Puas yog Voronezh thaj chaw sab hnub poob ntawm Tartary?

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Peb puas paub txhua yam txog keeb kwm ntawm peb lub nroog "Central Russian"? Lawv tau tsim thiab tsim los ntawm leej twg thiab thaum twg? Puas yog txhua yam tsis meej thiab pob tshab hauv qhov teeb meem no, raws li tau piav qhia hauv cov phau ntawv thiab cov ntawv xov xwm?

Kuv paub tseeb tias cov neeg nyeem niaj hnub ntawm "Kramola" twb paub zoo txog dab tsi Tartaria (los yog "Tarkh-Tariya") yog thiab qhov twg nws nyob. Muaj ntau qhov theoretical thiab cov kev tshawb fawb tseem ceeb ntawm cov ncauj lus no tau tshwm sim nyob rau ob peb xyoos dhau los. Lub network "taug kev" ntau cov duab ntawm txawv teb chaws maps ntawm txawv lub sij hawm, nyob rau hauv uas tus ciam teb ntawm Tartary thiab cov npe ntawm cov chaw nyob yog cim. Qhov tseeb ntawm qee daim npav no, txiav txim los ntawm kev sib tham, qee zaum raug hu mus rau lo lus nug. Tab sis txawm hais tias muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb hauv tsev so cov ntsiab lus, tej zaum txawm tias cov neeg tsis ntseeg siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm (Scaligerian) keeb kwm kev tshawb fawb yuav tsis lees paub qhov tseeb tias ntau cov ntawv qhia "Western" tseem muaj sia nyob thiab lwm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm 15-18th centuries unambiguously muaj cov ntaub ntawv hais txog. lub teb chaws (xeev) tsim hu ua Tartary.

Raws li ib tug neeg uas tsis quav ntsej txog keeb kwm ntawm nws cov neeg, kuv sim ua kom paub txog feem ntau ntawm ntau yam ntaub ntawv thiab cov ntawv tshaj tawm (ib txwm siv thiab lwm yam) ntawm keeb kwm ntawm Russia. Hauv qhov no, kuv tau nyeem ntau cov lus hais txog kev kawm ntawm Tartary, sau qee cov ntawv qhia txog Tartary muaj nyob hauv Is Taws Nem. Maps, raws li kev xyaum tsuas yog muaj cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, ib txwm nyiam kuv thawj qhov chaw.

Ob peb lub hlis dhau los, kuv tau luam tawm ob peb daim ntawv qhia muaj yeeb yuj tshaj plaws (xim) ntawm Tartary hauv A3 hom (Tebchaws Europe maps ntawm 1684 thiab 1706) thiab dai lawv rau hauv thav ntawv ntawm phab ntsa pem hauv ntej ntawm kuv lub rooj kom cuam tshuam kuv tus kheej ntawm kev niaj hnub thiab tshuaj xyuas cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov duab thaum so.

Ib zaug, nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm xws li "so", kuv pom ib tug nthuav feature: sab hnub poob ciam teb ntawm Tartary (thiab, raws li, sab hnub tuaj los yog sab hnub tuaj ciam teb ntawm Muscovy) khiav kwv yees li ntawm txoj kab ntawm tus dej. Don (Tanais) thiab nyob rau hauv daim ntawv qhia ntawm 1706 kuv hometown Voronezh yog cim raws li "borderline", thiab txiav txim los ntawm cov xim ntawm sau, nws yog "nyob rau hauv lub protectorate" ntawm Tartaria. Kuv tsis 100% paub tseeb tias kuv cov lus txiav txim yog lawm, vim los ntawm qhov pom ntawm geodesy, daim ntawv qhia qub tsis yog ib txwm sib haum rau "lub cev" kev muaj tiag, thiab qhov tseeb ciam teb tuaj yeem hloov los ntawm kaum lossis ntau pua mais, cuam tshuam rau lwm qhov chaw.

Hauv qab no yog ob feem ntawm daim duab qhia chaw uas ua rau kuv xav tias:

Ua raws li cov kev soj ntsuam saum toj no ua lub hauv paus thiab paub txog qhov ua yuam kev ntawm daim duab qhia chaw ntawm lub sijhawm sib txawv, kuv xav tias qhov chaw ntawm Voronezh nyob rau sab laug ntug dej ntawm Don (thiab sab xis ntug dej ntawm Voronezh), piv txwv li. nyob rau hauv lub ntuj geological ciam teb ntawm cheeb tsam yuav txiav txim nws ciam teb xwm txheej ntawm Tartary thiab Muscovy. Cov lus nug ntawm subordination ntawm lub nroog tseem qhib. Puas yog Voronezh yog thaj chaw sab hnub poob ntawm Tartary? Txhawm rau teb cov lus nug no, kuv tau pib rov nco txog keeb kwm ntawm lub nroog thiab nrhiav cov phiaj xwm qub-daim duab qhia kev loj hlob hauv nroog.

Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm "keeb kwm thiab geodetic" kev tshawb fawb, kuv pom ib co kev piav qhia rau lub spatial configuration ntawm Voronezh nyob rau hauv lub 16-18 centuries, uas tso cai rau peb to taub lub logic ntawm cov poj koob yawm txwv thaum lub sij hawm tsim kho ntawm lub nroog.

Yog li cov ntsiab lus:

Hmoov tsis zoo, kuv tseem tsis tau muaj peev xwm nrhiav tau cov phiaj xwm txhim khu kev qha ntawm lub nroog laus dua li xyoo pua 17th. Tab sis cov reproductions (redrawings) ntawm cov kev npaj rau Voronezh uas muaj nyob rau hauv lub network, nyob rau hauv kuv lub tswv yim, yog txaus los tsim ib lub tswv yim ntawm cov duab thiab loj ntawm lub tsev nyob rau hauv lub qub qhov chaw ntawm lub nroog. Hauv qab no yog ib qho ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm lub nroog txoj kev npaj (kwv yees thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th).

Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom hauv daim duab saum toj no, lub nroog muaj lub hauv paus fortress surrounded los ntawm phab ntsa thiab peripheral vaj tse thiab cov vaj tse. Sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj thiab sab hnub poob ciam teb ntawm Voronezh dhau los ntawm ib puag ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb kev sib txuas ntawm gullies thiab ravines loj, uas ua rau lub nroog nyuaj rau kev nkag los ntawm cov lus qhia no. Sab hnub tuaj xaus nrog tus dej ntug dej. Cov ciam teb sab hnub poob thiab sab qaum teb sab hnub poob, txiav txim siab los ntawm txoj kev npaj thiab cov seem ntawm cov fortifications (cov seem ntawm lub nroog ciam teb sab nrauv), uas tau muaj sia nyob rau niaj hnub no, dhau los ntawm txoj kab ntawm lub ntuj tsim (lossis dag?) Geological tsim. - ib tug me me radial girder (los yog ditch) enveloping lub nroog los ntawm sab qaum teb mus rau sab hnub poob.

Yog tias koj sim rov tsim kho thaj tsam ntawm lub nroog ntawm lub hauv paus txhim khu kev qha (ntawm satellite duab), ces, hauv kuv lub tswv yim, nws yuav zoo li no:

Cov kab liab qhia txog qhov kev xav tias qhov siab tshaj plaws ciam teb ntawm txoj kev loj hlob tseem ceeb. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, los ntawm sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj thiab sab qab teb sab hnub poob (kev taw qhia yog cim nrog xiav xub), feem ntau yuav, gullies thiab ravines tau txais kev tiv thaiv ntuj. Nws yog tau hais tias ob peb centuries dhau los lub perimeter ntawm lub nroog kuj raug txwv los ntawm cov hav zoov, los ntawm uas lub Shilovsky hav zoov thiab lub Nagornaya ntoo qhib hav zoov tam sim no nyob. Tag nrho cov no ua ke tiv thaiv txoj kev qhib rau lub nroog los ntawm cov lus qhia saum toj no.

Sab qaum teb sab hnub poob ciam teb (conventionally cim nyob rau hauv ntsuab) yog, thaj, thawj kab ntawm kev tiv thaiv - ib tug kwj dej thiab tejzaum nws yog ib tug phab ntsa, raws li zoo raws li ib tug checkpoint nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib lub nroog outpost.

Txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau tam sim no tau muab tso rau ntawm qhov seem ntawm qhov chaw tiv thaiv (nws tuaj yeem pom ntawm daim duab satellite). Nws muaj peev xwm hais tias thaum lub sij hawm kev tsim kho ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau, ib co ntu tau hloov kho (sau los yog txiav tawm), tab sis kuv xav txog qhov kev xav ntawm lub xub ntiag ntawm ib tug defensive ditch ua ntej nyob rau hauv qhov chaw zoo heev. Hauv daim duab los ntawm Yandex, koj tuaj yeem pom "profile" ntawm cov chaw uas txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau (= ua ntej lub kwj deg) hauv cov ntsiab lus sib txawv ntawm lub nroog.

Raws li rau lub outpost (ie checkpoint) ntawm lub nroog … Lub npe ntawm qhov chaw "Zastava" tau khaws cia nyob rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub. Qhov no yog tam sim no lub npe ntawm ib cheeb tsam me me nyob rau hauv Voronezh, qhov twg lub tsev ntawm tib lub npe twb nyob rau hauv yav tas los. Hauv cov duab los ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, nws zoo li no:

Tom qab lub caij ntuj no xyoo 1943, cov yees no tau xyaum ua kom puas tsuaj. Cov seem ntawm ib qho ntawm cov qauv no ntawm txoj kev tau muaj sia nyob mus txog niaj hnub no. Central Moscow.

Lub outpost, ua ke nrog ib puag ncig moat, yog lub zog tshaj fortress ntawm lub nroog. Cia kuv ceeb toom rau koj tias txoj kab tiv thaiv no tau taw qhia rau sab qaum teb hnub poob.

Tag nrho cov lus qhia tau raug kaw tsuas yog los ntawm thaj tsam ntawm ntuj (gullies, ravines) thiab tsis muaj lwm yam kev tiv thaiv paub.

Nov yog cov duab piav qhia ntawm cov geomorphological formations nyob ib ncig ntawm lub tsev qub:

- sab hnub poob (Chizhovskaya gully, abutting ntxiv mus rau Shilovsky hav zoov).

- Sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj (qhovntsej thiaj tsis mob mus rau hauv lub tiaj ua si hauv nruab nrab)

- Sab hnub tuaj (qhovntsej thiaj tsis mob ntawm tus dej embankment)

Raws li cov lus hais saum toj no, nws tuaj yeem txiav txim siab tias lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev cia siab nres yog sab hnub poob thiab sab hnub poob. Tab sis cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm qhia peb tias Voronezh tau tsim los ua lub fortress pem hauv ntej ntawm lub xeev Moscow thiab tau txais kev tiv thaiv los ntawm kev tawm tsam ntawm tus yeeb ncuab tsis paub los ntawm sab hnub tuaj thiab sab hnub tuaj!

Ib tug tsuas yog xav paub yuav ua li cas peb cov poj koob yawm txwv ob peb centuries dhau los ua fortifications ntawm ib sab ntawm lawv tus kheej lub peev (los ntawm ib sab ntawm Moscow, piv txwv li los ntawm lub rear), thiab sab laug kiag li qhib txoj kev mus rau lub nroog los ntawm sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj, los ntawm qhov chaw uas lawv yuav tsum tau. los tawm tsam cov yeeb ncuab tawm tsam?!

Tsis muaj kev ntseeg tias lub nroog yog ciam teb. Tsuas yog tam sim no, nws tau tiv thaiv thaj tsam twg?