Yuav ua li cas cov British tab tom siv lub Soviet kev kawm system

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Tsis yog ib hnub dhau mus los ntawm Parliament ntawm Great Britain, thiab hauv zej zog tag nrho, tsis muaj kev sib tham txog lub xeev ntawm txoj haujlwm hauv kev kawm hauv lub tebchaws, uas tau ntau pua xyoo tau suav tias yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws, thiab hnub no nws ua tsis tiav. Tom qab tag nrho, nws tsis yog ib qho zais cia tias hauv tebchaws Askiv muaj cov menyuam yaus thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas uas tsis tuaj yeem sau lossis suav, tsis paub cov ntawv nyeem thiab lej lej.

Tus Economist piav qhia txog qhov xwm txheej txawv txawv rau cov tsev kawm ntawv tseem ceeb hauv London thiab sim nkag siab: Yuav ua li cas lub tsev kawm ntawv pej xeem yooj yim los ntawm cheeb tsam London tsis zoo dhau los ua ib lub tsev kawm ntawv zoo tshaj plaws hauv UK?

Tus Economist sau: Xav paub ntau ntxiv txog qhov cuam tshuam ntawm Soviet Union rau kev kawm lus Askiv, mus saib Preparatory College hauv London's Lambeth borough, taug kev 20 feeb los ntawm Parliament. Nyob ntawd, hauv ib lub tsev da dej yav dhau los, poob ntawm cov tsev nyob siab, yog King's College London Mathematics School (KCLMS). Tuaj rau hauv thiab koj yuav pom tias cov tub ntxhais kawm muaj kev lom zem daws teeb meem lej ntawm cov ntawv dawb li cas, thiab ntawm cov rooj yog chessboards nrog cov kab. Cov huab cua ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv yog ntau ntawm "kev xaiv zoo" ntawm ib lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab hauv Oxford lossis Cambridge dua li ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv pej xeem hauv thaj chaw dormitory hauv London.

Lub tsev kawm ntawv no tau tsim raws li tus qauv ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv Moscow. A. N. Kolmogorova, uas txij li nruab nrab-60s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem tau txais cov tub ntxhais kawm muaj peev xwm thaum muaj hnub nyoog 15 xyoos thiab muab kev kawm lej zoo tshaj plaws hauv lub tebchaws. Michael Gove, Britain tus Minister of Education los ntawm 2010 txog 2014, "tshem" tus qauv ntawm Soviet mus rau British av thiab qhib cov tsev kawm ntawv qib siab tshwj xeeb hauv lej hauv cov tsev kawm qib siab. Gove ces, raws li Minister, tau teem lub hom phiaj: kom txhua tus menyuam yaus, tsis hais lawv qib ntawm cov khoom muaj nqis npaum li cas (thiab peb paub tias cov tsev kawm ntiav kim npaum li cas hauv London), kom tau txais kev paub txog lej thiab physics "ntawm qib Eaton." Ntawd yog, qhov tseeb, Michael Gove tau suav cov txheej txheem Soviet, uas cov menyuam txawj ntse tau nkag mus kawm hauv cov tsev kawm lej tshwj xeeb yam tsis tau them tus nqi rau nws.

Txawm li cas los xij, raws li tsab xov xwm, tsuas yog ob lub tsev kawm ntawv tau teb thiab qhib cov tsev kawm qib siab zoo li no. KCLMS thiab Exeter Mathematics School, nrhiav tau los ntawm Exeter University hauv 2014. Thiab thaum Lub Ib Hlis 23 xyoo no, tsoomfwv Askiv tau tshaj tawm tias yuav tsum tau nce cov tsev kawm ntawv zoo li no. Qhov no yog ib kauj ruam tseem ceeb raws li Pawg Thawj Kav Tebchaws tau txais txoj haujlwm "kev lag luam zoo" uas npaj yuav qhib cov tsev kawm lej tshiab thoob plaws tebchaws. Cov lus xaiv muaj nws tias ntau lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab twb tau hloov kho lawv qhov pib tsis kam koom nrog qhov project no.

Tus Economist lees tias rau UK, yuav ua li cas qhia cov menyuam muaj peev xwm yog ib lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb. Tsis ntev los no, Tus Thawj Kav Tebchaws Theresa May tau tshaj tawm tias nws tab tom txiav txim siab tshem tawm qhov txwv tsis pub qhib cov tsev kawm ntawv sau ntawv tshiab uas xaiv cov tub ntxhais kawm raws li lawv txoj kev kawm thaum muaj hnub nyoog 11 xyoos. Thaum ib txhia nquag txhawb lub tswv yim ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv sau ntawv, lwm tus tau tawm tsam tsis zoo. Txawm hais tias tam sim no Minister of Education, Justine Greening, tau hais tias nws tsis ntseeg tus kheej txog kev npaj yuav rov qab cov tsev kawm ntawv no.

Tsab ntawv, txawm li cas los xij, sau tseg tias lub tsev kawm ntawv lej ntawm King's College London (KCLMS) yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws hauv kev xaiv cov menyuam yaus. Tus neeg thov kev kawm hauv nws yuav tsum muaj qhov qhab nia siab tshaj ("A *") hauv lej hauv GCSE kev xeem, uas tau coj los ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv thaum muaj hnub nyoog 16 xyoo. Tseem, Economist hais tias, rau tag nrho cov ntawd, cov tsev kawm qib siab no yuav tsis tshua muaj "kev sib cais" dua li tib lub tsev kawm ntawv sau ntawv uas tseem ceeb rau Prime Minister Theresa May mob siab txog.

Tus Economist qhov kev sib cav yog tias, ua ntej, kev tshuaj xyuas rau cov tub ntxhais kawm ua tau zoo tshaj plaws thaum muaj hnub nyoog 16 yog twb muaj thoob plaws thiab suav tias muaj kev ntseeg siab dua li kev sim cov menyuam hnub nyoog 11 xyoos. Thiab qhov thib ob, thiab tseem ceeb heev, KCLMS yog qhov zoo dua ntawm kev xaiv cov tub ntxhais kawm los ntawm cov tsev neeg tau nyiaj tsawg dua li cov tsev kawm ntawv sau ntawv feem ntau. Hauv cov txheej txheem nrhiav neeg ua haujlwm, qhov kev nyiam yog muab rau cov menyuam yaus los ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv qis hauv cov neeg txom nyem thiab los ntawm cov tsev neeg txom nyem, qhov twg cov niam txiv, raws li txoj cai, tsis muaj kev kawm siab dua thiab tsis tuaj yeem them nyiaj rau lawv cov menyuam cov pluas noj. Tab sis 14% ntawm KCLMS cov tub ntxhais kawm muaj cai tau zaub mov dawb hauv tsev kawm ntawv, uas yog, lawv tau raug cais raws li cov neeg pluag. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv sau ntawv, tsuas yog tsawg dua 3% ntawm cov menyuam yaus los ntawm cov tsev neeg txom nyem tau txais lub sijhawm tau txais zaub mov dawb.

Cov kws qhia ntawv tshwj xeeb hauv tebchaws Askiv kuj tseem ceeb vim tias txoj hmoo ntawm cov menyuam yaus uas tsis tau txais kev xeem nkag mus rau tsev kawm ntawv sau ntawv nyuaj heev. Cov menyuam yaus no kawm tau zoo dua yav tom ntej, ib feem vim lawv tau liam tias "tarnished lawv lub koob npe nrov" thiab tau txais lub cim ntawm "losers" thiab "tsis ua haujlwm". Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, yog tias tus tub ntxhais kawm ua tsis tiav qhov kev xeem nkag hauv tsev kawm qib siab, nws tsis tshua muaj "kev thuam thuam" rau nws. Hauv qhov no, muaj kev xav tias cov koom haum xws li KCLMS yuav tso cai rau "txhawb" thiab txhawb nqa cov menyuam yaus uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws, thiab tib lub sijhawm, tsis txhob rhuav tshem, tsis ua rau cov neeg ua tsis tiav.

Kev txheeb cais qhia qhov ua tau zoo ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv "Soviet" qauv. Cov txiv neej uas tau txais txoj hauv kev los kawm hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv no tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo: tawm ntawm 61 tus tub ntxhais kawm ntawm chav kawm tiav KCLMS, 14 tau txais kev caw mus rau Oxford lossis Cambridge. Xyoo 2016, txhua tus tub ntxhais kawm tau txais qib siab tshaj plaws "A *" lossis "A" tom ntej hauv kev xeem A-theem, uas yog xeem thaum muaj hnub nyoog 18 xyoo. Cov tub ntxhais kawm cov qhab nia nyob nruab nrab ntawm 0.7 cov qhab nia siab dua hauv txhua qhov kev kawm dua li cov phooj ywg uas muaj GCSE cov qhab nia zoo sib xws.

Tus Thawj Saib Xyuas Tsev Kawm Ntawv Dan Abramson qhia txog qhov kev tshawb pom no los ntawm qhov xav tau rau cov kws qhia ntawv kom muaj kev paub tob txog lawv cov kev kawm - tom qab tag nrho, cov lus qhia tuaj yeem mus deb dhau lub tsev kawm ntawv cov ntaub ntawv kawm. Ib pawg me me ntawm cov kws qhia ntawv siv sijhawm ntev los ua cov ntaub ntawv ntau thiab tuaj koom ntau zaj lus qhia kom nkag siab txog kev txhim kho txoj kev kawm. Qhov kev zov me nyuam tau tsim los ntawm kev koom tes nrog cov kws tshawb fawb los ntawm King's College London kom cov tub ntxhais kawm tuaj yeem npaj nkag mus rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv. Cov tub ntxhais kawm tiav ua tus cob qhia rau cov tub ntxhais kawm thawj xyoo. Cov kev ua ub no ntxiv rau qhov ci ntsa iab yog qhia los ntawm poj huab tais University London tus kws qhia lej tus kws tshaj lij.

Tus Economist sau tias kev ua tiav ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv kuj tau txiav txim siab los ntawm nws cov kab lis kev cai. Guest kws qhia ntawv los ntawm cov koom haum xws li tsoom fwv Communications Headquarters (GCHQ), lub UK lub electronic txawj ntse lub koom haum, los yog Google's DeepMind Artificial Intelligence Company tau pab txuas kev kawm rau lub ntiaj teb sab nraud, ntawm chav kawm, rau lawv kom zoo dua.

Peb yuav tsum them se rau cov neeg Askiv, uas tab tom sim sau txhua qhov zoo tshaj plaws thoob ntiaj teb, suav nrog cov kev kawm. Thiab peb lub teb chaws, Russia, nrog nws cov phenomenal scientific kev vam meej, yog nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm lawv tshwj xeeb mloog.