7 lus dab neeg hais txog hluav taws xob

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Puas muaj tseeb tias iodine tiv thaiv kev kis kab mob? Peb lub tsev puas muaj hluav taws xob? Kuv puas yuav tsum haus cawv liab tom qab X-ray lossis noj txiv apple? X-rays thiab fluorography feem ntau txaus ntshai npaum li cas rau kev noj qab haus huv? Thiab yuav ua li cas cov hlau lead bunkers tiv thaiv hluav taws xob?

Peb yog irradiated los ntawm kev lag luam thiab nuclear fais fab nroj tsuag

Muaj tseeb. Grigory Gorsky, tus thawj coj ntawm lub chaw saib xyuas kev nyab xeeb hluav taws xob ntawm St. Petersburg Rospotrebnadzor hais tias "Kev koom tes ntawm tib neeg tsim cov peev txheej rau tag nrho cov neeg Lavxias tau txais txhua xyoo yog 0.02-0.04%,". - Lub kaw lus tam sim no ua kom muaj kev cuam tshuam rau pej xeem tsis tu ncua, suav nrog thaum ua haujlwm ntawm cov chaw tshiab. Nws yog txhua yam hais txog kab lis kev cai ntawm kev nyab xeeb hluav taws xob: cov tuam txhab lawv tus kheej saib xyuas kev ua haujlwm raws li cov cai, thiab cov neeg saib xyuas thiab tswj xyuas lawv cov kev siv."

X-rays thiab fluorography ua rau muaj kev phom sij ntau dua li qhov zoo

Lus dab neeg. Cov pej xeem ntawm peb lub teb chaws tau txais 15% ntawm tag nrho cov tshuaj hluav taws xob thaum lub sij hawm kho mob X-rays thiab fluorography. Tsis muaj cov qauv rau theem ntawm kev kho mob - tus nqi ntawm 1 millisievert ib xyoos twg yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm fluorography. Tom qab tag nrho, yog hais tias ib tug neeg, piv txwv li, kho cov hniav los yog ib tug tawg ceg, nws yog x-rayed ntau zaus raws li qhov tsim nyog los ntawm qhov pom ntawm kev kho mob tactics. Thiab cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kho mob zoo li no ntau dua qhov kev puas tsuaj los ntawm hluav taws xob.

Tom qab X-ray, koj yuav tsum haus cawv liab lossis noj txiv apples

Ib tug myths xwb, thiab ib tug kiag li. Tsis yog txiv apples lossis cawv txiv hmab tuaj yeem txo qhov raug hluav taws xob. Nws yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua rau kev txiav luam yeeb, ua kom koj txoj kev noj qab haus huv tsis zoo thiab ua si kis las txhawm rau txo qis kev mus ncig hauv tsev kho mob, suav nrog txhawm rau txhawm rau kuaj X-ray.

Peb nyob hauv ib puag ncig hluav taws xob

Nws muaj tseeb. 85% ntawm cov koob tshuaj hluav taws xob peb tau txais txhua xyoo yog los ntawm lub npe hu ua hluav taws xob hluav taws xob. Ib feem ntawm nws los rau peb ntawm qhov chaw. Tab sis qhov koob tshuaj loj tshaj plaws tos peb hauv peb lub tsev, vim tias cov ntaub ntawv uas lawv tau tsim - xuab zeb, pob zeb thiab pob zeb crushed - muaj cov radionuclides. Hauv qhov no, raws li txoj cai lij choj, cov khoom siv hauv tsev tau muab faib ua cov chav kawm tshwj xeeb ntawm cov xov tooj cua. Rau kev tsim kho vaj tse nyob, tsuas yog crushed pob zeb ntawm thawj chav kawm ntawm radioactivity yuav tsum tau siv, qhov thib ob - rau industrial vaj tse thiab txoj kev nyob rau hauv lub nroog, qhov thib peb, feem ntau cov xov tooj cua - rau kev tsim kho ntawm txoj kev sab nraum lub nroog. Ua ntej muab lub tsev tso rau hauv kev ua haujlwm, ib qho kev kuaj tshwj xeeb yog nqa tawm, uas pom tias cov khoom siv hauv chav kawm twg tau koom nrog hauv kev ua haujlwm. Peb qhia koj kom ua tib zoo saib ntawm daim tshev no yog tias koj tab tom yuav ib chav tsev nyob hauv ib lub tsev tshiab, thiab, yog tias ua tau, xaj kom muaj kev tshuaj xyuas ywj pheej.

Cov khoom siv hauv tsev hauv peb cov tsev yog ci ntsa iab

Tab sis qhov no yog, theej, ib tug dab neeg. Raws li txoj cai, tsuas yog xov tooj cua dab teg lossis lub rooj moos, tsim los ntawm cov tuam txhab Soviet thaum xyoo 1960s, tuaj yeem "fond" hauv peb lub tsev. Hauv lawv cov chaw tsim khoom, qhov kev ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua lub teeb sib xyaw raws li radium tau siv. Yog tias koj muaj lub moos zoo li no hauv koj lub tsev, peb qhia koj kom muab nws xa mus rau qhov chaw khaws khoom tshwj xeeb rau cov khib nyiab pov tseg. Nws tseem yuav tsum suav nrog cov xov tooj cua hauv xov tooj cua, ntsuas ntsuas siab lossis ntsuas los ntawm Soviet tso tsheb hlau luam thiab lwm yam khoom siv, uas, txog rau xyoo 1970, nws yog ib qho kev cai siv lub teeb sib xyaw raws li radium.

Cov phab ntsa txhuas tiv thaiv hluav taws xob

Qhov no tsuas yog qee qhov tseeb xwb. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, nws yuav tsum tau hais ntawm no tias muaj ntau hom hluav taws xob, txhua qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib txawv. Yog li, alpha hluav taws xob tuaj yeem nres koj cov khaub ncaws niaj hnub thiab tsom iav. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv beta hluav taws xob, aluminium foil yog txaus. Tab sis nws nyuaj heev kom dim ntawm gamma hluav taws xob. Txawm hais tias koj hnav khaub ncaws tiv thaiv dab tsi, yog tias koj nyob hauv thaj tsam ntawm gamma hluav taws xob qhov chaw, koj yuav tau txais koj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hluav taws xob. Nws yog los ntawm hom hluav taws xob no uas tib neeg tab tom sim khiav hauv cov hlau lead cellars thiab bunkers. Txawm li cas los xij, nrog tib txheej tuab, txheej ntawm cov pob zeb lossis cov av compressed yuav ua tau zoo me ntsis hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm gamma hluav taws xob. Cov hmoov txhuas yog cov khoom siv ntom ntom, uas yog vim li cas nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem nws tau siv los tiv thaiv hluav taws xob. Tab sis cov hmoov txhuas kuj yog cov khoom siv tshuaj lom, yog li niaj hnub no cov txheej tuab ntawm cov pob zeb siv rau tib lub hom phiaj.

Iodine tiv thaiv kev raug hluav taws xob

Lus dab neeg. Iodine xws li, nrog rau nws cov tebchaw, tsis muaj peev xwm tiv taus hluav taws xob. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kws kho mob pom zoo kom cov pej xeem coj nws tom qab kev puas tsuaj los ntawm tib neeg. Vim li cas? Qhov tseeb yog tias cov xov tooj cua iodine-131, ib zaug tso tawm rau hauv ib puag ncig, nrawm nrawm rau hauv tib neeg lub cev, ntau qhov tseeb, hauv cov thyroid caj pas, ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev mob qog noj ntshav thiab lwm yam kab mob ntawm lub cev. Thaum cov thyroid caj pas yog "sau" nrog lwm tus, muaj kev nyab xeeb rau peb lub cev iodine, tsuas yog tsis muaj chaw rau xov tooj cua iodine. Tab sis yog tias tsis muaj kev hem thawj ntawm iodine-131 nkag mus rau ib puag ncig, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob noj iodine ntawm koj tus kheej, vim nws cov koob tshuaj ntau tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau cov thyroid caj pas.

Hauv lub ntsiab lus no:

Yuav ua li cas ib tug cell "noj" hluav taws xob

Zam rau xov tooj cua

Nuclear kev tawm tsam ntawm yav dhau los tsis ntev los no