Tsis muaj suab A hauv Lavxias?

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb: "Thawj tsab ntawv ntawm peb cov tsiaj ntawv nyiam nthuav tawm thaum kawg ntawm poj niam lub npe: ARM, LEG, LUNA, KOROVA … Tab sis khaws txhua phau ntawv txhais lus ntawm Lavxias, thiab koj yuav pom qhov txawv txav: Nws hloov tawm hais tias cov lus Lavxias yuav luag tsis paub cov lus txhua, pib nrog "A". Tsis yog, tau kawg, tsis muaj lus hauv "A" feem ntau heev heev - cov phau ntawv txhais lus tag nrho muaj txog li ob lub kaum ob nplooj ntawv. Tab sis yuav luag ib sab ntawm lawv txhua tus tau qhia tias lo lus yog qiv - los ntawm cov lus nyob, lossis los ntawm cov uas tau tuag ntev lawm - Latin thiab Ancient Greek. Cov lus Lavxias feem ntau pib nrog tsab ntawv A tuaj yeem suav tau ntawm tus ntiv tes - cov no yog cov lus hu ua kev pabcuam: AW, ABOS, exclamations - AGA, UA, ntxiv lawm AZ thiab ABC … Cov uas xav ntxiv rau daim ntawv teev npe no yuav tau tawm hws ntau heev."

Niaj hnub no peb tsis paub tias leej twg yog tus linguists thawj, tab sis nyob rau hauv 150 xyoo dhau los nyob rau hauv linguistics muaj ib tug postulate - Lavxias teb sab lus yeej tsis muaj nws tus kheej lo lus pib nrog "A". Linguists piav qhia qhov no los ntawm qhov tseeb tias peb cov poj koob yawm txwv, lawv hais tias, txaj muag los hais lub suab "A" thaum pib ntawm lo lus, xav tias nws ncaj ncees thiab tawm tsam. Thiab txhawm rau npog qhov kev ncaj ncees no, lub suab "A" hauv cov lus ntawm peb cov poj koob yawm txwv, lawv hais tias, tau muab zais tom qab lub suab "Y". Tus kws sau ntawv Lev Uspensky, uas cov kws qhia ntawv coj mus rau lawv tus kheej (tus kws txhais lus), sau tias: "Cov lus Lavxias tsis nyiam pib nws cov lus nrog "dawb huv", "tiag" "A"! Thiab tag nrho vim hais tias lub npe "Kuv", qiv los ntawm peb cov poj koob yawm txwv los ntawm lub Koom Txoos Qub Slavonic hais lus, thaum lub sij hawm nyob deb tau hais tias "Az".

Nws hloov tawm hais tias peb cov poj koob yawm txwv tsis muaj tus kheej pronoun kuv, tsis muaj nws mus txog rau thaum lub mythical Old Slavs nyob rau hauv tus neeg ntawm enlightener Cyril pub rau cov Russians? Lawv nyob li cas tsis muaj nws?

Lub suab hloov pauv "A" - "YA" - "Kuv" rau ib feem ntawm cov lus qub Lavxias (txog 20-25 lexemes) tiag tiag: Yaviti (los qhia), Agoda - Yagoda, Aice - Qe, Ama - Yama, Antar - Amber, Hell - Poison, Lamb - Lamb … tab sis nws tsis yog kev txiav txim siab, tsuas yog 5% ntawm cov lus no.

Ntawm no yog yuav ua li cas Svetlana Burlak teb lo lus nug no, qhov twg nws teb ib lo lus nug los ntawm cov neeg tuaj saib txog qhov pib "A" nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab - video excerpt los ntawm kev hais lus ntawm tus kws kho mob ntawm Philology Svetlana Burlak, Tab sis cov lus txawv teb chaws nrog kev sau "A" peb muaj - lub laub thiab lub laub me me, raws li pom los ntawm yuav luag txhua phau ntawv txhais lus ntawm cov lus Lavxias niaj hnub no. Qhov xwm txheej no ua rau cov kws paub lus Askiv muaj cai tshaj tawm: "Tsis muaj kev zam, cov lus ntawm "A" hauv Lavxias yog txawv teb chaws."

Nyob rau hauv Ushakov phau ntawv txhais lus ib leeg (qhov teeb meem 1935-40) muaj txog 400 lo lus pseudo-Lavxias teb sab! Thiab tag nrho cov ntawm lawv: Greek, Latin, Fabkis, German … Tsis yog ib haiv neeg, haiv neeg Lavxias! Tsis muaj lus nyob rau hauv Russia, invented los ntawm cov neeg Lavxias teb sab rau Russians! Peb cov poj koob yawm txwv thaum ub yog neeg ruam, neeg lim hiam, raws li Patriarch Kirill hu lawv.

Yog vim li cas muaj ib tug dime ib tug kaum ob lo lus nyob rau hauv txawv teb chaws, nrog rau peb cov nyob sib ze Slavic lus, thiab nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab tsuas muaj ib hom lus txawv teb chaws? Txawm tias cov lus niaj hnub: "dej", "airfield", "txiv kab ntxwv", "Artillery" … yog tib yam dominance nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab lus, zoo li cov lus Askiv tsis ntev los no tau qhia rau hauv peb cov lus: "fake, hwm, boutique, tub lag luam" … Tab sis tiag tiag lub xub ntiag ntawm tshwj xeeb borrowed lo lus nyob rau hauv niaj hnub dictionaries proves tias Lavxias teb sab lus yeej tsis muaj nws tus kheej lo lus ntawm "A"?

Qhov no tsis yog hais txog niaj hnub Lavxias teb sab lus, uas poob ib tug loj loj txheej ntawm pej xeem cov lus nrog lub era ntawm Pushkin, tab sis hais txog cov lus tag nrho. Tsis zoo li cov lus archaic ntawm Western Europe, uas tsis tau nkag siab los ntawm cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv niaj hnub ntawm cov kab lis kev cai no, cov neeg Lavxias thaum ub tau ze dua thiab nkag siab ntau dua rau cov neeg Lavxias. Cov lus uas peb cov yawg koob tau hais tsis ntev los no, kuj muaj ntau dua los sis tsawg dua. Yog hais tias linguists tsis xav txog cov lus tshaj tawm thiab cov lus txhais lus ua ib feem ntawm cov lus Lavxias, ntseeg tias Lavxias yog cov lus ntawm cov neeg txawj ntse hauv nroog lossis niaj hnub kev kawm phau ntawv txhais lus ntawm 20th thiab 21st centuries, ces nws yog lub sij hawm los suab lub tswb kom thiaj li. ua rau pej xeem nyiam txog qhov xwm txheej no. Kev tawg ntawm cov lus sau (xws li cov ntawv sau thaum ub) nrog cov lus hais tau ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj rau peb cov kab lis kev cai. Thiab qhov sib txawv no tsuas yog muaj zog dua. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, peb pom tias ntau qhov qiv nyiaj rau hauv cov lus Lavxias yog qhov txhob txwm tshaj tawm, txwv tsis pub dhau los yog siv cov lus siv tsis zoo rau Russians:

Aangich yog lus Turkish, Argal - Mongolian

Abracadabra - Thracian, Abtsug - German

Abred - Prussian

Avegars - Dutch

Arai-Arandat - Finnish lus, Alam-Ashat - Kypchak, Arhaluk-Alan - Turkic, Abaz - Persian-Georgian, Alcove-Asker - Arab, Augur-Arkush - Latin, Abaka-Aksamit-Aconite-Agave-Azim-Anakruza - Greek, Apache-Antuka-Atande-Aprosh-Abrikotin - Fabkis …

Thawj qhov paub qhov txawv ntawm nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv cov av niaj hnub no yog Soviet linguist Dmitry Ushakov, tso tawm nyob rau hauv 1935-40. thawj phau ntawv txhais lus ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas Soviet koom pheej! Lub USSR pib mus rau txoj kev hais lus nyob rau hauv ib tug tshiab Lavxias teb sab lus, ib tug stump lus uas muaj ib tug tshiab revolutionary ntsiab lus, raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus "Peb yuav rhuav tshem tag nrho lub ntiaj teb no kev ua phem, peb yuav tsim peb li, peb yuav tsim lub ntiaj teb tshiab."

Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, peb paub ntau lo lus uas tau ntev tau ruaj khov rau hauv cov lus: stork, watermelon, apricot, txiv kab ntxwv, tsheb, chaw nyob, accordion, applause … Lawv kuj txawv teb chaws los ntawm keeb kwm thiab keeb kwm. Lwm qhov yog tias peb tau siv sijhawm ntev rau cov lus no, yog li peb xav txog lawv cov lus Lavxias.

Rau lo lus nug ncaj qha "Puas muaj cov lus ib txwm nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab lus pib nrog "A"?" Thaum xub thawj tus linguist hais tias - tsis muaj cov lus zoo li no! thiab tom qab ntawd nws qhia meej txog Lavxias "sneezes, bunches thiab ahi". Thiab cov lus no yog dab tsi? Lawv puas tiav? Puas yog nws tsim nyog them rau qee 6 lo lus "tsis tiav": AW, ABOS, AGA, UA, AZ thiab ABC »?

Yuav ua li cas yog tias koj saib rau hauv cov ntawv tshaj tawm kev kawm tshwj xeeb thiab nrhiav cov lus sib tham, sib txuas, onomatopoeia thiab cov lus raug cai? Raws li cov neeg yooj yim, peb tsis tuaj yeem ua xyem xyav tias cov lus ntawm peb cov yawg koob thiab pog yog nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm ua tib zoo sau, ua tiav thiab ua tib zoo ntim los ntawm linguists nyob rau hauv ib lub thawv tshwj xeeb philological. Tseeb tiag, ua tsaug rau kev siv zog ntawm cov kws paub lus Askiv, ntau lo lus hauv "A" tseem khaws cia. Muaj ntau ntau ntawm 6 qhov kev xaiv uas muaj los ntawm cov kws paub lus tsis quav ntsej! Yog li ntawd, yog vim li cas cov kws tshaj lij hais tias: "Cov neeg uas xav ntxiv rau hauv daim ntawv teev npe no yuav tau tawm hws ntau"?

Zoo, koj tuaj yeem tawm hws! Nov yog ib daim ntawv tseem tsis tiav tab sis tseem ceeb:

Yog, ah! Aya-yay (ayay, ayay), Aya, Ayayo, Ainki (aichka, aika), Aikhma, Aki (aky), Ako, Akoy, Akos, Akromya, Anys, Anadys, Anamnyas, Anamed, Anat, Anatys-on (anatstsa), Anagda, Anady, Anta, Antuta, Aniazh (anezh), Akoby, Aras, Archi, Aredom, Ary (Arya, Arrya, Aryo), Antela, At (at, Ate, Ati, Ato, Ata), Atu, Atyu, Alyu, Alya, Aoi, Anos, Alala (alaloy), Allali, (alili), Alandas (alandys, alania), Alya, Alya, Alibo (albo), Atno, Aibo, Alsa, Agu (agulenki, agushenki, agunushki), Adva, Adli, Adali, Adyli, Agy, Agyn, Akika, Aba (abo), Abiye (abye), Aluino, Aby, Abizh, Avzho, Azh, Azhe, Azhe-zh, Azhno (azhnak, azhnut, azho, azhny), Azhnol (azhnoli), Azhby, Azhnyk, Azhin, Azno, Aza, Aze, Azaska, Azym, Aida (ada, adyai), Ay-ta, Ay-you, Aposlya, Aprachi,, Avos (avose, avosev, tej zaum -ta), Abos, Au (ahy), Auy, Auk, Auh, outu, Atata (atati, atatya), Attaty, Attya (atya), Aema, Ayov, Ayonsya, A, Ayu, (ayo), Avava (avvava), Avoy (avoy-howl), Ah-koj, Ay, Aikalo, Avid, Aga (agach), Ade, Agatu, Atuta, Adva, Anegozh (anevozh, anego, anezh, anezh), Aylyuli, Adem (ayda, aydaknut), Adali (adoli), Avsegda (avsegdy), Avcheras, Agaga, Adzabl, Avka (avkat), Al, Adyak, Avila, Alby, Adlyga,Ali (aky, atsy, atsem), Akov, Akysh, Adyu, Amki (amkat), Am, Amba, Amozhe, Amaram, An, Agaga, Anno, Ano (anko), Anda (andes, ando, anizh), Andysh, Ah, Akhny, Akhyan, Akhakha, Akhma, Akhti (akhte), Ah (ach-ach), Asche, Achi (aci, ache), Atski, Achev, Achki, Asho, Aevo, Ashkyr, Aschut, Ashut …

thiab kwv yees li 50 qhov kev ywj pheej ntxiv tsis suav nrog hauv daim ntawv teev npe no!

Nws hloov tawm ntau dhau rau ib hom lus uas cov kws qhia lus tsis tuaj yeem nrhiav tau txawm tias kaum ob lo lus rau 150 xyoo! Nws kuj yog qhov txawv txav rau tus kws paub lus Askiv Lev Uspensky, uas nyob hauv ntau lab luam ntawm nws phau ntawv "Lo Lus Hais Txog Lo Lus" tau txhawb cov neeg nyeem nrog cov ntaub ntawv tsis txaus ntseeg. Nws nyuaj rau nkag siab tias yog vim li cas tus kws tshaj lij tshwj xeeb tsis pom nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv siv dab tsi uas tus neeg tsis muaj kev kawm tau yooj yim pom muaj? Yuav ua li cas, tawm ntawm yuav luag 300 cov lus hais nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab, linguists tswj kom paub, qhov zoo tshaj plaws, tsuas yog rau ntawm lawv? Yuav ua li cas yog nws cov kws tshwj xeeb, raug xaiv los saib xyuas lub xeev ntawm Lavxias teb sab lexical fund, rau ntau pua xyoo tsis tau txiav txim siab txawm tias nws cov ntsuas ntau npaum li cas?

Wb nug peb tus kheej ib lo lus nug. Yog hais tias txawm nyob rau hauv cov tub ntxhais Lavxias teb sab lus muaj txog 300 sib txawv lexemes nrog thawj "A", yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ancient lus - nyob rau hauv tib lub Latin los yog Greek, yuav tsum muaj ntau zaus ntawm lawv! Nws tsis yog rau tsis muaj dab tsi uas cov lus no suav hais tias yog niam txiv ntawm ntau hom lus, suav nrog Lavxias!

Yog li cia saib seb txhua yam puas yog raws li kev xav pom zoo. Cia peb tig mus rau cov phau ntawv txhais lus loj: cov qauv tshiab ntawm cov lus Latin thiab phau ntawv txhais lus ntawm Roman txoj cai qub:

Hnub nyoog! - hlo !, na! ej li!

Aw! Aha! - (a!) aw! Auj! (surprise, annoyance, tu siab, kev xyiv fab);

Ai! - ah ib! Auj! Auj! (hais lus tsis txaus siab);

Ib - los yog, seb; tej zaum yuav;

Ac - thiab;

Absque - tsis muaj, tsuas yog;

Apud - ntawm, ntawm, ua ntej, nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag;

Aut - los yog, los yog, los yog tsawg kawg, los yog feem ntau;

Atqui - txawm li cas los xij, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws; tau kawg, lawm; tab sis tseem; mas, a;

Antea - ua ntej, ua ntej;

Autem - tab sis, tib yam.

Zoo, Roman faj tim teb chaws tsis zoo heev nyob rau hauv ntau yam! Thiab tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm Lavxias teb sab daim ntawv teev npe ntawm 300 units, nws zoo ib yam li cov phiaj xwm los ntawm cov lus piav qhia qias neeg txog "qhov loj me uas tseem ceeb". Nws tsis haum rau cov kab lis kev cai qub uas muaj xws li me me thiab luv luv … cov npe ntawm "sneezes thiab ahs", yam tsis muaj kev hwm tus kheej lossis pawg neeg ua tau. Me me rau kev tshaj tawm Roman faj tim teb chaws. Tab sis cov curators ntawm cov lus Latin rau 400 xyoo ntawm nws txoj kev xav txog kev ncua cov animation tuaj yeem muaj qee yam ntawm qhov loj dua. Tab sis, thaj, lawv txiav txim siab tias "thiab yog li nws yuav ua!". Thiab tam sim no nws lig dhau lawm, daim pib mus rau qhov ua yeeb yam ntawm "tshwj xeeb keeb kwm qub" raug muag tawm. Peb tau ua dab tsi, peb tau ua. Thiab koj puas tuaj yeem pom txhua yam? Leej twg tuaj yeem paub nyob rau lub sijhawm muaj kev ntxhov siab tias yuav muaj lub sijhawm uas nws yuav yooj yim nthuav tawm txawm tias cov neeg dag ntxias tshaj plaws? Yog li ntawd nws tseem yog qhov uas tawm ntawm kev hlub rau kev kos duab ib leeg, txuas ntxiv txhawb nqa cov khoom qub qub nrog cov neeg tuag, tab sis tsis muaj txoj hauv kev tuag Latin nrog ntau thiab ntau cov lus niaj hnub tshiab.

Thiab ua li cas txog peb niam txiv thib ob, Greek, nrog nws cov kab lis kev cai dab qhuas Hellenic? Nws yuav muab ib lub roob rau peb? Dab tsi yog hauv phau ntawv txhais lus ntawm Qub, Nruab Nrab, thiab Tshiab Greek ?:

Α! ! - a, aw; Oh; oh, oh (bwilderment; qhuas);

yog - ah ib! (xav ceeb lossis mob);

ἅἅ!! - ha ha!

Αχ!, yog!, al hli!, a lwg! - ah !, mob, khuv xim;

Α npo! - tsis kam lees.

Yog, ob niam txiv kuj poob siab! Qhov twg yog qhov no vaunted antiquity ntawm Greek kab lis kev cai! Dab tsi ntxiv, dua li nws qhov tsis tuaj, tuaj yeem piav qhia qhov tsis txaus ntawm cov tib neeg ib-cov lus, uas tshwj xeeb muaj nyob rau txhua yam ntawm "sneezes, bunches thiab ahs"? Vim li cas cov lus hais lus thuam cov lus Lavxias rau qhov tsis muaj cov lus, uas yog qhov ua tau zoo hauv nws, tab sis tsis txhob mloog lus Greek thiab Latin, tsis tshua muaj cov lus zoo li no?

Zoo, peb pom nrog cov lus hais thiab lwm yam "frivolous" lo lus. Greek thiab Latin tsis dhau qhov kev sim qub qub, ua rau ntau zaus rau cov tub ntxhais hluas Lavxias. Tab sis tag nrho cov no, linguists yuav hais, tsuas yog cuam tshuam rau cov lus tsis raug! Koj yeej tsis paub tias cov neeg zej zog yuav xav li cas hauv lawv cov lus thiab cov lus! Thiab kuv xav pom ib yam dab tsi loj, qee qhov piv txwv los ntawm cov lus uas muaj tag nrho: npe, adjectives, verbs … Tab sis lawv tsis yog lus Lavxias!

Txawm li cas los xij, txawm tias nyob ntawm no, hais txog cov lus qhia tag nrho, qhov xav tsis thoob tos peb! Nws hloov tawm hais tias muaj xws li cov lus nrog thawj lub suab "A" nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab, thiab, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus, nyob rau hauv ntau ntau - hais txog. 500 units tsis tau txais … Los ntawm txoj kev, nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm cov qauv ntawm Lavxias teb sab lo lus tsim, derivative lus yuav yug los. Lawv ciaj sia tsis tau tsuas yog raws li cov laus-sau units, tab sis ib feem kuj raws li niaj hnub lus. Cia peb tig mus rau cov piv txwv, ywj siab ntawm ib qho txawv teb chaws los yog proto-linguistic influences, lub hav zoov uas science tsis kam:

Aas, Abait, Abab, Abakula, Abelma, Abdal, Abdushka, Abik, Abalyrya, Agovet, Abotat, Agrub, Atulka, Adai, Adalen, Adli, Adonye, Adur, Azlibat, Azet, Azor, Akudnik, Aimishtat, Akika, Aukat, Akipka, Akley, Akosit, Alabandin, Alabor, Alazhal, Alalyka, Alan, Akorye, Alpera, Alar, Alas, Alashit, Albasty, Alet, Alod, Alym, Alyn, Alyra, Alykhar, Alnik, Alusy, Akhalnik, Alchik, Alyusnik, Alyusha, Alyakish, Alyanchik, Alyapovaty, Alazh, Alody, Alyasnik, Alyat, Alapa, Alyos, Aluy, Alynya, Akorye, Alyabysh, Aloe, Alya, Andrets, Akhanshchik, Alkin, Aneva, Andelnoy, Anevoich Apayka, Apogare, Ar, Arava, Araina, Arandat, Arbuy, Argish, Argun, Arda, Ardy, Areva, Argat, Arandat, Aregva, Arakat, Ared, Araydat, Ared, Arem, Aresit, Aretega, Areshnik, Ary, Alipa, Arkat, Arkush, Armay, Arogda, Artachitsya, Arud, Archilin, Aryazina, Asbar, Asey, Asletok, Asota, Aspozhka, Asyt, Asya, Atava, Atayka, Atama, Atva, Atka, Afenya, Ahakha, Akhid, Akhlusha, Ashut, Ashchaulit, Aw sha, Ayukla…

Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab lus (siv mus rau hauv tus account lub thiaj li hu ua tag nrho-fledged lus, interjections thiab derivatives), hais txog 2000 lo lus nrog thawj "A" raug kaw. Hauv qhov kev nkag siab no, cov lus Lavxias tsis txawv ntawm lwm yam lus ntuj. Tshwj tsis yog, raws li peb pom, muaj ntau qhov tsis yog qhov sib txawv hauv nws dua li txawm tias qee lub hnub nyoog thiab cov lus tseem muaj sia nyob. Thiab yuav ua li cas ib tug yuav tsum muaj lub siab xav mus ua ib tug sanctimonious nqe lus: "Lavxias teb sab lus yeej tsis muaj nws tus kheej cov lus pib nrog lub suab "A", thiab cov kev xav ntawm philologists ntawm qhov teeb meem no yog unambiguous: tag nrho cov lus pib nrog. "A" yog qev; rau qhov no nws yog txaus mus saib rau hauv ib phau ntawv txhais lus ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus”!?

Tab sis qhov no yog tib yam kev dag ntxias, zoo li cov lus uas tam sim no tau dhau los ua zam uas muaj ntau cov lus hauv phau ntawv txhais lus Askiv ntau dua li hauv Lavxias! Ib qho kev thim txoj moo zoo los ntawm nws tus kheej kab lis kev cai, tshaj tawm rau ntau xyoo caum hauv lub npe ntawm kev tshawb fawb! Ib rab riam nyob tom qab ntawm keeb kwm ntawm haiv neeg!

Hauv kev txheeb xyuas cov phau ntawv txhais lus ntawm Lavxias teb sab pej xeem cov lus tshaj tawm hauv Is Taws Nem, tej zaum muab los ntawm qee tus neeg ntiag tug, ntau cov ntawv nrog tsab ntawv "A" raug hla tawm. Nws tsis yog qhov nyuaj los twv seb yog vim li cas rau tus cwj pwm no - tus tswv ntawm qhov kev tshaj tawm no, tau hnov los ntawm qee tus kws qhia lus lossis tus kws qhia ntawv hauv tsev kawm ntawv tias tsis muaj lo lus "A" hauv Lavxias, nws txiav txim siab kom tshem tawm lawv. Nws yooj yim dua rau kev ua neej raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus: ua raws li lawv hais, ua neej zoo li txhua tus thiab ua li cas! Dab tsi yog kev siv cov khib nyiab pov rau hauv cov thoob khib nyiab los ntawm kev tshawb fawb?

Nws hloov tawm hais tias rau ib tug kws tshawb fawb kwv tij los ua ib tug "kev kawm ntawv ruam" tawm ntawm ib tug neeg zoo tib yam yog ib daim ncuav mog qab zib. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, tus layman nws tus kheej dhau los ua ib tug passionate adherent ntawm kev tshawb fawb, npaj los tiv thaiv tus neeg dag no mus rau qhov kawg poob! Puas yog nws tsis yog kev ntseeg dawb huv, nrog nws pawg ntseeg thiab pab pawg tsis txaus ntseeg?

Lwm qhov piv txwv yog "kev saib xyuas kev saib xyuas" uas tsis tu ncua tshwm sim hauv ntau cov ntawv tshaj tawm kev kawm, suav ntawm peb qhov tsis txaus ntseeg. Haste, kev txhawj xeeb, tsis muaj peev xwm txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv ua rau peb hostages ntawm txhua hom kev dag. Yog tias phau ntawv txhais lus muaj ib lo lus "noun". ABZHA

Txawm li cas los xij, cov lus cog tseg tsis tuaj yeem pom ntawm qhov txuas no. Cov ntawv OBZHA tsuas yog tsis muaj nyob.

Nyob rau hauv tib phau ntawv txhais lus ntawm Lavxias teb sab pej xeem cov lus, koj muaj peev xwm nrhiav tau ntau yam txuas mus rau tej yam uas tsis yog-existent cov kev pab: Advasti, Addonok, Adnayo, Adynya, Azhegodno, Azoroda, Azyap, Algat, Alnishche, Alsa, Aste, Abanus, thiab lwm yam lus nrog lub pib "A", uas Lawv tsis tau txhais nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev, thiab cov ntaub ntawv muab rau lawv rau tib lo lus, tab sis nrog thawj "O", nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb tsis tuaj. Yog li, nws tsis tuaj yeem nrhiav lawv lub ntsiab lus.

Undoubtedly, muaj ib lub sij hawm thaum lub qhov ncauj hais lus ntawm peb cov poj koob yawm txwv tseem tsis tau graphically sau "rau ntawv". Cov neeg rau ntau pua thiab txhiab xyoo tau hais cov lus raws li lawv tau hais - los ntawm lub suab pib "A", kom txog rau thaum lub sijhawm hais lus, piv txwv li, tsis tau hnov los ntawm philologists thiab thaum kawg tsis tau sau tseg rau hauv cov phau ntawv loj, dhau los ua lub teb chaws tus qauv. Yuav ua li cas peb cov poj koob yawm txwv tau paub tias, tom qab ntau xyoo, kev sau ntawv, cov tsiaj ntawv, kev tshawb fawb ntawm philology lossis kev paub lus Askiv yuav tshwm sim? Lawv puas tuaj yeem pom tau tias cov neeg hais lus nyob rau xyoo 19th, rau qee yam, yuav txiav txim siab rov ua lawv cov xov tooj qub kom haum rau cov qauv sau ntawv tshiab? Lawv puas tau mob siab tias nyob rau xyoo 19th linguists hauv ntau lo lus Lavxias yuav sau thawj lub suab "A" txog "O"?

Txhawm rau ua kom tiav qhov tau hais, nws hloov tawm tias cov neeg hais lus Lavxias ib txwm muaj ntau cov lus pib nrog lub suab "A", thiab ib txwm nyiam hais cov lus zoo li no. ib-cov lus nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb dictionaries ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus. Feem coob ntawm cov neeg Lavxias, txawm tias ua ntej St. Cyril, tau hais ntau lo lus los ntawm "A": Aer, Aist, Ayda, Abet, Aboz, Agon, Arava … thiab tseem tshaj tawm mus txog niaj hnub no. Los ntawm kev siv zog ntawm linguists, ntau pua ntawm cov lus zoo li no tau ploj mus los ntawm cov lus, tab sis ploj mus tsuas yog hauv daim ntawv thiab hauv cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb uas lawv tsim. Hauv kev hais lus, cov lus no tau khaws cia. Ntau cov lus qub tau muaj sia nyob hauv kev sau ntawv. Tab sis cov kws tshawb fawb tsis nyiam xav txog lawv.

Yuav ua li cas peb tsis nco qab cov lus ntawm Lev Uspensky, nyob rau hauv lub hypnosis ntawm scientific tswv yim uas yuav luag txhua txhua Soviet neeg nyob rau ntau xyoo: nyiam "pib nws cov lus nrog xws li ib tug ntshiab", "tiag" "A". Thiab kev lag luam ntawm linguists tsis yog yuav tu siab rau qhov no, tab sis sim nrhiav seb yog vim li cas qhov no tshwm sim, yog vim li cas xws li ib tug centuries-laus tus cwj pwm tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov lus."

Ib tug tau txais kev tshoov siab tias, tsim cov phau ntawv "Cov Lus Hais Txog Lo Lus", tus kws sau ntawv lus tau nyob rau hauv hypnosis, es tsis txhob noj qab haus huv cov ntaub ntawv hais txog keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab lo lus, muab cov tub ntxhais hluas tiam tshiab dubious paub. Tus kws sau ntawv ntseeg, lossis ua piv txwv tias cov lus piav qhia yuav muaj ib hnub xav "sim nrhiav seb yog vim li cas ib puas xyoo dhau los tus cwj pwm ntawm kev zam lub suab pib "A" tau piav qhia hauv cov lus ntawm cov poj koob yawm txwv Lavxias thaum ub! Raws li cov lus xav tau!

Tej yam yooj yim logic qhia tias cov compilers ntawm Lavxias teb sab phau ntawv txhais lus tsis xav txog nws yuav tsum tau hais txawm cov thawj lo lus pib nrog "A" uas tau ciaj sia nyob rau hauv cov lus, tsis txhob hais txog cov outdated sawv daws yuav. Leej twg xav tau Avos, Akudnik lossis Alkat hnub no? Leej twg txhawj txog cov laus, cov niam txiv tsis txaus siab, los ntawm cov txiaj ntsig zoo li tshis mis nyuj? Los ntawm txoj kev banal silence, Soviet philology tau tshem ntawm cov nplua nuj Lavxias teb sab lus cuab yeej cuab tam. Democratised nyob rau hauv txoj kev no rov qab rau hauv lub xyoo pua 19th, Lavxias teb sab archaism tau poob rau hauv oblivion. Thiab lub zog tshiab Soviet, nrog nws cov lus tshaj tawm proletarian thiab tsis kam tso siab rau cov cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm lawv cov poj koob yawm txwv, tsuas yog ua rau cov txheej txheem no ua rau hnyav dua.

Txawm hais tias keeb kwm linguistics, muaj ntau lo lus "A" nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab lus. Txawm hais tias tsis suav nrog cov npe, cov npe tsim nyog, kev cuam tshuam thiab zoo sib xws "trifles", tseem muaj ntau tshaj li ob lub lis piam tag nrho cov lus Lavxias uas peb siv txhua hnub: Cawv ("Drunk", "dunkard", los ntawm lub qub Alkat), Greedy ("greedy"), Tej zaum ("Tej zaum", los ntawm qub. Avose), Alet (lwm Russian Al), Arius ("Tiller", metathesis los ntawm Ra/ Thaib), Lurid ("tasteless"), Txoj hlua hnab ("net"), Cov hauv paus ("Pib, foundation", los ntawm lub qub. Az), Ace ("Tus Tswv Zoo"; los ntawm Aza, qub Az) Ayda ("cia peb mus"), Raws li ("dab tsi"), Akat, Avkat ("kub"), Ahti ("Ntau", qub. Akhte), Amba ("qhov kawg"), Artel ("Squad", los ntawm qub. Rota, Orava), interjections: Aw uh huh, Ay, Aw huh, xa, Ale, Ay, Aby, ("Yog"), thiab lwm yam.

Cov lus nug tseem nyob.

Yuav ua li cas thiaj ua tau rau ntau, ntau xyoo los coj tag nrho lub zej zog ntawm cov neeg kawm ntawv los ntawm lub qhov ntswg? Leej twg thiab yog vim li cas thiaj li txawj ua si ntawm peb qhov kev tsis ntseeg, lees paub hauv kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov lus postulates uas cuam tshuam cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm, qhov tseeb? Thiab yog vim li cas peb tsis pom qhov "scientific bungling", puas yog peb sim txwv tsis pub nws? Peb yog leej twg nyob rau lub ntiaj teb no ploj lawm, tib neeg los yog hangers-on uas muaj nyob rau lub hom phiaj ntawm txhua feeb whims thiab pleasures?

Yog li nws hloov tawm hais tias nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom kos "qhov kawg lus xaus" hais txog lub ntim ntawm cov keeb kwm Lavxias teb sab lexicon nkaus xwb nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm lub pitiful crumbs ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus khaws cia nyob rau hauv niaj hnub dictionaries. Txog tam sim no, peb tsuas tuaj yeem tham txog qhov tshwm sim nruab nrab. Qhov no yog pov thawj tsis tau tsuas yog los ntawm thawj "A", uas linguists unceremoniously tsis kam muaj nyob, tab sis kuj los ntawm ib tug lossis loj txheej ntawm lwm yam lus nyob rau hauv peb cov lus. Ntau lo lus Lavxias zoo li tau ploj mus yav dhau los, tos rau lawv txoj hmoo kawg, thiab yog tias koj thiab kuv tsis kam ua siab ntev rau kev dag ntxias hauv kev tshawb fawb, ib hnub lawv yuav muaj tseeb sawv los ntawm faus tsis muaj nyob.