Physics ua ib qho cuab yeej rau zombifying tib neeg. Ntu 1

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Nyob rau hauv lub neej niaj hnub, nyob rau hauv lub era ntawm kev loj hlob sai ntawm cov ntaub ntawv technology, muaj coob tus neeg poob siab nyob rau hauv yuav luag txhua yam ntawm lub ntiaj teb no saib - nyob rau hauv ideologies, kev cai dab qhuas, "modern art", pop culture … thiab tsuas yog science tseem dawb huv thiab infallible. rau lawv. Vim tias tsuas yog kev tshawb fawb xwb, lawv hais tias, ua ncaj ncees rau kev tshawb nrhiav qhov tseeb!

Vim hais tias txhua yam nws hais yog raws, lawv hais, ntawm kev sim qhov tseeb!

Zoo, ntawm no peb yog - peb tau tshem tawm cov camouflage nets los ntawm physics: qhuas qhov "cov hauv paus" tsim nyog. Nyob rau hauv niaj hnub official physics, los ntawm thiab loj, tsis muaj nyob. Nws mus deb dhau ntawm "kev tshawb nrhiav qhov tseeb." Nws yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg los nrhiav qhov tseeb rau cov nyiaj, vim lawv yuav pom qhov twg lawv them ntau dua. Thiab tom qab ntawd yuav tsis muaj txoj hauv kev zoo dua li kev dag tshaj li kev ntseeg: "Zoo, cov kws tshawb fawb yuav tsum tsis txhob dag peb!"

Koj paub, muaj qhov tshwm sim puas hlwb. Ib tug neeg tuaj yeem ntseeg txhua yam, tshwj tsis yog ntawm ib yam, uas hauv txoj ntsiab cai nws tsis tuaj yeem lees txais ntawm kev ntseeg, yam tsis muaj kev sib tsoo nrog nws ntawm tus kheej kev paub. Qhov no yog dab tsi tib neeg, nws hloov tawm, tuaj yeem dag, i.e. qhia txhob dag. Ib tug neeg ib txwm xav tsis thoob los ntawm qhov kev tshawb pom no. Thiab tom qab ntawd lawv tau siv rau nws, thiab tsis muaj dab tsi. Ntau tus ntawm lawv tus kheej tau koom nrog hauv cov txheej txheem … Yog li: physicists yog tib neeg ib yam nkaus. Thiab kev sib tsoo nrog lawv ntawm tus kheej kev paub qhia tau hais tias: physicists, nws hloov tawm, tuaj yeem dag. Leej twg tsis ntseeg qhov no? Yog li ntawd, kev ntseeg yog ib qho kev yeem. Txhua yam!

Saib, muaj ntau tus neeg tuaj yeem pab dawb uas ntseeg tias Asmeskas cov kws tshawb fawb tau mus xyuas lub hli. Txawm hais tias qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm "US lunar program" tau tawm tsam tsis yog cov kws tshaj lij hauv foob pob hluav taws xwb, kev txhawb nqa lub neej hauv qhov chaw, kev sib txuas lus hauv chaw, ballistics, tab sis kuj yog cov kws tshawb fawb, physicists, psychologists, ncaws pob, cameramen, kws yees duab, cov kws kho teeb pom kev zoo … thiab tsuas yog cov neeg zoo xwb. Lawv sau cov phau ntawv hais txog qhov foob pob hluav taws ntawm qhov tsis txaus ntseeg no thiab tsim cov vev xaib hauv Is Taws Nem.

Ntawm peb tus kheej, peb tuaj yeem ntxiv: cov xwm txheej tsis zoo rau kev nthuav tawm ntawm lub teeb nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ncig ua rau muaj qhov tshwm sim ntawm backscattering ntawm lub teeb los ntawm lub hli, paub rau Galileo, tab sis tseem tsis tau piav qhia los ntawm kev tshawb fawb. Nyob rau lub kaum sab xis twg lub teeb poob rau ntawm ib feem ntawm lub hnub ci, yuav luag tag nrho cov teeb pom kev rov qab mus, piv txwv li. mus rau qhov twg nws tuaj, yog vim li cas nyob rau hauv ib tug tag nrho lub hli lub brightness ntawm lub hli yog txawv txav siab rau peb. Vim hais tias ntawm qhov backscattering no, rau ib tug neeg soj ntsuam ntawm lub illuminated nto ntawm lub hli, twilight yeej ib txwm reigns, thiab muaj ntse thiab tag nrho dub ntxoov ntxoo los ntawm lub anti-hnub sab ntawm cov khoom thiab cov av tsis sib xws.

Nyob rau hauv TV thav duab kis tau los ntawm Lunokhod-1, cov yam ntxwv ntawm lunar illumination, uas yog yuav luag tsis yooj yim sua rau fake nyob rau hauv lub terrestrial tej yam kev mob, manifest lawv tus kheej nyob rau hauv tag nrho lawv lub yeeb koob. Paub txog cov hnub tsaus ntuj tsaus ntuj thiab cov duab ntxoov ntxoo dub tag nrho, txawm tias tus menyuam yaus yuav muaj peev xwm ua kom paub tseeb tias cov yeeb yaj kiab thiab duab nrog cov neeg Asmeskas ntawm lub hli yog ib puas feem pua ntawm kev dag.

Thiab ntawm no peb tuaj rau cov lus nug nthuav. Ib tug me nyuam yuav muaj peev xwm ntseeg tau, tab sis cov kws tshawb fawb yuav tsis. Cov neeg txaus siab, ua ib qho kev sim, nug cov kws kho mob: "Nws txhais li cas tias cov duab ntawm cov neeg Asmeskas nyob rau lub hli qhia meej meej ntawm lub teeb pom kev tsis yog lunar?" Koj yuav tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo kawg nkaus. 95% ntawm cov neeg teb yuav pib txhawj xeeb thiab piav qhia rau koj tias "qhov no yog kev nkag siab yuam kev", uas "qhov tseeb yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj qhov tsis sib haum xeeb", vim tias cov neeg Asmeskas nyob rau lub hli: "Muaj, yog tag nrho!" Koj yuav xav tsis thoob thaum koj mloog cov lus ntawm koj cov mlom, sim tsis lees paub tej yam uas pom tseeb rau tus menyuam, thiab koj yuav pib ua xyem xyav txog kev noj qab haus huv ntawm lawv lub siab. Tab sis qhov no yog vim koj tsis paub: qhov kev coj cwj pwm no tsis raug txiav txim los ntawm qhov laj thawj txhua.

Le Bon sau tias: “… kev xav ntawm tib neeg tsis hloov pauv los ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm laj thawj. Cov tswv yim pib siv lawv cov txiaj ntsig tsuas yog thaum lawv, tom qab ua haujlwm qeeb, … tau nkag mus rau hauv qhov tsaus ntuj ntawm qhov tsis nco qab, qhov twg … qhov kev xav ntawm peb cov kev ua tau tsim. Tom qab ntawd, lub hwj chim ntawm cov tswv yim tseem ceeb heev, vim hais tias lub siab tsis muaj hwj chim rau lawv. Ib tug neeg ntseeg uas muaj lub tswv yim, kev cai dab qhuas los yog lwm yam, tsis muaj peev xwm ua rau kev xav, txawm tias lawv muaj zog npaum li cas … Lub tswv yim qub, txawm tias tsis muaj dab tsi ntau tshaj li ib lo lus, mirage, muaj hwj chim khawv koob. Qhov no yog li cas qhov qub txeeg qub teg ntawm cov tswv yim qub, kev xav, cov rooj sib tham tau khaws cia, txawm hais tias lawv yuav tsis tiv taus qhov kev thuam me ntsis … Tus ntsuj plig tseem ceeb yog qhov siab tshaj plaws, tsis tshua muaj txiaj ntsig, thiab lub siab xav yog qhov muaj peev xwm nthuav dav: Feem coob ntawm cov neeg lees txais yam tsis muaj kev thuam txhua lub tswv yim tsim uas tau xa mus rau nws cov kev xav rau pej xeem kuj qhia txog kev kawm."

Cov lus no muaj feem xyuam rau cov tswv yim thoob plaws hauv kev tshawb fawb, thiab, tshwj xeeb, hauv physics. Ib lub tswv yim entrenched nyob rau hauv lub subconscious ntawm physicists tau txais cov xwm txheej ntawm lub siab tshaj plaws scientific qhov tseeb, nkag tsis tau rau qhov tsim nyog kev sib cav counter-kev sib cav. "Yog li ntau tus kws kho mob tsis tuaj yeem yuam kev!" - qhov no yog qhov laj thawj ntawm cov neeg uas tsis ua dab tsi qhov twg nws tuaj yeem ua yuam kev, vim lawv tsuas yog sib xyaw nrog lawv "kev xav" uas lawv tau drilled rau hauv. Tsis yog lub siab, tab sis lub siab subconscious dominates lawv txawm nyob rau hauv nqe lus nug ntawm seb cov neeg Amelikas nyob rau lub hli. Peb tuaj yeem hais li cas txog kev tshawb fawb dogmas uas "lub teeb yog ya photons", uas "txhua lub cev tau txais kev sib nyiam", uas "cov nqi sib txawv yog nyiam, thiab cov nqi ntawm tib lub npe raug tshem tawm"! Yuav ua li cas cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsim nyog tuaj yeem xav tau los sim kho cov dogmas, txawm tias lub tswv yim tshiab qhia ncaj ncees qhia qhov tseeb ntawm kev sim!

Thomas Kuhn kuj hais txog qee yam xws li "inertia ntawm kev xav". Cov kiv puag ncig scientific, lawv hais, tsis tshwm sim txhua hnub. Nws yog qhov tseeb ua ntej los ntawm kev kub ntxhov hauv kev tshawb fawb, i.e. ib qho teeb meem uas tsis tuaj yeem daws tau nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm qhov kev lees paub. Piv txwv li, qhov tseeb tshiab uas tsis haum rau nws. Tab sis, ntawm no koj mus! - "Txog thaum tus kws tshawb fawb kawm pom qhov xwm txheej hauv qhov sib txawv, qhov tseeb tshiab tsis tuaj yeem suav tias yog qhov tseeb ntawm kev tshawb fawb tag nrho." Ntawd yog, cov kws tshawb fawb tau txham ntawm qhov tseeb tshiab kom txog rau thaum qhov kev piav qhia pom zoo tshwm. Qhov no yog "kev kub ntxhov" li cas? Txhua yam mus raws li nws yuav tsum tau! Tam sim no, yog hais tias qhov kev piav qhia ntawm qhov tseeb tshiab tau txais, ces nws hloov tawm nyob rau hauv hindsight tias muaj, nws hloov tawm, ib tug ntsoog … tab sis nws twb tau ua tiav tiav, yog li nws tsis yog txaj muag los lees nws. Thiab yog hais tias qhov kev piav qhia ntawm qhov tseeb tshiab tsis tau txais, ces qhov tseeb yuav nyob twj ywm "unscientific".

Keeb kwm ntawm physics yog littered nrog qhov tseeb uas historians ntawm physics nyiam tsis nco qab. Thiab ib txhia ntawm lawv yog heev unscientific uas historians raug tsav mus rau ib tug npau suav phem. Noj, piv txwv li, Nikola Tesla cov khoom siv, uas qhia meej meej tias cov tswv yim tshawb fawb txog hluav taws xob tsuas yog qhov tsis zoo. Tesla yuav muab hluav taws xob pheej yig rau cov neeg siv khoom thoob plaws ntiaj teb, tsis muaj xov hlau. Cov neeg nyiam muaj lub sijhawm los xyuas kom meej tias tag nrho cov no yeej ua haujlwm tsis zoo rau kev tshawb fawb, yog li Tesla cov cuab yeej raug rhuav tshem. Txwv tsis pub, yuav muaj "kev hloov pauv tsis raug cai," tawm tsam rau "lub zog ntawm lub ntiaj teb no".

Tab sis Thomas Kuhn tsis hais txog qhov no - lub siab tawv nyias. Kev mloog nws yog qhov tsis nkag siab tias qhov kev hloov pauv hauv kev tshawb fawb tau ua li cas: "Cov kws tshawb fawb tsis pom zoo pov tseg cov ntsiab lus thaum lawv ntsib nrog kev tsis sib xws lossis cov piv txwv. Lawv ua tsis tau li ntawd thiab tseem yog cov kws tshawb fawb. " Blimey! Thiab yog vim li cas "ua tsis tau"? Vim li cas "tsis tuaj yeem"? Hauv kev teb, peb tau txais qee yam kev hais lus: "… cov kws tshawb fawb uas tsis yog neeg txawv teb chaws rau txhua yam tib neeg tsis tuaj yeem lees paub lawv qhov kev xav, txawm tias thaum ntsib kev sib cav sib ceg."

Feem ntau, nws yog qhov nyuaj rau lawv lees paub qhov tseeb ntawm lwm tus, thiab lawv tsis tas yuav raug txiav txim hnyav, cov neeg pluag. Thomas Kuhn puas paub dab tsi txog lub subconscious? Aw no no no. Tus neeg sawv cev ntawm pawg neeg kawm tuaj yeem hais li cas txog kev hloov pauv kev tshawb fawb uas tau sau txog cov neeg kawm paub rau pawg neeg kawm? Kev hloov pauv kev tshawb fawb tsis yog tsim los ntawm cov neeg coob coob! Los ntawm txoj kev, ib tug yuav tsum tsis txhob sib npaug ntawm cov neeg kawm nrog cov neeg coob coob ntawm txoj kev. Cov neeg coob coob nyob hauv txoj kev tsis nyob ntev: nws cov neeg tuaj koom nws thiaj li tawg mus, thiab txhua tus tau rov qab zoo dua. Cov neeg coob coob ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb yog qhov hnyav thiab ntev.

Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev tshawb fawb, tshwj xeeb, physics, yuav ua li cas nrog cov teeb meem no? Yuav ua li cas tshiab, "advanced" theories yeej? Zoo, lwm txoj kev xav tsis tas yuav yeej. Piv txwv li, ua ntej qhov tshwm sim ntawm quantum chromodynamics, cov tswv yim ntawm physicists hais txog dab tsi cov qauv ntawm atomic nuclei raws li nyob rau hauv lub xeev deplorable heev. Lub meson txoj kev xav ntawm nuclear rog tsis tau muab cov lus teb rau cov lus nug yooj yim tshaj plaws. Thiab yog li ntawd, quantum chromodynamics mus ntxiv thiab tob dua, khaws tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntawm meson txoj kev xav. Ntawd yog, tag nrho cov teeb meem tsis daws teeb meem tseem tsis tau daws. Lawv cia li tso siab rau lawv thiab coj cov teeb meem "ntau dua" - nrog quarks thiab gluons. Cov "kev ua ntug" tau nce, thiab cov qhov nyob sab laug hauv qab tau hloov mus rau qeb ntawm "tsis cuam tshuam". Niaj hnub no kev txiav ntug ntawm physics yog txhua yam "ua ntej" - nrog heaps ntawm "tsis cuam tshuam" qhov nyob hauv qab. Nco ntsoov, "ib tug neeg uas muaj lub zeem muag zoo saib ntawm qhov txiav ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab tsis pom ntxiv"? Nws tsis tas yuav pom ntxiv lawm!

Thiab ntawm no yog qhov piv txwv thib ob: yuav ua li cas txoj kev xav ntawm kev sib raug zoo, uas tsis muaj kev sim siab ncaj ncees, thiab tsis muaj dab tsi tab sis kev thuam ntawm kev xav, yeej. Cov neeg mob taub hau nyiam nug: "Thov zam txim, tab sis dab tsi yog qhov kev nkag siab zoo?" Cov neeg Sane paub zoo tias nws yog dab tsi: qhov no yog qhov lawv tau coj los ntawm thaum lawv xav sensibly. Yog li, nws "yeej" ua tsaug rau qhov kev sib tw PR tsis tau pom dua los ntawm thoob ntiaj teb: yog li, txawm li cas los xij, kev tshaj tawm ntawm SRT kev txhais lus tseem nce ntxiv). Kev tshaj tawm tas li hauv cov ntawv xov xwm pib, kev tshwm sim rau pej xeem nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm cov neeg tsis yog tshwj xeeb (cov menyuam kawm ntawv, cov niam tsev, thiab lwm yam), txawm tias Charlie Chaplin koom nrog kev tshaj tawm. " Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm nrog qhov kev sib tw no, muaj kev tsim txom ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb nto moo uas thuam txoj kev xav ntawm kev sib raug zoo. Lawv tsis tuaj yeem sib tw nrog lawv raws li cov cai ntawm kev tawm tsam kev tshawb fawb, yog li lawv raug liam … ntawm kev tawm tsam Semitism. Qhov tshwm sim "yeej" qhia meej meej tias cov zej zog ntawm physicists tau nyob ntev los ntawm cov kev cai ntawm cov neeg coob coob thiab tau tswj hwm zoo los ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm kev cuam tshuam cov neeg coob coob.

Thiab peb naively ntseeg tias cov kws tshawb fawb tsis khoom nrhiav qhov tseeb, tias lawv tab tom ua haujlwm rau qhov tseeb! “Cov neeg coob yeej tsis mob siab rau qhov tseeb; nws tig tawm ntawm cov pov thawj, uas nws tsis nyiam, thiab nyiam mus pe hawm kev dag ntxias yog tias nws dag nws "(Le Bon). Tseeb tiag, qhov kev zoo nkauj zoo li cas tib txoj kev xav ntawm kev sib raug zoo nrog nws kos npe tshaj tawm gimmick: "tsis yog txhua tus tuaj yeem nkag siab nws"! Ua txuj hais tias koj to taub nws, thiab tam sim ntawd koj saib ntau ntse dua ib tug neeg uas ncaj ncees lees tias nws tsis to taub nws. Yuav ua li cas pub rau koj tus kheej muaj nqis! Cov uas txhawb nqa lub dummy no paub tias lawv ua dab tsi. Tab sis sim qhia rau tus txheeb ze tias qhov no yog ib qho dummy. Nws yuav tam sim ntawd ua rau muaj kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv, uas tseem paub ntev ntev rau cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm tib neeg tus ntsuj plig: "Lawv tsis tuaj yeem dag kuv thiaj li ntse!" Tsis muaj ib yam dab tsi uas koj ua tau txog nws!

Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv physics txhua yam yog interconnected. Yog tias txawm tias qhov kev dag ntxias me me hauv nws tsis raug tso tseg tam sim ntawd, nws yuav txuas ntxiv mus ntxiv, vim tias txhua qhov kev dag ntxias yuav tsum tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm kaum tawm qhov kev dag ntxias tshiab. Thiab nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev dag ntxias yuav ntau ntxiv hauv pseudo-scientific propaganda. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los xyuas txoj hauv kev no: "Ib qho ntawm cov kev nruj tshaj plaws, txawm tias tsis tau sau, cov cai ntawm kev tshawb fawb lub neej yog kev txwv tsis pub thov rau cov thawj coj hauv lub xeev lossis rau cov neeg dav dav ntawm cov teeb meem ntawm kev tshawb fawb." Thiab ua li cas, physicists ua raws li txoj cai nruj no? Yog lawm, lawv nco txog nws tsuas yog thaum lawv yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw ib co upstart nugget. Nws tsis yog rau lawv siv qhov kev nruj nruj rau lawv tus kheej! Leej twg ua physicists tig mus rau nyiaj rau lawv cov tweets kim, yog tias tsis yog lub taub hau ntawm lub xeev? Rau lawv cov poj niam, los yog dab tsi? Thiab leej twg, yog tias tsis yog cov neeg coob coob, lawv puas tig mus rau thaum lawv tshaj tawm cov ntaub ntawv tam sim ntawd txog lawv qhov kev ua tiav hauv Is Taws Nem thiab lwm yam xov xwm ntev ua ntej cov khoom sib thooj tshwm sim hauv cov phooj ywg txheeb xyuas kev tshawb fawb?

Qhov kev puas tsuaj loj ntawm kev dag ntxias nyob rau hauv niaj hnub nom tswv physics yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov tseeb tias lub zej zog physics tau nyob los ntawm cov kev cai ntawm pawg neeg ntev dhau lawm. Tom qab tag nrho, cov neeg coob coob, raws li Le Bon tau hais, tsis tuaj yeem tsim: "Lub zog ntawm pawg neeg tsuas yog coj mus rau kev puas tsuaj." Nws tsis yog rau tsis muaj dab tsi uas cov zej zog ntawm physicists tshwm sim ua ntej peb nyob rau hauv ib tug txawv kiag li halo uas nws yog accustomed. Cov kev xav ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb pawg neeg ntawm physicists ntawm cov qauv ntawm lub ntiaj teb yog txiav txim siab tsis yog los ntawm lub siab lub ntsws, tab sis los ntawm qhov tsaus ntuj ntawm lub subconscious. Cov neeg coob coob uas tau kawm no tsis yog xav nrhiav qhov tseeb, tab sis nrog kev mob siab rau lawv txoj kev xav.

Tab sis yog tias ntau thiab ntau cov nyiaj tau muab pov rau hauv cov chav kawm zoo li no, "nws puas txhais tau tias qee tus xav tau nws?"

H. O. Derevensky. Siab ncaj physics. Cov ntawv thiab cov ntawv sau. tawg tawg