO thiab UNESCO pob zeb kos duab, kom pom tseeb tias cov monuments yuav tsum tau nce qib. Tam sim no, hmoov tsis, ntawm tag nrho cov kab lis kev cai cuab yeej cuab tam, pob zeb kos duab yog qhov tsawg tshaj plaws rau cov pej xeem. Thiab, ntawm chav kawm, peb xav kom exhibitions zoo li peb li coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv loj qhov chaw. Piv txwv li, tam sim no los ntawm Kemerovo peb tau coj deb ntawm tag nrho cov castings uas peb ua tau. Thiab los ntawm Far East ib tug tuaj yeem nqa cov duab nto moo heev ntawm tus elk ntawm Sikachi-Alyan monument - daim ntawv loj loj, pob zeb loj …

M. Rodin: Muaj cov ntawv luam yog qhov txiaj ntsig loj, puas yog? Hauv qhov no, daim ntawv puas yog qhov ntxiv?

E. Miklashevich: Txoj cai.

M. Rodin: Tsis tas li ntawd, cov ntawv luam tso cai rau koj pom qhov koj yuav tsis pom txawm nyob ntawm qhov khoom nws tus kheej. Los ntawm txhais li cas?

E. Levanova: Cov ntawv luam tso cai rau peb pom ntau dua li peb tuaj yeem pom ntawm pob zeb, piv txwv li, vim qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm nws cov teeb pom kev zoo, thiab dhau li ntawd, qee zaum peb yuav tsis pom cov petroglyphs txhua. Piv txwv li, lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav no peb muaj kev cob qhia txog pob zeb kos duab ntawm Tomskaya Pisanitsa monument, thiab, hmoov tsis, cov qhua ntawm lub rooj sib tham tsis tuaj yeem pom Tomskaya Pisanitsa monument, vim tias cov dej tau sawv thiab tsis tuaj yeem mus cuag lub monument.

Peb muaj ob peb cam khwb cia, facsimile luam los ntawm Elena Alexandrovna los ntawm monuments nyob rau hauv dej nyab, qhov twg koj yuav tsis pom dab tsi nyob rau hauv dej siab. Hauv dej tsawg koj tuaj yeem pom, tab sis rau qhov no koj yuav tsum tau sau ib qho kev ntoj ke mus ncig thiab caij nkoj mus rau ntawd los ntawm nkoj.

Los yog peb Sikachi-Alyan ntawm Amur, uas tseem nyob hauv thaj tsam dej nyab. Ntau ntawm peb cov pob zeb zoo nkauj petroglyph yuav yog silted lossis submerged.

M. Rodin: Raws li kuv nkag siab, peb yuav tsis pom qee qhov monuments nyob rau yav tom ntej. Yuav ua li cas rau lawv? Yuav ua li cas lawv sim kho lawv, kho lawv, los yog dab tsi, kom lawv tsis tawg?

E. Miklashevich: Ib lo lus nug zoo heev thiab raug. Vim tias lwm txoj haujlwm ntawm cov ntawv luam ntawv facsimile yog los tsim ib hom "thawj". Yuav luag txhua lub dav hlau qub nrog cov pob zeb paintings yog raug rau ob qho tib si kev puas tsuaj thiab kev puas tsuaj los ntawm tib neeg kev ua. Thiab nws tsis tuaj yeem tswj tau.

M. Rodin: Qhov teeb meem no hnyav npaum li cas rau cov monuments sib txawv tam sim no?

E. Miklashevich: Qhov no yog ib qho teeb meem loj heev, vim hais tias monuments raug rhuav tshem rau ntau yam laj thawj thiab nws tsis tuaj yeem rov qab tau tag nrho lawv, thiab qee qhov ua rau kev puas tsuaj tsis tuaj yeem tiv thaiv.

Kuv xav hais txog Oglakhty ua piv txwv - qhov loj heev ntawm pob zeb kos duab, ib feem ntawm qhov chaw nyob ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Yenisei, uas yog, yav tas los Yenisei, thiab tam sim no lub Krasnoyarsk reservoir. Cov pob zeb tau raug dej nyab tom qab lawv rov qab ua lub reservoir. Thiab petroglyphs tsuas yog tshwm sim thaum ntxov caij nplooj ntoos hlav, qee zaum thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg lig. Lawm, feem ntau ntawm lawv twb tau vau lawm vim lawv nyob hauv dej tau ntev heev thiab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog, los ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm cov dej. Qee cov petroglyphs tseem muaj sia nyob, tab sis txhua xyoo tsawg dua thiab tsawg dua ntawm lawv tawm hauv dej. Peb tau ua ib txoj haujlwm los luam cov petroglyphs ib ntus tawm ntawm dej, thiab qee qhov ntawm lawv tau nthuav tawm ntawm qhov kev nthuav qhia no.

M. Rodin: Qhia peb txog kev sib tham ntawm no monument, txog cov phiaj xwm ntawm petroglyphs, txog cov neeg uas tau ua nws.

E. Miklashevich: Cov duab qub tshaj plaws hauv Khakassia yog nyob ntawm cov pob zeb ntug dej hiav txwv. Peb tsis paub lawv lub hnub nyoog pes tsawg, peb tsuas paub tias lawv tau tshwm sim ua ntej Hnub Nyoog Kawg. Qhov ntawd yog, lawv muaj tsawg kawg yog tsib txhiab xyoo. Thiab deb npaum li cas lawv mus rau hauv av, seb nws yog Neolithic lossis Paleolithic - peb, ntawm chav kawm, tsis paub. Peb tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv qhia hnub tim cov duab kos. Lawv piav txog cov tsiaj uas tau ploj mus lossis hloov lawv qhov chaw nyob: nees qus, bulls qus, puag ncig, boars qus, bears … Cov tsiaj qus no "nyob" hauv cov duab kos nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw sib txawv kiag li uas peb pom tam sim no hauv Khakassia - cov no yog cov toj roob hauv pes steppe.

M. Rodin: Thiab cov lus nug zoo sib xws txog Sikachi-Alyan. Cov neeg zoo li cas ua cov duab kos no, cov phiaj xwm twg muaj? Peb tseem paub dab tsi txog lub monument no?

E. Levanova: Sikachi-Alyan kuj tseem yog ib qho chaw monument nrog kev sib tham. Nws hnub tim los ntawm lub sijhawm Neolithic thaum ntxov (los ntawm kev sib piv nrog cov ceramics pom ntawm cov chaw nyob ze) mus rau Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog.

M. Rodin: Qhov ntawd yog, tag nrho cov no tau kos rau ntau txhiab thiab txhiab xyoo?

E. Levanova: Yog, lawv tshuav embossing thiab kos duab nyob rau hauv ntau yam txuj ci sib txawv. Ntawm Sikachi-Alyan muaj ob peb lub ntsiab lus rau qhov chaw ntawm pob zeb. Thiab ob peb lub ntsiab lus twb raug rhuav tshem vim tib neeg kev ua ub no. Ntawd yog, dab tsi peb tsis muaj sijhawm los luam tam sim no, peb tuaj yeem poob, yog tias, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, qhov xwm txheej hydraulic nrog cov monuments tsis hloov txhua txoj kev. Pob zeb nrog petroglyphs yuav yooj yim mus rau hauv dej thiab tsis tshwm sim. Thiab cov piv txwv no twb muaj lawm: cov duab uas peb nrhiav tsis tau txij li thaum lawv tau sau tseg los ntawm kev ntoj ke mus kawm ntawm Academician Okladnikov nyob rau hauv lub 70s. Nyob ntawd, tib neeg tau piav qhia ob qho tib si tsiaj thiab ntau lub ntsej muag, cov duab geometric zoo nkauj heev. Tab sis, tej zaum, cov duab pom zoo tshaj plaws yog qhov ncauj qhov ntswg. Cov no yog cov ntsej muag ntsej muag ntawm Lower Amur. Peb tab tom sim sau lawv kom tiav, kom lub monument yog tag nrho theej thiab tseem nyob rau tib neeg.

Disguise daim npog qhov ncauj. Sheremetyevo, Khabarovsk Territory, r. Ussuri

M. Rodin: Hauv kev xaus, cia peb nco ntsoov ib zaug ntxiv tias qhov kev nthuav qhia nws yog dab tsi, nws nyob qhov twg, yuav ua li cas sau npe rau nws, qhov twg kom tau txais cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws.

E. Levanova: Lub exhibition "Ntawm Hnub nyoog thiab Chaw: Pob Zeb Art ntawm Russia" yog nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm Society. Qhov no yog ib lub hauv paus zoo heev uas pab tau peb ntau nrog kev nthuav qhia. Lub rooj nthuav qhia tau tsim los ntawm Siberian Association ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Keeb Kwm Keeb Kwm thiab Lub Tsev Haujlwm ntawm Archaeology ntawm Lavxias Academy ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb. Lub website ntawm lub koom haum ntawm Archaeology ntawm Lavxias teb sab Academy ntawm Sciences muaj tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev tso npe rau lub exhibition. Koj tuaj yeem tuaj ntawm 3 txog 6 Lub Kaum Ob Hlis nrog kev ncig xyuas. Elena Aleksandrovna thiab kuv, los yog ib tug ntawm cov kev taw qhia, yuav qhia rau koj txog lub pob zeb kos duab ntawm Russia.

M. Rodin: Ua tsaug ntau.