Slavic keeb kwm ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees
Slavic keeb kwm ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees

Video: Slavic keeb kwm ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees

Video: Slavic keeb kwm ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees
Video: Yog tau koj tsis ntshaw leej twg -Vichai Cheng & Seng Yah (Official Music Video) Nkauj tawm tshiab 2024, Tej zaum
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Yuav pib nrog, me ntsis keeb kwm … Nyob rau hauv lub Berlin cheeb tsam nyob rau hauv lub 7-12 centuries nyob 2 Slavic xeem, nyob rau hauv German transcription - Heveller (Havolyane) thiab Sprewanen (Spreeane). Cov Slavs ntawm Spree tsev neeg - Sprewanen nyob ntawm ob sab ntawm Spree River, ntawm Barnim thiab Ostteltow. Cov neeg ntawm Gavolian-Heveller tsev neeg nyob ntawm Spandau thiab Brandenburg (Branibor).

Tom qab kawg ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib 2, kev tshawb fawb keeb kwm dav dav tau pib hauv thaj av ntawm Brandenburg thiab Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, ntau qhov chaw loj Slavic chaw nyob, cov zos thiab tsev fuabtais tau tshawb pom los ntawm cov neeg Slavs uas nyob hauv cov av no hauv 7-12 centuries.

Archaeological excavations ua rau nws muaj peev xwm reconstruct lub Slavic chaw nyob ntawm lub sij hawm nrog txaus txaus. Cov castles yog lub nplhaib zoo li lub fortifications ua los ntawm cov ntoo log cabins thiab lub ntiaj teb nrog ib tug ncej qhov siab ntawm 10 meters los yog ntau tshaj. Cov zos nyob ib ncig ntawm lub tsev fuabtais muaj feem ntau ntawm ib-ob-storey tsev ntawm cov chopped-block hom (cov cav tau nteg horizontally nyob rau hauv tus ncej). Kev ua liaj ua teb thiab tsiaj ua liaj ua teb tau ua lub neej ntawm cov neeg nyob deb nroog. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov neeg hauv zos tau koom nrog cov khoom siv me me, kev xaws, kev tsim cov ceramic, ua hlau, thiab ua cov pob txha.

Lub tsev fuabtais muaj zog ntawm Köpenik thiab Branibor tsis yog tsuas yog cov tub rog tseem ceeb ntawm thaj tsam Slavic-German tsis muaj ciam teb, tab sis kuj tseem muaj kev lag luam tseem ceeb thiab kev nom kev tswv. Kev lag luam hnyav Slavic tau tso cai rau ob lub tsev fuabtais hauv 10-11 centuries kom loj hlob ntau heev uas lawv, los ntawm cov tub rog fortifications, coj daim ntawv ntawm tag nrho-fledged nroog, nrog loj artisan zos. Ntxiv rau cov nroog loj, muaj ntau lub tsev me me.

Lawv feem ntau raug rhuav tshem thaum lub sijhawm German nthuav dav ntawm 10-12 centuries. Tom qab thawj zaug tsis ua tiav kev sim ua qhev cov Slavs nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 10th (thawj theem ntawm German sab hnub tuaj nthuav yog nyob rau hauv 928-983. King Henry I. (919-936) ntes Branibor-Brandenburg nyob rau hauv 929 thiab tswj kom yuam cov Slavic tsev neeg. Excavation nyob rau hauv Spandau Spandau qhia nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub nroog ib German tsev fuabtais yos los ntawm nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 10th. Nws raug puas tsuaj thaum lub sij hawm lub Great Slavic uprising nyob rau hauv 983, uas muaj lub npe Lutizenaufstand nyob rau hauv German qhov chaw. Heveller xeem, Raws li cov xeem Slavic yav qab teb, koom nrog lub koom haum no. Lutichi-Lutizen tau tsav cov Germans dhau ntawm Elbe. Txawm hais tias muaj kev ua tub rog tseem ceeb ntawm cov neeg German, lawv tsis tuaj yeem ntes Slavic thaj av rau lwm 170 xyoo.

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Pib los ntawm nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 12th, lub siab xav ntawm German feudal lords mus txeeb lub Slavic cheeb tsam intensified dua. Cov thawj coj ntawm theem thib ob ntawm kev nthuav dav, Crusade tawm tsam cov pagan Slavs, yog ib tus neeg German princes. Cov nto moo tshaj plaws yog Heinrich Leo (1129-1195), Duke of Bavaria thiab Saxony, thiab Albrecht Xyooj (c. 1100-1170, Margrave ntawm North Mark los ntawm 1134).

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Albrecht Medved tuaj ntawm tsev neeg Askanier, thiab ua tus tswv ntawm Northern Mark los ntawm 1134, nws yog tus neeg nyob ze ntawm Lutici tam sim ntawd. Tom qab lub xeem tsis muaj me nyuam tub huabtais Slavic Pribislaw - Pribyslav - tuag nyob rau hauv 1150, Albrecht tuav lub teb chaws ntawm Gavolyan - Hevellerland. Spandau Spandau tau los ua ib lub tsev fuabtais German ciam teb dua, thiab lub qub Slavic rampart pom nws tus kheej sab qab teb ntawm hnub qub ntawm lub nroog - lub tsev fuabtais German uas tshwm sim hauv 1200. Tom qab qhov tshwm sim ntawm German lub nroog ntawm Brandenburg, German peasants-colonists los ntawm Saxony pib coj mus rau hauv lub peev ntawm Lutichs nyob rau hauv droves. Qhov no yog qhov kawg ntawm Slavic era. Cov neeg tawg rog Slavs sab laug Branibor, Spandau, Kopienik, Trebin, thiab lwm lub nroog mus rau sab hnub tuaj, mus rau Pomorie, mus rau Russia, los yog tau ua kev cai raus dej thiab maj mam poob lawv cov lus, sib xyaw nrog cov neeg tuaj tshiab German (cov seem ntawm cov tsis yog German Slavs - Luzhitsky Sorbs, nyob hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees niaj hnub …

Cov tsev fuabtais Slavic thiab ntau lub zos tsis tau siv lawm, ploj mus rau hauv kev lwj thiab tsis pom …

Kev tsim kho dua tshiab ntawm lub zos Lutich lub sijhawm tuaj yeem pom ntawm Tsev khaws puav pheej Dorfes Düppel hauv Berlin.

Nyob rau hauv 1940, nyob rau sab qab teb-sab hnub poob ntawm Berlin nyob rau hauv lub Zehlendorf koog tsev kawm ntawv, nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Düppel, cov seem ntawm ib tug medieval kev sib hais haum tau pom. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm excavations ua nyob rau hauv 1968, nws muab tawm hais tias qhov no yog ib lub zos uas muaj nyob ib ncig ntawm 1200. Txawm li ntawd los, lub tswv yim tau tshwm sim los txhim kho lub zos thiab yuav ua li cas kom lub tsev khaws puav pheej nkag mus rau cov neeg tuaj xyuas. Yog li xyoo 1975 "Düppel Village Museum" tau tshwm sim.

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Niaj hnub no ib feem ntawm lub zos sawv dua, zoo li yog nyob rau hauv excavated foundations. Kev kho dua tshiab yog ua raws li kev saib xyuas ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb siv cov cuab yeej siv niaj hnub. Qhov kev sib hais haum tau hloov mus ua qhov chaw sim archaeological.

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Nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm 8 hectares, raws li kev tshawb pom archaeological, cov tsev tau rov tsim dua tshiab, nrog rau kev ua liaj ua teb thiab cov cuab yeej siv.

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Lub tsev khaws puav pheej nthuav tawm lub sijhawm tsis tshua pom thiab paub txog lub neej medieval li 800 xyoo dhau los.

Pom zoo: