TOP-5 super-heavy artillery phom ntawm Thawj Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Thawj Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib Ib yog lub sijhawm ntawm lub hnub qub ntawm riam phom loj. Txhua lub teb chaws uas koom nrog kev sib ntaus sib tua tau nrhiav kev tsim nws tus kheej super-hnyav cannon, uas yuav ua tau zoo tshaj plaws ntawm txhua yam ntawm cov yeeb ncuab riam phom. Qhov hnyav ntawm cov loj loj tuaj yeem ncav cuag 100 tons, thiab qhov loj ntawm ib qhov projectile tuaj yeem tshaj 1000 kilograms.

Keeb kwm

Super-heavy artillery muaj nws cov hauv paus hniav nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm. Yog li, nyob rau hauv Ancient tim Nkij teb chaws thiab Rome, catapults tau siv los rhuav tshem cov phab ntsa ntawm cov fortress thiab fortresses. Rov qab rau hauv lub xyoo pua XIV, cov neeg Askiv thiab Fabkis tau pib siv cov phom phom, uas tua cov pob zeb loj lossis cov phom phom hlau. Piv txwv li, Lavxias teb sab Tsar Cannon nyob rau hauv 1586 muaj ib tug caliber ntawm 890 hli, thiab Scottish siege cannon Mons Meg nyob rau hauv 1449 tua cannonballs nrog ib txoj kab uas hla ntawm ib nrab ib 'meter'.

Tsar Cannon | Yees duab: Kultura.rf.

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 19th, artillery pib tsim sai heev thiab siv nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov tsov rog. Tshwj xeeb artillery units pib tsim. Thaum Tsov Rog Crimean (1853 - 1856), howitzers txog 8 ntiv tes tau siv. Xyoo 1859, thaum Tsov Rog Sardinian, Fabkis thawj zaug siv phom phom (Armstrong's cannon), uas nyob rau hauv ntau qhov kev hwm tau zoo tshaj rau cov phom phom.

Armstrong System Cannon | Yees duab: Wikipedia.

Thawj Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb tuaj yeem raug hu ua kev ua rog loj. Yog hais tias nyob rau hauv lub Russo-Japanese Tsov rog (1904 - 1905) tsis muaj ntau tshaj li 15% ntawm cov tub rog tuag los ntawm artillery nyob rau hauv tag nrho, ces nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog thawj daim duab no ntau npaum li 75%. Thaum pib ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog, muaj qhov tsis txaus ntawm cov phom ntev ntev. Yog li, Austria-Hungary thiab lub teb chaws Yelemees tau ua tub rog nrog tsawg tsawg ntawm 100-mm thiab 105-mm howitzers, 114-mm thiab 122-mm phom yog los ntawm Russia thiab Askiv. Tab sis qhov caliber no yog kev puas tsuaj loj tsis txaus los yeej yeej cov yeeb ncuab siege. Tias yog vim li cas tag nrho cov coj txawv txawv maj mam pib tsim ib tug artillery daim loj loj caliber.

1. Hnyav 420-mm howitzer "Skoda", Austria-Hungary

Lub tsheb laij teb rub lub saib thiab txais lub laub nrog Skoda 305-mm howitzer. Yees duab: Wikipedia.

Thaum pib ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib ib, Austro-Hungarian Skoda cog yog qhov chaw tsim khoom loj tshaj plaws ntawm cov phom hnyav hnyav. Xyoo 1911, 305-mm howitzer tau tsim rau ntawm nws, uas ua tau raws li tag nrho cov qauv European tshiab. Qhov hnyav ntawm rab phom yog hais txog 21 tons, thiab lub thoob ntev tshaj 3 meters. Ib qhov projectile hnyav 282 kilograms tuaj yeem tsoo lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov deb ntawm 9600 meters. Ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm rab phom yog nws txoj kev txav mus los. Yog tias tsim nyog, kev tsim cov cuab yeej tuaj yeem muab faib ua peb ntu thiab thauj mus rau qhov ntev ntawm kev siv lub tsheb laij teb.

Hnyav 420-mm Skoda howitzer | Yees duab: Keeb Kwm ntawm Habsburg xeev.

Thaum kawg ntawm xyoo 1916, Skoda kev txhawj xeeb tau tsim ib qho loj heev - 420-mm howitzer, tag nrho qhov hnyav tshaj 100 tons. Tus nqi SN loj loj uas hnyav 1,100 kilograms ya mus rau 12,700 meters. Tsis muaj ib lub fortress tuaj yeem tiv taus xws li riam phom. Txawm li cas los xij, Austro-Hungarian loj heev muaj ob qhov teeb meem loj. Tsis zoo li cov qauv me me, lub howitzer tsis yog lub xov tooj ntawm tes thiab tuaj yeem tua tau yim zaug ib teev.

2. "Big Bertha", Lub teb chaws Yelemees

Loj Bertha | Yees duab: Dnpmag.

Cov phom nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib ib yog suav tias yog German legendary "Big Bertha". Qhov no 43-tuj loj mortar tau raug hu ua tom qab tus tswv ntawm Krupp kev txhawj xeeb, uas tau koom nrog hauv kev tsim cov phom loj loj rau lub teb chaws Yelemees. Thaum tsov rog, cuaj luam ntawm Big Bertha tau ua. Lub 420-mm mortar tuaj yeem thauj tau los ntawm kev tsheb ciav hlau lossis tshem tawm siv tsib lub tsheb laij teb.

Loj Bertha | Yees duab: YaPlakal.

Lub plhaub hnyav 800 kilograms ntaus lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov kev ncua deb ntawm 14 km. Lub cannon tuaj yeem tua ob qho tib si armor-piercing thiab high-explosive shells, uas, thaum tawg, tsim ib tug funnel nrog ib txoj kab uas hla ntawm 11 meters. Cov Berts loj tau koom nrog hauv kev tawm tsam ntawm Liege hauv xyoo 1914, nyob rau hauv lub siege ntawm Lavxias teb sab fortress ntawm Osovets thiab nyob rau hauv sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Verdun nyob rau hauv 1916. Qhov pom ntawm cov neeg loj heev ua rau muaj kev ntshai thiab ua rau lub siab ntawm cov yeeb ncuab cov tub rog.

3.380 hli howitzer BL, UK

Cov Askiv teb rau Triple Alliance nrog cov riam phom hnyav heev. Qhov loj tshaj ntawm cov no yog BL 380 mm siege howitzer. Cov phom tau tsim los ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm 234-mm MK cannons uas twb muaj lawm. Thawj zaug, BL howitzers tau siv los ntawm British Admiralty Marines. Raws li Novate.ru, rab phom hnyav 91 tons (thiab qhov no tsis suav nrog 20 tons ntawm ballast). Txawm hais tias cov phom zoo li no muaj lub zog txaus ntshai, lawv kuj muaj ntau qhov tsis txaus, vim tias cov neeg Askiv tom qab tso tseg lawv txoj kev loj hlob.

380 hli howitzer BL | Yees duab: zonwar.ru.

Kev thauj mus los ntawm rab phom tuaj yeem siv sijhawm li ob peb lub hlis, thiab kaum ob tus tub rog yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm rau lub howitzer. Ntxiv mus, 630 kg shells ya nrog tsawg raug thiab luv luv. Qhov no ua rau lub fact tias thaum pib ntawm tsov rog, tsuas yog 12 daim ntawv luam ntawm BL tau tsim. Tom qab ntawd, Marines tau muab 380-mm howitzers rau cov tub rog nyob rau hauv ntug dej hiav txwv, tab sis txawm nyob rau ntawd lawv tseem tsis tuaj yeem nrhiav kev siv kom raug.

4.370-mm mortar "Phillot", Fabkis

Cov Fabkis, kuj paub txog qhov xav tau ntawm cov phom loj loj, tsim lawv tus kheej 370-mm mortar, tsom rau kev txav mus los. Cov phom raug thauj mus raws ib qho tshwj xeeb uas muaj kev tsheb ciav hlau mus rau qhov chaw sib ntaus sib tua. Outwardly, rab phom tsis loj, nws qhov hnyav yog li 29 tons. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ua tau zoo ntawm "Fillo" muaj ntau yam qis dua li cov phom German thiab Austrian.

370-mm mortar "Fillo" | Yees duab: Great Tub Rog Encyclopedia.

Qhov hluav taws kub ntawm qhov hnyav hnyav (416 kilograms) tsuas yog 8100 meters, thiab lub siab tawg (414 kilograms) yog 11 mais. Txawm hais tias nws txoj kev txav mus los, kev tso lub plhaub rau ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua yog ib txoj haujlwm nyuaj heev. Qhov tseeb, vim qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov tshuaj khib nyiab, kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg tua phom tsis ncaj ncees, tab sis lub sijhawm ntawd "Phillot" yog tib lub phom loj loj hauv Fabkis.

5.305-mm howitzer, Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws

305-mm howitzer qauv 1915 | Yees duab: Tub rog Review.

Nyob rau hauv Russia thaum Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib 1, cov khoom uas muaj cov phom loj loj tau nruj me ntsis. Lub teb chaws Ottoman yuav tsum tau yuav howitzers los ntawm Askiv, txij li thaum xyoo 1915 lub teb chaws tsim phom nrog qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm 114 hli. Nyob rau hauv Lub Xya hli ntuj 1915, thawj super-hnyav 305-mm howitzer nyob rau hauv Russia tau sim. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, thaum lub sij hawm ua tsov ua rog, lub Obukhov cog tau tsim txog 30 daim ntawv ntawm 1915 qauv cannon. Qhov hnyav ntawm rab phom yog 64 tons, thiab qhov hnyav ntawm qhov projectile yog 377 kilograms nrog lub dav hlau siab tshaj plaws ntawm 13.5 kilometers. Kev thauj mus los ntawm howitzer los ntawm kev tsheb nqaj hlau tau kwv yees.