Ivan Efremov. Zaj dab neeg ntawm tus neeg pom zoo

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Muaj ntau ntau yam piv txwv ntawm cov kws sau ntawv keeb kwm science uas tau tso lawv lub cim rau kev tshawb fawb. Lawv yog biochemist Isaac Asimov, inventor Arthur Clarke, philosopher Stanislav Lem, geography Jules Verne. Tab sis kuv tuaj yeem hais li cas, tus tsim ntawm hom, Herbert Wells, nws tus kheej yog tus kws kho mob biology. Tab sis Ivan Antonovich Efremov (1908-1972) occupies ib tug tshwj xeeb qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub pab pawg neeg no.

Lub hwj chim ntawm cov niam txiv ntawm nws tsim yog me me, lub ntsiab impetus rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tus cwj pwm yog muab los ntawm cov phau ntawv. Nws txiv, ib haiv neeg ntawm Trans-Volga Old Believer peasants, yog ib tug txiv neej siab thiab muaj zog, nws mus dais ib hmuv. Raws li cov tub lag luam, nws tau koom nrog kev lag luam ntoo thiab muaj qib ntawm tus kws pab tswv yim. Leej txiv muaj lub siab tawv, nyob rau hauv lawv lub vaj es tsis txhob ntawm ib tug dev, ib tug dais ntes tau nyob rau hauv lub hav zoov khiav raws ib tug hlau. Lub hauv paus yog ib txwm nyob hauv tsev neeg, nws niam feem ntau koom nrog nws tus tij laug Vasily, Ivan loj hlob ntawm nws tus kheej.

Nws kawm nyeem ntawv ntxov, thiab thaum nws muaj rau xyoo nws twb paub nws txiv lub tsev qiv ntawv. Jules Verne, Haggard, Roney Sr., Conan Doyle, Jack London thiab HG Wells yog "tus txiv neej lub teeb" rau cov hluas romantic.

Thaum lub sij hawm lub kiv puag ncig, cov niam txiv sib nrauj, thiab cov niam thiab cov me nyuam tsiv mus rau Kherson, tau sib yuav tus thawj coj ntawm Red Army.

Cov me nyuam tseem nyob hauv kev saib xyuas ntawm ib tug txheeb ze, tab sis tsis ntev nws tuag ntawm typhus. Kev saib xyuas ntxiv "txog cov tub ntxhais hluas Soviet tiam" raug coj los ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Kawm Pej Xeem, thiab tom qab ntawd Ivan koom nrog 2 tus sau ntawm 6th Army.

Ib zaug, thaum lub sij hawm foob pob ntawm Ochakov, lub plhaub dawb Guard poob ze heev, muaj ntau tus neeg tua. Ivan raug concussed los ntawm lub moj tej tawg nthwv dej thiab npog nrog xuab zeb. Ib tug me ntsis stuttering tseem nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd ntawm nws lub neej, yog li ntawd nws tsis yog ib tug heev tham thiab ib tug xib fwb uas tsis tau qhia systematically.

Nyob rau hauv tus sau, Ivan Efremov kawm cov cuab yeej ntawm lub tsheb mus rau lub subtleties, thiab kawm tsav nws. Ob leeg yuav muaj txiaj ntsig hauv nws lub neej yav tom ntej, thiab nws txoj kev mob siab rau lub tsheb yuav nyob twj ywm rau lub neej.

Tom qab ua tsov ua rog, lawv ib feem raug disbanded, thiab nws, demobilized, mus rau Petrograd. Thaum xub thawj nws tau koom nrog kev thauj cov ntoo thiab cov cav ntoo los ntawm cov tsheb thauj mus los thiab cov cav ntoo. Tom qab ntawd nws ua haujlwm ua tus tsav tsheb thiab kws kho tsheb, thiab tom qab ntawd nkag mus kawm ntawv. Ntawm no nws tau rov npog nrog kev mob siab rau kev nyeem ntawv. Nws nyeem ua haujlwm ntawm txoj kev xav ntawm evolution.

Ntawm cov phau ntawv ntawm biology, taug txuj kev nyuaj thiab kev tshawb fawb nws tuaj hla ib tsab xov xwm los ntawm zoologist Pyotr Petrovich Sushkin "Evolution of terrestrial vertebrates thiab lub luag hauj lwm ntawm geological kev hloov nyob rau hauv kev nyab xeeb." Tawm ntawm kev xav ntau dhau, nws tau sau ib tsab ntawv mus rau tus kws tshaj lij. Cov lus teb tuaj nrog lub tswv yim kom ntsib. Feem ntau ntawm kev sib tham nrog tus kws tshawb fawb tau tshwm sim hauv tsev cia puav pheej. Ivan pom thawj zaug ib tug cam khwb cia ntawm lub cev pob txha ntawm ib tug diplodocus, lub cev pob txha ntawm indricotherium thiab ntau yam ntxiv, uas loj txiav txim siab nws ntxiv mus rau science.

Txawm li cas los xij, lub sijhawm rau archives thiab scientific symposia saturated nrog phau ntawv plua plav tseem tsis tau los rau nws - nqhis dej rau kev mus ncig ua rau nws tus xov tooj hu. Nyob rau hauv 1923, tus tub hluas tau xeem dhau qhov kev xeem rau cov co-pilot ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv voyages nyob rau hauv lub Petrograd nautical chav kawm, thiab lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav tom ntej no mus rau Far East, ntiav neeg tsav nkoj ntawm lub motor-sailing nkoj "III International".

Kev xaiv qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev mus ncig thiab kev tshawb fawb tsis yooj yim.

Ivan tab tom nrhiav rau nws tus kheej txoj kev thiab, txhawm rau daws cov kev tsis ntseeg uas ua rau nws nyuaj siab, txiav txim siab tham nrog nws tus thawj coj Lukhmanov, uas kuj yog tus sau cov dab neeg ntawm hiav txwv.

"Peb zaum ntawm nws lub tsev ntawm Kab thib rau, haus tshuaj yej nrog jam," Ivan Antonovich nco qab. - Kuv hais, nws mloog. Kuv mloog zoo mloog, tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam, koj paub, qhov no yog ib qho khoom plig zoo heev - kom tau mloog! - Ces nws hais tias: "Mus, Ivan, mus rau science! Thiab lub hiav txwv, kwv tij … zoo, koj yuav tsis hnov qab nws lawm. Hiav txwv ntsev tau noj rau hauv koj."

Raws li kev pom zoo ntawm Sushkin, Ivan Efremov nkag mus rau Biological Department ntawm Physics thiab Mathematics Kws qhia ntawv ntawm Leningrad University. Kev mob siab rau kev mus ncig tau muaj cov ntsiab lus tshiab, tam sim no nws yog kev tshawb fawb loj. Nws yuav tsum mus xyuas Central Asia, hiav txwv Caspian, Far East, qhov loj ntawm Siberia, Mongolia. Nws qhov kev xav ntawm Far Eastern thiab Caspian maritime impressions xyoo tom qab ntawd tau tshwm sim hauv cov dab neeg.

Cov ntawv luam tawm hauv cov ntawv xov xwm tshawb fawb, tshawb rau Early Triassic labyrinthodonts nyob rau hauv ntug dej hiav txwv-marine sediments … Efremov maj mam dhau los ua ib tus kws tshawb fawb zoo, nws txoj kev xav tsis nres ib pliag, thiab tsis muaj sijhawm txaus rau txhua yam. Thaum rov qab mus rau Leningrad, kev tshawb fawb tau ntxiv rau kev ua haujlwm li niaj zaus ntawm tus neeg npaj. Ivan Antonovich luam tawm thawj tsab xov xwm tshawb fawb hauv Kev Ua Haujlwm ntawm Geological Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm USSR Academy of Sciences.

Nws yog txoj haujlwm no uas tau tso lub hauv paus rau yav tom ntej taphonomy. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, Ivan Antonovich nrhiav tau ib tug kiag li tshiab ceg ntawm paleontological science.

Nyob rau hauv 1928, Peter Sushkin tuag, thiab labyrintodont los ntawm Sharzhengi - thawj taxon piav los ntawm Efremov - yog lub npe hu ua Bentosaurus sushkini Efremov.

Ib xyoos tom qab, tom qab tau paub txog cov hauv paus ntawm keeb kwm geology thiab geotectonics, Ivan Antonovich tau hais tias cov dej hiav txwv dej hiav txwv, zoo li cov teb chaws, muaj kev ntxhov siab. Seamounts tsis muaj txheej tuab ntawm cov sediments thiab lawv cov magmatic hauv qab daus yog muaj rau kev kawm. Tsab ntawv raug xa mus rau "Geologische Rundschau" thiab txawm hais tias nws tau txais kev tshuaj xyuas hnyav, lub sijhawm tau qhia tias Efremov yog txoj cai kawg.

Lub industrialization ntawm lub teb chaws yuav tsum tau tshiab qhov chaw ntawm raw khoom. Tsis ntev Ivan Antonovich tau coj ib pab neeg tshawb fawb geological los kawm txog Kargalinskiy cov pob zeb sandstones. Nws yog ib lub sij hawm ntawm tsub zuj zuj ntawm paleontological thiab geological kev. Nyob rau hauv 1931 nws yog lub taub hau ntawm ib tug detachment ntawm lub Nizhne-Amur geological ntoj ke mus kawm ntawm lub Academy ntawm Sciences ntawm lub USSR. Los ntawm Khabarovsk, lub detachment tau nqis los ntawm steamer mus rau tej thaj chaw deb taiga lub zos Perm, soj ntsuam lub hav thiab lub qhov ncauj ntawm tus dej Gorin (los yog Goryun) thiab cheeb tsam ntawm lub pas dej Evoron. Tom qab ib pliag, kev tsim kho ntawm Komsomolsk-on-Amur pib ntawm qhov chaw no.

Tom qab ntawd, Ivan Efremov ua haujlwm ntawm ntu ntawm Olekma mus rau lub zos Tynda. Kev ntoj ke mus ncua tau ncua thaum pib. Yog li ntawd, 600 kilometers ntawm txoj kev los ntawm lub roob thiab taiga yuav tsum tau tsiv mus nyob rau qhov siab tshaj plaws ceev. Qhov thib peb kawg ntawm txoj kev, Efremov thiab nws cov phooj ywg taug kev los ntawm cov daus sib sib zog nqus, thiab cov te muaj zog, mus txog -40 degrees. Ib feem ntawm BAM tau muab tso rau hauv txoj kev no.

Raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm ob lub caij ua haujlwm, tsab xov xwm "Los ntawm Aldan mus rau Upper Chara" tau sau thiab sau ib daim ntawv qhia geological. Tom qab ntawd, ib daim ntawv qhia ntawm qhov nyuaj-rau-mus txog qhov no tau siv los sau ua ib tug loj Soviet "Atlas of the World".

Lub caij ntawm 1932 thiab 1934 undermined Ivan Antonovich txoj kev noj qab haus huv. Tab sis cov kev paub tau txais nyob rau hauv geological ntoj ke mus kawm, tsis tsuas yog scientific, tab sis kuj lub neej, qhib lub qhov rooj rau cov ntaub ntawv rau nws.

Nws yog nyob ntawd tias cov phiaj xwm feem ntau ntawm nws cov dab neeg thaum ntxov tau yug los. Raws li Yefremov nws tus kheej tau hais tias, "Loach Podlunny yog qhov xwm txheej thiab cov lus piav qhia tseeb ntawm ib qho ntawm kuv qhov kev mus ncig Siberian."

Tom qab ntawd nws tau sau tias: “Kaum ob xyoos tom qab nws tau sau, peb lub pob zeb diamond los ntawm thawj cov mined hauv cov yeeb nkab tso rau ntawm lub rooj sau ntawv uas zaj dab neeg tau sau, txawm li cas los xij, mus rau sab qab teb ntawm qhov chaw ntawm Pob Zeb Diamond Pipe, tab sis raws nraim hauv tib qhov chaw geological raws li tau piav qhia hauv zaj dab neeg.

"Cov tub ceev xwm" txawm hais rau Ivan Antonovich, lawv hais tias, nws paub thiab nyob ntsiag to, thiab los ntawm ib tug qhib xovxwm tshaj tawm lub xeev zais cia. Tab sis Efremov, uas tsis tau ua ib tug tswv cuab ntawm CPSU, tsis ntshai ntawm "cov neeg muaj peev xwm". Dab tsi yog qhov "tswj muaj peev xwm" rau nws, yog tias thaum tsov rog, saib xyuas kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov cuab yeej cuab tam tshawb fawb, nws tau sau ntawv rau Stalin nws tus kheej.

Tsab ntawv tau hais txog qhov tsis muaj nuj nqis ntawm cov khoom sau, uas yog kev txaus siab ntawm Soviet science, qhov xav tau rau lawv qhov kev xa mus sai rau lub rooj sib tham geological. Ntxiv rau Ivan Antonovich, tsab ntawv tau kos npe los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij. Thiab yog li ntawd, Mineralogical Tsev khaws puav pheej tau txais ib chav ib txwm, haum rau qhov kev ua haujlwm zoo li no ntawm kev ua haujlwm.

Kev kwv yees qhov chaw ntawm kimberlite kav nrog pob zeb diamond tsis yog qhov kev pom ntawm Efremov nkaus xwb.

Nws kwv yees qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm ib qho loj deposit ntawm mercury ores nyob rau yav qab teb Altai nyob rau hauv zaj dab neeg "Lub pas dej ntawm lub roob Ntsuj Plig"; muab lub tswvyim ntawm holography nyob rau hauv zaj dab neeg "duab ntxoov ntxoo ntawm yav dhau los"; xav txog qhov peculiarities ntawm tus cwj pwm ntawm cov kua muaju nyob rau hauv zaj dab neeg "Fakaofo Atoll"; tau piav txog peb-dimensional TV nrog lub parabolic concave screen nyob rau hauv Andromeda Nebula, tham txog ib tug exoskeleton ("dhia skeleton") uas tso cai rau tib neeg kom kov yeej ntau gravitational attraction, thiab tham txog ib tug microcybernetic kho cuab yeej nqos los ntawm cov neeg mob. Nrog rau zaj dab neeg ntawm Cutty Sark, nws cuam tshuam txoj hmoo ntawm lub nkoj nto moo British sailing, tam sim no rov qab los ntawm cov neeg nyiam thiab sawv ntawm ntug dej ntawm Thames.

Ntau yam ntawm Efremov cov kev txawj ntse tuaj yeem khib los ntawm "cov thawj coj ua tau zoo" tam sim no. Nyob rau hauv "Lub Razor's Hniav" Efremov taw qhia: "Tus thawj coj yog tus uas, nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm nyuaj, tsis yog nyob rau hauv ib tug sib npaug footing, tab sis ua ntej ntawm txhua leej txhua tus. Thawj lub xub pwg hauv qab lub tsheb daig yog tus thawj coj, thawj lub nkoj mus rau hauv dej khov yog tus thawj coj, thawj lub nkoj hla qhov chaw pib yog tus thawj coj, yog li ntawd nws thiab tus thawj coj, vim kev txawj ntse, kev ua siab loj, lub zog, kev noj qab haus huv tso cai rau koj ua. ua ntej. Thiab yog tias lawv tsis tso cai, tsis muaj dab tsi ua."

Efremov muaj cov thwj tim thiab cov thwjtim, ib txhia ntawm lawv tom qab los ua cov kws tshawb fawb tseem ceeb. Tus kws tshawb fawb nws tus kheej tsis muaj sijhawm los sau Ph. D., tab sis raws li tag nrho ntawm nws cov haujlwm nws tau txais txiaj ntsig kev tshawb fawb ntawm Cov Neeg Sib Tw ntawm Biological Sciences.

Thiab dua kev ntoj ke mus kawm thiab kev tshawb fawb, thiab txawm hais tias nws txoj kev noj qab haus huv tau raug cuam tshuam los ntawm ntau "tsis zoo", kev tshawb fawb tseem yog nws lub hnub qub coj.

Nyob rau hauv lub Peb Hlis 1941, Efremov tiv thaiv nws tus kws kho mob dissertation ntawm lub ntsiab lus "Fauna ntawm terrestrial vertebrates nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ib ncig ntawm lub Permian ntawm lub USSR." Lub voj voog ntawm kev ua haujlwm tau cim ib theem tshiab hauv kev loj hlob ntawm paleontology hauv Russia.

Thaum tsov rog pib, Efremov hais kom mus rau pem hauv ntej, tab sis nws raug xa mus rau lub tsev hauv paus rau kev khiav tawm ntawm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub koom haum Paleontological.

Rov qab los ntawm lwm qhov kev ntoj ke mus ncig, nws tau mob kub taub hau. Xyoo 1942, cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm tus PIN tau tsiv tawm ntawm Sverdlovsk mus rau Alma-Ata. Efremov tus npaws rov tshwm sim. Thaum nws muaj mob, nws pib sau thawj zaj dab neeg.

Thaum ntxov xyoo 1943, Efremov mus txog lub nroog Frunze, qhov chaw uas nws yuav tsum tau mus txuas ntxiv nws txoj haujlwm tshawb fawb. Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo nws twb muab tsub lub title ntawm xib fwb ntawm paleontology.

Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg lig, Ivan Antonovich, uas yog ib feem ntawm lub re-evacuation lub tsev hauv paus ntawm lub Academy ntawm Sciences ntawm lub USSR, rov qab mus rau Moscow. Nws rov qab tsis tau tsuas yog raws li ib tug paleontologist, tab sis kuj raws li ib tug kws sau ntawv. Nws coj nrog nws "Kev Sib Tham dhau Tuscarora", "Hellenic Secret", "Txoj Kev ntawm Qub Miners" thiab txawm tias "Olgoi-Horhoy", txawm hais tias lub sijhawm ntawd nws tseem tsis tau mus rau Mongolia. Xyoo tom ntej, tag nrho cov no, tshwj tsis yog rau "Hellenic Secret", yuav tsum luam tawm nyob rau hauv lub "Lub Ntiaj Teb Tshiab", nyob rau hauv lub voj voog "Tales ntawm Extraordinary".

Nyob rau hauv Mongolian Gobi, nyob rau hauv lub hmo ntuj ntshiab, lub tswv yim ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej cosmic yog yug los. Txog Lub Nplhaib Loj ntawm lub ntiaj teb ntawm Lub Ntiaj Teb thiab hais txog qhov zoo nkauj, "insatiable nyob rau hauv heroic deeds" neeg.

Cov ntawv tshiab "The Andromeda Nebula" tau luam tawm xyoo 1957 thiab txiav txim siab txoj kev ua neej ntawm ntau tus neeg - los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm lwm txoj kev qhia rau cov neeg caij nkoj.

Lub neej yav tom ntej tau piav nyob rau hauv phau ntawv yog heev communist los ntawm cov qauv - tsawg kawg yog tsis muaj cov khoom ntiag tug, kev ua lag luam thiab cov thawj coj tshaj lij. Tab sis nws txawv heev los ntawm feem ntau lees txais cov qauv tsim. Efremov tau yooj yim qhia tau tias muaj lub ntiaj teb uas tib neeg muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua li "tau txais nyiaj" lossis "pom zoo rau tog cov cai."

Alexey Tolstoy yog thawj zaug pom cov dab neeg ntawm Ivan Efremov: "Yuav ua li cas koj tswj kom tsim tau ib tug elegant thiab txias style?"Qhov kev xav ntawm Alexei Nikolaevich tso cai rau nws kom pom qhov kev nkag siab ntawm cov lus, "uas loj hlob tsis yog los ntawm cov chav kawm hauv kev sau ntawv, tab sis txij li thaum yau thiab lub embodiment ntawm nws cov ntsiab lus los ntawm kev nyuaj thiab ua haujlwm ntawm nws tus kheej."

Lub Union of Writers ntawm lub USSR xaiv Ivan Antonovich ua nws cov tswv cuab. Nov yog tib lub sijhawm hauv keeb kwm tom qab tsov rog ntawm Cov Neeg Sau Ntawv 'Union thaum qhov kev xaiv tsa tau tshwm sim yam tsis muaj cov lus qhia ua ntej thiab cov lus pom zoo. Tolstoy txoj kev xav tau ua lub luag haujlwm txiav txim siab ntawm no.

Tib lub sijhawm, nws tsis tso nws txoj kev kawm hauv kev tshawb fawb. Rau kev tshawb fawb paleontological hauv Mongolia, nws tau txais tsib zaug los ntawm Presidium ntawm USSR Academy of Sciences.

Tab sis nws yeej tsis mus ua hauj lwm teb lawm. Nws txoj haujlwm paleontological ntawm lub sijhawm tom qab tsov rog "Lub fauna ntawm terrestrial vertebrates nyob rau hauv Permian cuprous sandstones ntawm Western Urals" summed li paleontological thiab geological kev tshawb fawb rau ntau tshaj 100 xyoo.

Tom qab luam tawm ib phau ntawv hais txog cuprous sandstones, Ivan Antonovich teem mus ua hauj lwm "Txoj kev ntawm cua", hais txog lub Mongolian ntoj ke mus kawm ntawm lub Academy ntawm Sciences ntawm lub USSR - lub feem ntau autobiographical ua hauj lwm. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv nws tag nrho cov heroes raug hu los ntawm lawv cov npe kom raug. Ua kom tiav ib phau ntawv hais txog Mongolia, nws tau muab ib phau ntawv tshiab. "Lub Antromeda Nebula" tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv ib daim ntawv abridged nyob rau hauv phau ntawv journal "Technics for Youth", thiab ces raws li ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib phau ntawv. Qhov no yog nws nto moo tshaj plaws, luam tawm thiab ob zaug-filed phau ntawv - txog 1987 nws tau luam tawm 83 zaug hauv 36 yam lus.

Tus kab mob uas kho tsis tau ua rau kuv suav lub sij hawm cia li ntawm feeb. Txhua phau ntawv uas Ivan Antonovich ua haujlwm rau zoo li nws kawg.

Kaum peb xyoos tom qab luam tawm ntawm Andromeda Nebula, Efremov tau sau nws cov sequel, dystopia, Lub Sijhawm Bull.

Phau ntawv no tsuas yog txwv tsis pub: tsis ntev tom qab tshaj tawm cov ntawv tshiab hauv xyoo 1968-69, muaj ib daim ntawv rau CPSU Central Committee kos npe los ntawm KGB tus thawj coj Andropov nrog kev daws teeb meem los ntawm Suslov - rau lub rooj sib tham tshwj xeeb ntawm Pawg Thawj Coj ntawm Pawg Thawj Coj. Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 12, 1970. Phau ntawv raug rho tawm ntawm txhua lub tsev qiv ntawv thiab khw.

Lub siab tshaj plaws ideologues ntawm lub USSR perceived lub tshiab raws li "kev hais lus phem tawm tsam Soviet kev muaj tiag."

Tom qab "Hour of the Bull" Efremov tau sau keeb kwm thiab kev xav tshiab "Tais ntawm Athens", tau mob siab rau nws tus phooj ywg thiab tus poj niam Taisiya Iosifovna.

Thiab thaum kawg ntawm nws lub neej, tus kws sau ntawv pib ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub tshiab "Lub tais ntawm tshuaj lom". Raws li Vernadsky lub tswv yim ntawm noosphere, nws xav taug qab txoj hauv kev ntawm "kev lom" kev nco qab ntawm tib neeg thiab noob neej. Efremov piav hais tias "Kuv xav hais tias yuav tsum tau ua dab tsi los ntxuav lub ntiaj teb noosphere, tshuaj lom los ntawm kev tsis paub, kev ntxub ntxaug, kev ntshai, kev tsis ntseeg, qhia tias yuav tsum tau ua dab tsi txhawm rau txhawm rau rhuav tshem tag nrho cov phantoms uas ua phem rau tib neeg. xwm, rhuav nws lub siab thiab yuav."

Ivan Efremov tuag ntawm lub plawv tsis ua hauj lwm thaum lub Kaum Hlis 5, 1972. Nws tsis nyob kom pom qhov kawg ntawm kev tshaj tawm cov ntawv tshiab "Thais ntawm Athens". Ib hlis tom qab nws tuag, kev tshawb nrhiav tau tshwm sim hauv nws lub tsev. Raws li tus kws sau ntawv tus poj niam, kev tshawb nrhiav yuav luag ib hnub, thiab cov tub ceev xwm ntawm KGB Lub Tsev Haujlwm tau ua nws kom pom "cov ntaub ntawv tsim kev puas tsuaj." Nws tsuas yog ua tsaug rau kev txiav txim siab ntawm nws tus poj niam tias "cov kws tshaj lij" tsis qhib lub qhov cub. nrog Ivan Antonovich lub tshauv, uas tseem tsis tau faus thiab nyob rau hauv lub tsev apartment.

Hauv kev sib tham nrog tus kws sau ntawv tus poj ntsuam, tus neeg tshawb nrhiav tshwj xeeb tshaj yog xav txog dab tsi yog qhov raug mob ntawm nws tus txiv lub cev, thiab "nug txhua yam: txij hnub yug mus txog rau kev tuag." Thiab tus kws lij choj lub chaw haujlwm nug seb nws tau paub Efremov tau pes tsawg xyoo. Thaum nug ncaj qha tias tus kws sau ntawv raug liam li cas, tus tub ceev xwm KGB teb tias: "Tsis muaj dab tsi, nws twb tuag lawm."

Tsuas yog xyoo 1989 nws tuaj yeem tau txais cov lus teb sau los ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Tshawb Fawb ntawm Moscow KGB Tus Thawj Coj rau kev nug txog cov laj thawj rau kev tshawb fawb los ntawm Efremov. Nws hloov tawm tias qhov kev tshawb nrhiav, nrog rau "qee qhov kev tshawb nrhiav" tau ua "nyob rau hauv kev sib txuas nrog kev tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm nws txoj kev tuag hnyav. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov kev ua no, cov kev xav tsis thoob tsis tau lees paub." Txawm li cas los xij, muab cov huab cua nyob rau lub sijhawm, nws yooj yim to taub tias qhov kev tshawb nrhiav tau ua tiav "sib npaug."Lub caij no, kev tshawb fawb tau muaj qhov tsis zoo heev. Ib daim ntawv sau tsib-ntim ntawm cov haujlwm tau kos npe rau kev tshaj tawm raug pov tawm ntawm kev tshaj tawm txoj haujlwm, Lub Sijhawm Bull raug tshem tawm ntawm cov tsev qiv ntawv, thiab lub npe ntawm cov ntawv tshiab tau ploj mus ntev. Nws tshwm sim thiab tau muab rov qab tsuas yog 20 xyoo tom qab. Lub npe Efremov raug tshem tawm los ntawm cov npe ntawm cov haujlwm tshawb fawb. Nyob rau hauv cov ntawv luam tawm cov ntawv tshaj tawm rau XX lub rooj sib tham ntawm All-Union Paleontological Society mob siab rau taphonomy, nws lub npe, tus tsim ntawm tag nrho cov kev taw qhia kev tshawb fawb, raug tshem tawm. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov phooj ywg qub tau poob qis heev. Cov kws sau ntawv kuj tau tso tseg cov neeg uas niaj hnub nyiam nws kev tos txais thiab kos npe rau lawv cov phau ntawv: "Rau tus kws qhia ntawv Ivan Antonovich …". Thiab tsuas yog ib tug kws sau ntawv - Kazantsev sawv rau nws tus phooj ywg thiab xa ib tsab ntawv mus rau Central Committee ntawm CPSU.

Tab sis Efremov tsis yog tsuas yog ib tug kws tshawb fawb, tab sis kuj yog ib tug pom. Nws txoj kev nkag siab txog kev loj hlob ntawm kev vam meej tsis muaj qhov tseem ceeb tshaj li nws cov kev tshawb fawb tshwj xeeb, uas tau ua ntej ntawm lawv lub sijhawm.

Nws tsis yog rau tsis muaj dab tsi uas nws tau ceeb toom txog kev tswj hwm ntawm kev ua haujlwm monoculture, thiab nws tsis yog rau tsis muaj dab tsi uas nws tau sim nrhiav txoj hauv kev los ntxuav cov ntaub ntawv chaw, uas cuam tshuam cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm tus kheej microcosm thiab noosphere raws li ib tug neeg. tag nrho. Nws tsim lub tswv yim futuristic rau lub neej yav tom ntej ntawm tib neeg. Niaj hnub no Efremov tau muab tso rau ntawm qhov sib npaug nrog cov kws tshawb fawb thiab cov kws tshawb fawb zoo, muab piv rau nws tus kheej nrog Plato, Thomas More, Lomonosov.

Lub urn nrog cov tshauv ntawm Efremov raug faus nyob ze Leningrad, nyob rau hauv Komarovo. Lub slab ntawm tsaus basalt yog topped nrog ib tug labradorite polyhedron. Qee lub sij hawm, ib qho khoom ua si dinosaur tshwm ntawm cov paj uas tau coj mus rau qhov ntxa ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb, kws sau ntawv thiab tus kws sau ntawv keeb kwm …