Keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab style

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Dab tsi yog thawj yam uas los rau hauv siab thaum koj hnov cov kab lus "Lavxias teb sab" style? Tej zaum - kokoshniks, painting nyob rau hauv lub Gzhel los yog Khokhloma style, carved thav duab ntawm lub qhov rais. Tab sis li cas thiab thaum twg cov style tshwm sim, puas muaj cov ntsiab lus hauv cov qauv no?

Peter kuv rhuav tshem (zoo, yuav luag) cov Lavxias teb sab style

Peter kuv, tau kawm nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe thiab tsim kom muaj diplomatic-phooj ywg raws, txiav txim siab los tshem tawm txhua yam "thawj" Lavxias teb sab nyob rau hauv tsev - nws yuav luag tshaj tawm ua tsov ua rog nyob rau hauv lub archaic Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog thiab mob siab rau renewed thiab Europeanized Russia. Tus tsar tau caw cov kws tsim vaj tsev Italian los tsim cov vaj tsev es tsis txhob siv cov ntoo ntoo, boyars ua rau lawv hnav khaub ncaws nyob sab Europe es tsis txhob siv caftans, chais plaub hau ntev thiab hnav cov wigs.

Paul Delaroche. Portrait ntawm Peter I - Hamburg Kunsthalle

Nyob rau ob peb xyoo tom ntej no, nws cov successors tsim lub tswv yim ntawm "kev vam meej Russia". Txawm tias lub tsev teev ntuj tsoos architecture tau hloov los ntawm European Baroque hauv 17th thiab 18th centuries.

Tab sis yog tias Peter tuaj yeem khaws lub peev ntawm cov nom tswv thiab cov thawj coj hauv kev tswj hwm, cov neeg ua liaj ua teb thiab pej xeem cov khoom siv tes ua txuas ntxiv ua lawv lub neej. Cov tub ceev xwm tsis cuam tshuam nrog cov duab kos duab ntawm lub log tig, tsis tswj cov qauv thiab kev xav ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm kev cob qhia uas tau tawg thoob plaws hauv lub tebchaws. Txawm hais tias tsar-reformer kuj coj ib yam dab tsi rau "Lavxias teb sab style": los ntawm nws tus hlub Holland, nws coj Delft plooj (porcelain), xiav thiab dawb xim uas tom qab tau theej los ntawm Gzhel masters.

Rov qab mus rau cov hauv paus hniav

Tej zaum "Lavxias teb sab style" yuav tsis tau nqis los rau peb yog tias los ntawm ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th cov nom tswv tsis tau tig mus rau lawv "cov hauv paus hniav", tsis tau pib tshawb nrhiav lub teb chaws lub tswv yim thiab tus kheej. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov neeg pej xeem thaum ub tau pib tuaj rau hauv vogue, thiab cov neeg siab nyiam tau nyiam lub neej ntawm cov neeg zoo tib yam. Tsis yog lub luag haujlwm tsawg tshaj plaws tau ua los ntawm Itinerant artists, piav qhia txog lub neej ntawm cov neeg ua liaj ua teb hnyav.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub lem ntawm lub 19th thiab 20th centuries, lub koom haum kos duab "World of Art" tshwm sim, uas tau koom nyob rau hauv kev tshawb fawb thiab embodiment ntawm primordial Lavxias teb sab motives nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm cov duab kos duab. Cov ntaub ntawv ntawm Lavxias teb sab fairy tales kuj pib tshwm sim nyob rau hauv painting - feem ntau striking piv txwv ntawm cov hauj lwm ntawm Viktor Vasnetsov.

Viktor Vasnetsov. Bogatyrs - Tretyakov Gallery

Nyob rau hauv phau ntawv illustrations, qhov zoo heev engravings ntawm Ivan Bilibin tau ua nto moo tshaj plaws.

Duab los ntawm Ivan Bilibin rau "Vasilisa tus Zoo Nkauj" - Belfry-MG, 2019

Lavxias teb sab beauties nyob rau hauv kokoshniks thiab heroes tau nrov dluab txawm nyob rau hauv kev lag luam - lawv tau piav, piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv tej pob khoom.

Chocolate "Narodny" - I. P. Romanenkova Lub Hoobkas ntawm chocolate thiab khoom qab zib - Kharkiv

Theatrical kos duab kuj coj ib tug ntse tig. Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, tus neeg ua lag luam Sergei Diaghilev tau teeb tsa Lavxias Lub Caij Nplooj Ntoos Hlav hauv Tebchaws Europe, thaum lub sijhawm nws coj kev nthuav qhia, ntaus pob tesniv thiab ua yeeb yam ntawm ncig saib. Lub nto moo tshaj plaws ballet nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab style yog Igor Stravinsky's Firebird, costumes thiab scenography uas tau ua los ntawm Leon Bakst, kuj yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm lub ntiaj teb no ntawm Art.

Lavxias teb sab motifs tshwm nyob rau hauv interiors - pobzeb qhov cub thiab pej xeem paj ntaub los ua fashionable. Cov kos duab ntawm cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub tsis poob qab - Faberge thiab lwm yam craftsmen pib tsim tableware thiab precious trinkets nyob rau hauv cov style ntawm medieval Russia.

Ntsev shaker. Jewelry firm P. A. Ovchinnikov, 1894 - State Historical Tsev khaws puav pheej

Thiab apotheosis ntawm kev rov qab los ntawm cov style tuaj yeem suav hais tias yog kev ua koob tsheej ntawm 300th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm Lub Tsev Romanov xyoo 1913 - kev hnav khaub ncaws ntawm cov khaub ncaws zoo nkauj uas tau muab los ntawm tus huab tais Lavxias kawg Nicholas II yuam kom txhua tus tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv cov khaub ncaws ntawm ua ntej Petrine Rus.

Costume Ball Guests - Public Domain

Lavxias teb sab style nyob rau hauv architecture

Tab sis, ntawm chav kawm, lub Lavxias teb sab style tau pom meej meej nyob rau hauv architecture. Nws tau txais kev txhawb nqa tshwj xeeb los ntawm Emperor Alexander III, tus neeg tawm tsam thiab tus tuav ntawm ib txwm muaj txiaj ntsig. Nws tau hais txog nws tias nws tus kheej zoo li tus dais Lavxias - nrog lub hwj txwv spade, tsis zoo li nws cov thawj coj nrog cov kav hlau txais xov nyias nyias.

Nws yog Alexander III uas tau pom zoo rau txoj haujlwm rau kev tsim kho lub Koom Txoos ntawm Tus Cawm Seej ntawm Cov Ntshav Ntshav hauv St. Petersburg nyob rau hauv lub npe hu ua pseudo-Lavxias style, nrog cov xim domes thiab mosaics. Lub tsev, tag nrho cov neeg txawv teb chaws mus rau lub dav architectural tsos ntawm lub nroog, tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1883-1907, thiab nws yog heev reminiscent ntawm lub Moscow Cathedral ntawm St. Basil lub Blessed ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th.

Lub Koom Txoos ntawm tus Cawm Seej ntawm Cov Ntshav Txhaum - Legion Media

Cov qauv vaj tsev, uas feem ntau hu ua "pseudo-Lavxias teb sab", muaj ntau yam piv txwv hauv Moscow. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19, lub tsev ntawm Keeb Kwm Tsev khaws puav pheej tau tshwm sim ntawm Red Square, tsim los ntawm tus kws kes duab vajtse Vladimir Sherwood. Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob cuam tshuam rau ib puag ncig kev tsim vaj tsev, nws tau ua los ntawm cov cib liab thiab nrog cov yam ntxwv zoo nkauj - ntau cov ntsiab lus convex, arches, tsev pheeb suab, qhov hnyav thiab lwm yam txuj ci uas tau nquag siv nyob rau hauv ancient Lavxias teb sab ntoo architecture.

Tsev khaws puav pheej Keeb Kwm - Skif-Kerch (CC BY-SA 4.0)

Tsis ntev tom qab kev tsim kho ntawm Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej Keeb Kwm, ib lub tsev zoo sib xws ntawm Lub Nroog Duma tau tshwm sim nyob ze (tam sim no nws nyob hauv Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Patriotic War ntawm 1812).

Lub tsev qub ntawm Lub Nroog Council, tam sim no lub Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Loj Loj xyoo 1812 - Legion Media

Nyob rau hauv cov style ntawm lub qub Lavxias teb sab boyar chambers, collector Pyotr Shchukin ua ib lub tsev rau yav tom ntej Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Lavxias teb sab Antiquities. Nyob rau hauv Soviet lub sij hawm, lub Biological Tsev khaws puav pheej muaj npe tom qab K. A. Timiryazev nyob ntawm no.

Biological Tsev khaws puav pheej muaj npe tom qab K. A. Timiryazev hauv Moscow - NVO (CC BY-SA 2.5)

Cov vaj tse tau tshwm sim, ua raws li cov ntoo architecture ntawm 16-17 centuries. Yog li ntawd, cov qauv ntoo thiab cov ntoo carved tseem tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv décor ntawm cov vaj tse ntawm Slavophile Mikhail Pogodin hauv Moscow, thiab cov tsev zoo sib xws thoob plaws hauv Russia.

Pogodinskaya tsev pheeb suab - Elena Butko (CC BY-SA 4.0)

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20th, architects pib bizarrely muab cov pseudo-Lavxias teb sab style thiab tus tshiab Art Nouveau style. Piv txwv li, Yaroslavsky railway chaw nres tsheb nyob rau hauv Moscow, ua los ntawm Fyodor Shekhtel, yog ua nyob rau hauv no style.

Yaroslavsky railway chaw nres tsheb ntawm ib tug pre-revolutionary postcard - pej xeem sau

Niaj hnub nimno Lavxias teb sab style

Nyob rau xyoo 2000, muaj lwm qhov rov qab los rau hauv cov hauv paus hniav thiab txhua yam kev lig kev cai Lavxias - neohistoricism. Nyob rau hauv Moscow thaj av Kolomenskoye, ntoo ntauwd ntawm Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, leej txiv ntawm Peter kuv, tau rov qab los raws li qub sketches.

Palace ntawm Alexei Mikhailovich nyob rau hauv Kolomenskoye - Legion Media

Nyob rau hauv lub tiaj ua si Izmailovo, lub Izmailovsky Kremlin kev lom zem complex tau tsim, uas ua raws li Lavxias teb sab architecture ntawm 16-17 centuries.

Izmailovsky Kremlin - Legion Media

Ib txwm nyiam Lavxias teb sab motives kuj tau dhau los ua kev lag luam - nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam lawv muab cov tsev so nyob rau hauv cov style ntawm ib tug Lavxias teb sab tsev pheebsuab, ntxias mus rau hauv ib tug Lavxias teb sab da dej. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, ntau thiab ntau lub tsev noj mov ntawm Lavxias teb sab cuisine tau tshwm sim - ob qho tib si ib txwm thiab niaj hnub rov xav txog cov khoom lag luam paub thiab zaub mov txawv. Ib lub npe nrov tshaj plaws ntawm cov khw noj mov uas siv cov qauv Lavxias - MariVanna muaj cov ceg ntoo hauv London, New York, Moscow, Baku thiab cog lus rau tus qhua kom hnov qhov "tsim Lavxias teb sab ntsuj plig".

Dolce & Gabbana Fashion Show hauv Milan 2012 - Vostock-Photo

Cov neeg tsim qauv zam, ob lub ntiaj teb hnub qub thiab lawv cov npoj yaig Lavxias tsis tshua paub, pib siv lub tebchaws Lavxias hauv lawv cov khoom sau. Ntau lub ntsiab lus thov rau cov duab thiab cov qauv ntawm pej xeem kos duab, qhov no yog lace, thiab paj ntawm Pavloposad shawls, thiab xim dawb thiab xiav thiab cov qauv ntawm Gzhel.