Biotron - tag nrho automated Soviet lub nroog ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Nyob rau xyoo 1970, Soviet urbanism tau txav deb ntawm lub tswvyim ntawm "lub nroog linear". Cov txheej txheem siab dua tau pom tias "Biotrongrad". Nws yog ib lub tsev ntawm 55-storey tsev, txhua tus yuav muaj 5 txhiab tus neeg. Kaum biotron yuav tsim ib lub nroog me me uas tsim nyog rau nws tus kheej nrog txhua yam tsim nyog. Kaum biotron - lub chaw hauv cheeb tsam. Kaum lub chaw hauv cheeb tsam yog lub chaw hauv cheeb tsam. Txhua qhov chaw ntawm cov kab ke no yuav txuas nrog lub tsheb ciav hlau nqus tsev ntawm qhov ceev ntawm 900 km / h. Soviet urbanists npau suav hais tias los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm East thiab West, capitalism thiab socialism, tag nrho lub ntiaj teb no yuav raug them nrog xws li "Biotrong nroog".

Txij li thaum xyoo 1920, cov neeg tsim qauv Soviet tau ua qauv "linear nroog" - cov tsev tuab nrog cov hlab ntsha. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm kev tsis txaus ntawm cov peev txheej, cov nroog zoo li no zoo tagnrho: lawv muaj 3-4 zaug tsawg dua kev siv nyiaj hauv zej zog (hluav taws xob, dej, cua sov) thiab kev thauj mus los rau ib chav tsev ntawm qhov chaw nyob thiab thaj chaw pej xeem.

Qhov dav ntawm lub tsev yuav tsum yog xws li cov neeg nyob hauv lub sijhawm tawm hauv lub nroog hauv 20 feeb (piv txwv li tsis pub tshaj 1.5 km). Nyob rau lub sijhawm tsis tu ncua hauv lub nroog linear yuav muaj cov khw, cov koom haum kab lis kev cai thiab kev cob qhia tsim khoom. (Nyob rau hauv ib co versions ntawm tej yaam num, lub industrial cheeb tsam yog stretched mus rau lub tsev nyob ib tug - nyob rau lwm sab ntawm txoj kev). Yog li, qhov tshwm sim yog megalopolis stretched rau kaum (lossis ntau pua) mais. Tab sis nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws tuaj yeem tso nws ntawm ko taw hauv 15-20 feeb - thiab tam sim ntawd nyob hauv qhov xwm txheej.

Nikolai Milyutin tau suav hais tias yog thawj tus tsim tawm ntawm "linear nroog" hauv USSR. Nws cov pab yog architects uas ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub Construction Committee ntawm lub RSFSR: I. Leonidov, M. Ginzburg, A. Pasternak. Ua ke nrog tus kws kes duab vajtse V. Semyonov, lawv tau tswj hwm los tsim thiab siv ib txoj haujlwm rau lub nroog loj tshaj plaws - Stalingrad. Lub nroog muaj ob txoj kab sib luag - kev lag luam thiab thaj chaw. Nruab nrab ntawm lawv stretched ib cheeb tsam ntsuab tiv thaiv, nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm uas nyob rau hauv catering tsim, Hoobkas rooj vag thiab lwm lub tsev. Nrog rau kev nthuav dav ntawm kev lag luam lossis nrog kev sib ntxiv ntawm lwm cov chaw tsim khoom rau nws, thaj chaw muaj peev xwm tuaj yeem ncua ntev yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam, thiab nrog nws thaj chaw nyob thiab thaj chaw ib puag ncig rau nws tau loj hlob tuaj. Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov sawb ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom thiab cov sawb ntawm cov tsev nyob tau txiav txim siab ntawm 500-700 m (qhov siab tshaj plaws 1500 m), nyob ntawm seb muaj kev phom sij ntawm cov lag luam. Yog li ntawd, Stalingrad / Volgograd stretched rau 60 km nyob rau hauv ib tug nqaim sawb.

Tab sis rau kev tsim kho loj ntawm cov nroog linear, kev thauj mus los ceev tau xav tau: cov neeg caij tsheb ciav hlau yuav tsum muaj kev ceev ntawm tsawg kawg 200 km / h (tsuas yog hnub no cov kev ceev hauv tebchaws Russia tau mus txog German Sapsan), kom cov neeg tuaj yeem siv sijhawm. txoj kev hauv nroog 100-200 km ntev tsis tshaj 45 feeb los ntawm tsev mus ua haujlwm. Txoj kev taug yuav tsum tau ntxiv los ntawm kev kub ceev trams thiab lwm yam kev thauj mus los rau pej xeem. Lub Soviet Union tsis tuaj yeem tuav cov txheej txheem hauv nroog nyuaj. Thiab tom qab ntawd, nyob rau xyoo 1970, cov haujlwm ntawm "cov nroog loj" tau tshwm sim, uas nws cov ntsiab lus zoo ib yam li "linear nroog" hauv ib qho xwb: qhov sib thooj rau qhov xwm txheej, uas yuav pib ntawm tsev.

Nyob rau hauv ib tug concentrated daim ntawv, xws li ib tug project - hu ua Biotongrad - tau nthuav tawm nyob rau hauv phau ntawv journal "Technics for Youth", No. 12, 1978, los ntawm ib tug Bulgarian sau nyob rau hauv lub pseudonym Nikolai Hristov. Nws lub npe tiag tiag yog Nikolai Bliznakov. Nws yog ib tug renowned science dab neeg sau ntawv. Peb nthuav tawm nws tsab xov xwm "Biotrongrad - lub nroog ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej".

Lub nroog ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej yuav yog dab tsi? Cov lus nug no yog qhov txaus siab tsis yog rau cov neeg nyob hauv nroog thiab cov kws paub txog yav tom ntej xwb, tab sis kuj rau txhua tus neeg uas npaj yuav tsim ntau thaj chaw ntawm tib neeg kev ua ub no rau ntau xyoo tom ntej. txij li yav tom ntej ze rau lawv.

Lub tswv yim qauv ntawm lub nroog ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej - Biotongrad - tsis yog ib tug utopia, vim nws yog raws li niaj hnub scientific achievements ntawm biology thiab technology. Biotrongrad yog lub nroog linear ua los ntawm biotron txuas rau hauv ib qho kev sib txuas lus.

Biotron yog 55-storey tsev rau 5 txhiab tus neeg, qhov twg txhua yam tsim nyog rau cov kev xav tau niaj hnub ntawm nws cov neeg nyob hauv yog tsim. Lub tsev muaj peb qhov tseem ceeb: thaj chaw, kev pabcuam thiab kev tsim khoom. Qhov chaw nyob yog nyob rau ntawm peb sab kev nyab xeeb ntawm lub tsev, pib ntawm lub tsev thib tsib thiab saum toj no. Chav tsev rau tsib txhiab tus neeg nyob ntawm tsib caug plag tsev. Thawj tsib lub tsev muaj chav ua noj rau pej xeem, tsev kawm ntawv, gymnasiums, xinesmas, tsev kho mob, thiab chaw soj nstuam. ateliers, chaw ua haujlwm, clubs, chav ua si thiab kev lom zem.

Lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsev, nws cov tub ntxhais, yog plaub-sided prism uas khiav raws tag nrho qhov siab ntawm lub tsev thiab nce me ntsis saum toj ib puag ncig thaj chaw. Muaj cov chaw cog qoob loo, ua liaj ua teb, kev cob qhia tsim khoom, thiab chaw kho mob ntawm no. Txhua biotron yog tsim raws li ib tug neeg project.

Technoplantations yog tag nrho automated. Nyob rau hauv ntau-storey rhawv tsis muaj av, nyob rau hauv cov kev daws teeb meem thiab nyob rau hauv hluav taws xob teeb pom kev zoo, tag nrho cov qoob loo tsim nyog rau pub rau tib neeg thiab tsiaj txhu, raws li zoo raws li rau ua khaub ncaws, yog zus.

Cov tsiaj, noog thiab ntses tau khaws cia hauv cov liaj teb uas muaj kev tswj hwm huab cua thiab huab cua huv thiab cov chaw pov tseg. Tag nrho cov khoom tsim nyog ntawm tsiaj thiab zaub keeb kwm yog tsim los ntawm no.

Cov dej khib nyiab tau tawm los ntawm cov kav dej sib cais ntawm Biotron cov kav dej phwj tuaj thiab nkag mus rau qhov tsim nyog purification lossis rov tsim dua tshiab.

Raws nraim tib yam qauv thiab hom kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tshuab biotron automated ua rau nws muaj peev xwm siv cov chaw taws teeb tswj raws li kev sib koom ua ke siv lub khoos phis tawj thiab kev sib txuas lus ntev.

Lub prism ntau lawm nyob rau hauv txhua pem teb yog ib puag ncig los ntawm ib txoj kev hauv tsev, qhov twg lub qhov rooj ntawm cov tsev thiab cov kev pab cuam ntau lawm, ntaiv, elevator qhib. Hauv txhua biotron, koj tuaj yeem xaj khaub ncaws thiab khau ua los ntawm ntuj fibers, tawv thiab plaub.

Biotron nyob rau hauv tsib kab, tshaj peb kilometers. Txhua ob kab yog txuas nrog hauv ib cheeb tsam chaw, uas muaj cov kev pabcuam kev tswj hwm, chaw sib txuas lus, chaw ua yeeb yam, tsev qiv ntawv, thiab chaw ua yeeb yam. Hauv paus tsev kawm ntawv pab cov pej xeem ntawm 50 txhiab ntawm tag nrho kaum biotron. Txhua qhov chaw thib kaum yog lub regional. Nws muaj cov tsev kawm ntawv qib siab, cov koom haum tshawb fawb, thiab kev tswj hwm.

Biotrongrad nyob rau hauv ib lub tiaj ua si loj 5 km dav thiab ntev ntev. Lub sawb ntawm cov chaw ua si nrog biotron, ramified thiab tsim ib qho kev sib koom tes, npog tag nrho lub ntiaj teb, nyob rau hauv qhov zoo nkauj tshaj plaws ntawm cov teb chaws.

Kev thauj mus los hauv biotron yog cov neeg caij tsheb thiab cov khoom elevator, conveyors, tsis siv neeg hluav taws xob tsheb.

Kev sib txuas ntawm biotron nrog lub hauv paus chaw hauv cheeb tsam yog nqa los ntawm kev thauj cabins nyob rau hauv ib lub gallery uas khiav ntiav underground. Tej yaam num rau hom kev thauj no twb tau tsim. Thaum hu, lub tsheb raug cais tawm ntawm lub conveyor thiab, nrog kev pab los ntawm lub elevator, mus txog lub tsev apartment nyob rau hauv sib thooj pem teb, thiab, yog hais tias tsim nyog, xa cov neeg caij tsheb mus rau lub tsheb ciav hlau subway tsheb ciav hlau uas txuas lub regional chaw.

Rau kev mus ntev, kev thauj mus los ntawm lub tshuab nqus tsev siab ceev ntawm cov hlau nplaum sib nqus yog siv. Nyob rau hauv lub qhov, nyob rau hauv ib tug tob ntawm 50 m, muaj ob parallel steel kav, txhua tus muaj ib txoj kab uas hla ntawm 3.66 m, nyob rau hauv uas lub nqus tsev vacuum yog khaws cia. Cov chaw nres tsheb nyob txhua txhua 200 km, thiab ntu nruab nrab ntawm lawv yog ncaj nraim. Ntawm cov chaw nres tsheb hauv airlock ntawm ib txwm muaj siab, cov neeg caij tsheb raug xa mus rau lwm cov kab. Cov tsheb yog tsim los rau 136 tus neeg caij tsheb. Lub tshuab hluav taws xob linear propels tsheb ciav hlau mus txog qhov ceev ntawm 900 km / h.

Yog li, kev thauj mus los ntawm Biotongrad, zais hauv av, tsis tiv thaiv tib neeg los ntawm kev nyob: tsuas yog cov neeg taug kev taug kev ntawm qhov chaw hauv cov chaw ua si zoo nkauj. Zoo nkauj thiab majestic biotrons sawv ntawm cov paj thiab ntoo, thiab nruab nrab ntawm lawv muaj cov menyuam yaus thiab cov chaw ua si, pas dej da dej, ntug hiav txwv dej thiab chaw ntau pob.

Lub nroog ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej yuav undoubtedly yog lub nroog ntawm qhov kawg ua tiav scientific thiab technological kiv puag ncig, uas txhais tau hais tias ua tiav mechanization thiab automation ntawm ntau lawm. Nws yuav yog lub nroog ntawm kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb, lub nroog ntawm tus neeg uas tau mus txog qhov zoo tshaj plaws hauv nws txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub cev thiab sab ntsuj plig, thiab tib neeg, uas tau mus txog qhov kawg ntawm nws txoj kev sib raug zoo thiab lub koom haum kev sib raug zoo."