TOP 14 Txoj Kev los tswj cov xov xwm uas koj tsis paub txog

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Feem ntau ntawm cov xov xwm (Lavxias teb sab thiab tsis tsuas yog) tau ntev tso tseg ua txuj tias lawv koom nrog kev sau xov xwm, koom tes nrog kev ua tsov ua rog, thiab qee zaum hauv kev tshaj tawm tawm. Hauv qab no yog cov kev qhia tsis tseeb uas cov xov xwm tuaj yeem siv los tswj ntau txhiab tus neeg yam tsis tau hais lus dag. Tag nrho cov txheej txheem no yog pom tseeb rau cov kws tshaj xov xwm thiab txhua tus neeg hauv xov xwm. Tab sis, alas, qhov no tsis yog ib txwm pom tseeb rau cov neeg nyeem / saib.

Xav txog tias koj yog ib tug tub ntxhais kawm theem siab uas tau txais B hauv thaj chaw. Koj los tsev thiab lawv nug koj lo lus nug "Nws nyob hauv tsev kawm ntawv li cas?" Nws tsis yog nyob rau hauv koj nyiam qhov scenario thaum cov niam txiv paub txog cov deuce. Hais tias "Kuv muaj tsib hauv geography" yog dag. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj ntau txoj hauv kev tsis txhob dag, thaum tsis qhia qhov tseeb uas tsis zoo rau koj lossis txo qhov kev puas tsuaj.

1. TXOJ CAI TSHIAB

"Kuv tau txais tsib hauv kev kawm lub cev, hauv cov ntaub ntawv, ob qho hauv thaj chaw, Petya tau mob, Masha yeej kev sib tw ua luam dej, thiab qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, peb muaj tus kws tshawb fawb hauv computer tshiab!" Koj hais. Qhov tseem ceeb (lossis tsis zoo rau koj) qhov tseeb yog ploj ntawm lwm tus. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, nrog lub teeb txhais tes, koj tus kheej ua qhov kev tso kawm ntawm accents, es tsis txhob ntawm tus nyeem ntawv koj tus kheej hais tias dab tsi yog qhov tseem ceeb thiab dab tsi yog qhov thib ob.

Nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb tshaj yog radical cov ntaub ntawv, kev hloov nyob rau hauv qhov tseem ceeb yuav loj hlob mus rau INFORMATION STUNNING, thaum ib tug tseem ceeb (los yog tsis zoo) qhov tseeb drowns nyob rau hauv ib tug loj ntawm lwm yam lus tseeb los yog lus ntawm lwm yam ntsiab lus.

2. Nkaum (+ HLOOV LUB TOPIC)

“Lub tsev kawm ntawv nyob qhov twg? Yuav ua li cas rau ntawm txoj kev! Gopniks haus npias ntawm qhov chaw ua si. Thiab feem ntau, cia peb tham txog yam koj yuav muab rau kuv rau kuv lub hnub yug,”- koj hais, tsis quav ntsej lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv, tab sis tib lub sij hawm sau cov ntaub ntawv chaw.

3. XOV XWM TSHIAB

“Kuv tau tsib hauv gym! Thiab Masha kuj pom ib tug kab laum nyob rau hauv ib lub bun, koj hais tias, yog li nkaum qhov tseem ceeb (lossis tsis zoo) qhov tseeb thiab sau cov ntaub ntawv qhov chaw nrog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo lossis nruab nrab qhov tseeb.

4. KEV PAB CUAM

"Zoo, nws nyob hauv tsev kawm ntawv li cas?" - lawv nug koj. "Nws zoo, tsis muaj dab tsi tshwj xeeb," koj teb, muab cov lus qhia dav dav, tab sis tib lub sijhawm txhais lus tseeb ntawm cov xwm txheej.

5. HUAB TAIS txhais lus

"Tus kws qhia ntawv phem heev, nws muab lub cim phem rau kuv ib yam li ntawd," koj hais, tam sim muab qhov tseeb nrog kev txhais cov ntsiab lus.

Nws yog ib qho ntawm cov xov xwm nyiam tshaj tawm thiab siv nrog ntau qib ntawm kev siv zog thiab kev tsis txaus siab. Nrog kev txhais lus pub dawb, muaj ntau yam kev xaiv ua tau.

TSEV KAWM NTAWV: “Kuv qhia! Lawv qhia kuv, tab sis kuv xav qhia txhua yam rau kuv tus kheej, vim kuv tau qhia! Thiab nws xav tias kuv tau txais kev tshoov siab, thiab teem ob, kom sawv daws poob siab.”

TSEV KAWM NTAWV TXOJ CAI: “Tus kws qhia ntawv tau pom tseeb tawm ntawm kev xaiv hnub no. Kuv nug cov lus nug tsis raug. Txawm tias muaj kev aggression, hais tias "Qhia kuv Maldives, huh !" Yuav ua li cas peb, ib tsev neeg Lavxias yooj yim los ntawm cov xeev, paub tias Maldives nyob qhov twg?"

VICTIVITY: “Nws nug txhua tus lus nug yooj yim, thiab nws yuav nug kuv txog Algeria! Kuv tsis tau nug leej twg txog Algeria. Zoo li nws tsis hlub kuv.”

DEMONIZATION: “Yog li ntawd, tus kws qhia thaj chaw no feem ntau yog tsiaj nyaum! Txhua zaus nws nug txog lub teb chaws tshiab, nws muab ob lub cim rau sawv daws. Nws nyiam nws."

CONSPIRACY THEORY: “Txhua tus kws qhia ntawv tawm tsam kuv! Niaj hnub no tus geography muab ob. Tab sis kuv kawm li ib txwm, npaj txhij rau cov lus qhia! Qhov no yog vim cov chav kawm muaj neeg coob coob, lawv tau nyiaj tsawg rau cov menyuam kawm ntawv ntxiv, thiab lawv txiav txim siab tsim txom kuv thiab ncaws kuv tawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv."

CEEB TOOM: "Kuv tau muab ob vim kuv yog Lavxias / Ukrainian / Georgian / Jew / Asian / Orthodox / Muslim / neeg tsis noj nqaij / poj niam / gay / philatelist."

CLIMO: “Tus kws qhia geography muab rau kuv ob. Tau kawg, nws yog ib tug neeg tsis noj nqaij - ib qho kev ua tsis zoo tuaj yeem xav tau los ntawm tus neeg tsis noj nqaij."

DIRTY LINEN: “Tus kws qhia geography muab rau kuv ob. Tej zaum ua tawm rau kuv. Lawv hais tias nws tus poj niam tso nws tseg."

XOV XWM TSHIAB: "Tus kws qhia geography feem ntau lig rau nws tus kheej zaj lus qhia, thiab tom qab ntawd nws lub xov tooj nrov thaum lub sijhawm kawm!"

QHOV CHAW UA HAUJ LWM: “Hnub no kuv tau muab ob qho tib si hauv thaj chaw, tab sis qhov no yog mem hluav. Txawm li cas los xij, kuv yuav npaj ib qhov project sai sai, thiab nws yuav yog tsib hauv ib lub hlis twg."

GENERAL DISCREDITATION NTAWM LUB TOPIC: “Leej twg xav tau thaj chaw hauv peb lub sijhawm? Kuv muaj GPS hauv kuv lub xov tooj smartphone thiab Wikipedia."

FACT REVISION: “Koj puas paub tias nws nyuaj npaum li cas kom tau tsib hauv PE? Qhov no yog kev tawg! Tej zaum qhov no yog thawj kauj ruam mus rau Olympics? Cia li xav, ob qho tib si hauv thaj chaw."

FALSE CORRELATION: Nrov thiab muaj zog ua kom yuam kev. Koj pom qhov tsim nyog, qee zaum tsis xav txog, qee zaum tsis muaj kev sib txuas ntawm qhov tshwm sim. Piv txwv li, hais tias: "Tam sim no lub hli nyob rau hauv lub archer, yog li ntawd cov xib fwb npau taws heev." Lossis: "Kuv tau txais ob, vim koj thiab koj niam sib ntaus."

COV TSWV YIM ZOO: "Cov chav kawm tau ntshai los ntawm kev tsis ncaj ncees …" - koj hais. Tus neeg sau xov xwm muaj cai piav qhia txog cov xwm txheej thaum nws pom lawv, uas qhov tseeb txhais tau tias muaj kev ywj pheej tag nrho (thiab qhov tsis sib xws tom qab) ntawm kev txhais lus. Feem ntau qhov no tau qhia nyob rau hauv qhov sib piv cov duab thaum lub sij hawm rallies: ib tug neeg pom 300 tus neeg, ib tug neeg 3000.

DRAMATIZATION: Es tsis txhob "Tus kws qhia geography muab rau kuv ob" koj hais tias: "Ib tug neeg ua haujlwm hauv xeev me qhia txog qhov tseem ceeb niaj hnub no treacherously muab tso rau hauv lub log ntawm kuv txoj kev kawm ci ntsa iab, rhuav tshem qhov kev cia siab kawg rau kev kawm tiav hauv tsev kawm ntawv. thiab lub neej zoo." Txawm hais tias tus neeg sau xov xwm yuav tsum muaj qhov nruab nrab, kev siv epithets, metaphors, idioms thiab lwm yam lus txhais ntawm kev hais lus, nrog rau cov lus ntsuas tau dhau los ua tus qauv. Nrog lawv cov kev pab, koj tuaj yeem xim cov khoom siv tiag tiag ntawm cov lus hauv ib qho xim, tsim kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, tab sis tib lub sijhawm tsis txhob dag.

6. SEMI-TRUE

Txoj kev hloov maj mam. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tus neeg sau xov xwm tsis hla txoj kab ntawm kev txhais lus, tab sis zam kev nthuav qhia ncaj qha ntawm tus yuam sij (lossis tsis xav tau) qhov tseeb.

“Kuv ua tau zoo hauv tsev kawm hnub no. Nws nquag ua hauj lwm hauv zaj lus qhia, teb. Tsis muaj kev vam meej, tiag tiag … , - koj qhia.

7. SIJ HAWM NTAWM CHAW UA HAUJ LWM ntawm cov xwm txheej

Wb hais tias qhov no tsis yog koj thawj deuce. Ib yam li tag nrho cov yav dhau los, koj nyob twj ywm txog tus tshiab deuce, thiab tos kom txog thaum koj tau txais, piv txwv li, plaub. Thaum qhov no tshwm sim, koj nthuav tawm nws yog lub sijhawm tseem ceeb tshaj tawm, sau tag nrho tsev neeg ntawm lub rooj, zoo siab tshaj tawm tias koj tau txais plaub hauv thaj chaw, qhia tias nws nyuaj npaum li cas, plaub qhov tseem ceeb npaum li cas rau koj, hais tias koj yog tib tug uas tswj tau plaub, rhuav tawm ib nplooj ntawv nrog plaub los ntawm lub chaw muag mis nyuj thiab thav duab hauv qab iav mus rau qhov chaw tseem ceeb hauv tsev, npau suav ntawm plaub rau ib lub hlis twg thiab feem ntau thov koj niam koj txiv los yuav koj lub iPad rau koj qhov kev ua tiav zoo kawg. Hais txog dab tsi raws nraim koj tau muab plaub, nrog rau hais txog yav dhau los deuces, koj nyob twj ywm.

8. PHAU NTAWV NTAWM COV KHOOM

Ib qho kev tsocai tsis tiav (txawm tias hauv video lossis suab) lossis cov lus hais sab nraud ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov tau hais tuaj yeem cuam tshuam kev xav, tig txhua yam rov qab, ua rau tus phab ej ua yeeb ncuab thiab rov ua dua.

NYOB RAU HAUV CHAW UA HAUJ LWM: "Kuv tsis tau muaj tus tub kawm ntawv zoo li no!" - tus kws qhia ntawv hais. Cov kab lus puv suab zoo li: "Kuv tsis tau muaj tus tub kawm ntawv zoo li no uas qhia tsis muaj dab tsi thiab tsis paub txawm tias Antarctica nyob qhov twg."

HAUV LUB CHAW UA HAUJ LWM: "Siberia thiab Russia tsis yog tib yam," koj hais tus kws qhia txog thaj chaw, hinting lossis qhib liam nws ntawm kev cais tawm thiab tus cwj pwm tsis tsim nyog. Thaum, qhov tseeb, tag nrho cov kab lus zoo li no: "Petrov, Russia yog ib yam khoom ntawm daim ntawv qhia kev nom kev tswv, thiab Siberia yog ib yam khoom ntawm daim ntawv qhia lub cev, nws tsis yog tib yam."

NYOB RAU HAUV TSEV KAWM NTAWV: "Koj tsis tuaj yeem tso ob qho tib si hauv thaj chaw" - koj hais cov lus ntawm tus thawj xibfwb. Qhov tseeb, tag nrho cov kab lus suab zoo li no: “Koj tsis tuaj yeem tau txais ob lub cim hauv thaj chaw, qhov no tsis tuaj yeem lees txais. Ua li cas koj thiaj tsis paub thaj tsam ntawm koj lub tebchaws?”Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lo lus "tau txais" tau hloov nrog lo lus "set", uas thaum xub thawj siab ib muag tsis muaj teeb meem, tab sis qhov tseeb hloov lub ntsiab lus, hloov qhov tseem ceeb.

9. Kev xaiv ntawm qhov chaw

Koj xaiv cov peev txheej, cov lus tim khawv, cov kev xav uas paub meej txog cov txheej xwm ntawm cov xwm txheej uas zoo rau koj.

Piv txwv li, koj hais cov lus ntawm koj cov neeg nyob ze ntawm lub rooj: "Yog lawm, tus kws qhia thaj chaw no rub cov deuces rau txhua tus thaum nws nyob rau hauv lub siab phem! Kuv muab ob yam li ntawd rau kuv hnub no. " Lossis qhia cov duab ntawm koj zaum nruab nrab hmo ntuj ntawm phau ntawv qhia txog thaj chaw. Los yog ib daim vis dis aus, yuav ua li cas tus kws qhia muab ob peb ua ke, thiab tom qab ntawd saib kev npau taws rau hauv tus ncej. Los yog muab cov txheeb cais uas qhia tau hais tias tag nrho cov chav kawm muaj ob tug ntxiv tom qab ib tug tshiab geography tus kws qhia ntawv tuaj. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, koj tsis quav ntsej lwm qhov chaw, piv txwv li, koj tsis muab cov lus qhia los ntawm tus kws qhia nws tus kheej, cov phooj ywg hauv chav kawm uas xav txog koj qib raws li qhov tsim nyog, lossis kev kaw video ntawm koj cov lus teb ntawm lub blackboard.

Nws yog feem ntau siv thaum xaiv "cov neeg ib txwm muaj": tawm ntawm ntau tus neeg teb, tsis muaj dab tsi tiv thaiv tus neeg sau xov xwm los ntawm kev xaiv cov kev xav uas ua si ntawm kev nthuav tawm lub tswv yim ntawm cov phiaj xwm. Tib yam siv rau hom xws li "nias xyuas" thiab "blog tshuaj xyuas". Nrog rau kev xaiv kom raug, nws yog ib qho yooj yim los tsim cov nyhuv ntawm "kev xav ntawm pej xeem" los ntawm kev sau tsuas yog ob lossis peb qhov "tsim" cov lus. Yog li, ib qho chaw hauv zos nkaus xwb, qhov tshwm sim tsis tseem ceeb tuaj yeem sawv cev tau yooj yim raws li qhov loj, loj, ubiquitous - thiab vice versa.

10. PSEUDO SOURCES

"Nws tau ntev tau ua pov thawj tias nyob rau lub quarter thib peb, txhua tus neeg kawm tsis zoo, vim tias cov menyuam kawm ntawv nkees ntawm lub caij ntuj no …", koj hais. Ua pov thawj los ntawm leej twg? Cov ntaub ntawv tuaj qhov twg? Lawv siv li cas rau qhov xwm txheej no? Koj tsis tham txog qhov no.

Los yog koj hais tias: "Tus neeg saib xyuas Vitaly Vasilyevich hais tias kuv yog ib tug txiv neej zoo, thiab kuv tau txais tsis ncaj ncees rau ob." Vitaly Vasilievich muaj peev xwm npaum li cas thiab nws cuam tshuam li cas rau qhov xwm txheej no?

Lub pseudo-qhov chaw tuaj yeem yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev siv rau ib tug stereotype, ib qho kev delusion. Qhov no yuav yog qhov txuas mus rau qhov chaw ntseeg tau, uas yooj yim, rau qee qhov laj thawj, tsis tuaj yeem siv rau qhov xwm txheej no (uas koj nyob ntsiag to txog). Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem yog qhov siv rau kev xav ntawm tus neeg uas nws muaj peev xwm nug tau.

Tsis tas li ntawd, cov lus "Peb tau hais", "Raws li cov chaw tsis muaj npe", "Raws li cov ntaub ntawv tsis lees paub", "Nws tau paub", thiab lwm yam yog siv los ntawm cov neeg sau xov xwm los daws nws tus kheej ntawm lub luag haujlwm rau kev ntseeg siab ntawm qhov chaw - qhov tseeb, nws txhais tau tias "sau ntawm lub laj kab" …

11. FORMALISM

"Vim tias muaj kev ua haujlwm ntau dhau, tsis muaj kev ntxhov siab thiab kev ntxhov siab ntawm lub hlwb tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm kev npaj rau kev sib koom ua ke hauv lub xeev, cov tub ntxhais kawm tau qhia txog kev paub txog "geography" hauv ib lub ntim uas tsis ua raws li cov qauv ntawm kev tswj cov ntaub ntawv kawm tau tsim. los ntawm ib tus neeg ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb hauv kev kawm, uas tau cuam tshuam los ntawm kev txheeb cais ntawm kev kawm ntawv ", - koj qhia. Kev siv cov kev cai lij choj thiab cov lus qhuab qhia feem ntau cuam tshuam qhov tseeb, txo qis lossis nce lawv qhov tseem ceeb hauv qhov muag ntawm tus nyeem ntawv, lossis tsuas yog ua rau nws tsis meej pem. Xws li ib tug style tuaj yeem tsuas alienate tus nyeem ntawv, vim hais tias cov lus yuav raug luam tawm, tab sis tsis muaj leej twg yuav nyeem nws.

12. MANIPULATION nrog STATISTICS

"Piv rau lub quarter thib peb, kuv tau nce kuv qib nruab nrab ntawm 20%," koj qhia, yam tsis tau hais ncaj qha tias koj tsis muaj qhabnias txij li thaum pib ntawm peb lub hlis twg, thiab hnub no koj tau los ua tus tswv ntawm ob..

Qhov no kuj yog cov txheej txheem nyiam, txij li kev xaav ntawm kev txheeb cais yuav tsum tau siv zog, tsom xam thiab kev xav lej. Qee lub sij hawm manipulating statistics yuav nyuaj heev. Tab sis, oddly txaus, feem ntau cov no yog ib qho kev xav tsis thoob hauv theem pib, feem ntau yog nyob ntawm qhov tsis muaj cov ntsiab lus. Piv txwv li, yog tias tus nqi pauv tag nrho yog loj hlob tuaj, koj tuaj yeem tos rau lub caij nplooj zeeg me ntsis thiab tso tawm cov xov xwm nrog lub ntsiab lus "Tus nqi poob", yam tsis tau tshaj tawm cov kev hloov pauv ntawm qib macro. Thiab yog li nrog txhua yam kev txheeb cais.

13. IMAGE MANIPULATION

Forging lossis erasing a diary entry is a heavy crime for a students, as is a photo or video falsification for a journalist. Tab sis muaj tsawg txoj kev ua txhaum cai los tswj cov duab thiab cov ntaub ntawv video.

TSIS TXAUS SIAB NTAWM COV DUAB NTAWM LUB SIJ HAWM: Thaum koj tham txog koj txoj kev vam meej hauv tsev kawm ntawv thiab qhia cov duab los yog yees duab nrog lwm tus neeg lub chaw teev npe (qee zaum muaj cov neeg paub hauv daim duab lossis yees duab tias qhov no tsis yog koj qhov chaw khaws cia, qee zaum tsis yog).

TXOJ CAI TSHIAB: Piv txwv li, tus kws qhia muab rau koj ob, koj tau phem rau nws, nws ntsia koj npau taws. Koj hloov ib zaj dab neeg txog nws, thiab ua ntej koj qhia tias nws npau taws rau koj li cas, thiab tom qab ntawd nws muab rau koj li cas.

"COVERAGE": Koj qhia tias koj tus kws qhia kev kawm lub cev zoo li cas qhuas koj, tab sis muab lub npe "tus kws qhia txog thaj chaw" nyob rau hauv tus ncej.

14. FOREIGN SOURCE

Txij li thaum tus neeg sau xov xwm yeej tsis qhia qhov chaw ntawm kev txhais lus ntawm cov lus lossis cov lus hais los ntawm ib hom lus txawv teb chaws, qhov tseeb, tsis muaj leej twg yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev txhais lus. Qhov no txhais tau tias koj tuaj yeem txhais tau dawb li sai tau. Qhov no tshwj xeeb tshaj yog siv tau rau kev hais lus ncaj qha thiab cov lus hais los ntawm cov neeg txawv teb chaws. Piv txwv li, kab lus "Bolshoi theatre hauv Russia yog ib qho haujlwm!" tuaj yeem txhob txwm los yog tsis paub txhais tsis yog "Lavxias teb sab Bolshoi Theatre yog ib yam dab tsi!", tab sis raws li "Lavxias teb sab Bolshoi Theatre yog ib qho haujlwm tsis tiav."