Lub eradication ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus tau mus txog peb science

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Xyaum tau ntau xyoo lawm, cov lus qhia nruj ntawm cov tuam tsev tswj xyuas peb cov kev tshawb fawb kom nce cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb hauv lus Askiv thoob ntiaj teb cov phooj ywg txheeb xyuas cov ntawv xov xwm ua rau cov txiaj ntsig tu siab. Ib tug ntawm lawv yog gradual tshem tawm ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus los ntawm scientific sphere. Lwm tus tab tom ua raws li cov txheej txheem tshawb fawb. Qhov thib peb yog kev hem thawj rau kev ruaj ntseg hauv tebchaws.

Tsis ntev los no, Pawg Neeg Kawm Txuj Ci ntawm Lub Tsev Kawm Txuj Ci ntawm Lavxias Academy ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb tau luam tawm tsab ntawv qhib rau Lavxias Thawj Tswj Hwm Vladimir Putin (cov ntawv theej - rau Prime Minister Mikhail Mishustin, Tus Thawj Coj ntawm Pawg Thawj Coj ntawm Pawg Thawj Coj Valentina Matvienko, Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Lub Xeev Duma Vyacheslav Volodin, Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Lavxias Academy ntawm Sciences Alexander Sergeev, Minister of Higher Education thiab Science Valery Falkov) nrog rau kev thov kom cuam tshuam thiab tso tseg qhov kev saws me nyuam tshiab "Txoj kev rau kev suav cov qhab nia ntawm kev tshaj tawm kev ua tau zoo", tsim los ntawm Ministry of Education thiab Kev tshawb fawb thiab xa mus rau cov tsev kawm tshawb fawb raws li cov lus qhia rau kev siv.

Yuav pib nrog, peb tsuas yog muab cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws los ntawm tsab ntawv qhib los ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm ntawm Philosophy ntawm Lavxias Academy ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb:

Lub teb chaws orientation ntawm social sciences thiab humanities nyob rau hauv Russia yog nyob rau hauv kev tawm tsam (…) Qhov no tsis yog nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov txheej txheem rau xam cov hauj lwm zoo ntawm scientific cov koom haum, thiab txawm tsis tsuas yog hais txog lub fact tias nws ignores lub kev cai lij choj ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm social and humanitarian sciences.

Nws yog hais txog kev khaws cia kev ncaj ncees, kev sib koom ua ke thiab kev sib koom ua ke ntawm sab ntsuj plig thiab kev coj noj coj ua thiab kev txuas ntxiv ntawm keeb kwm kev loj hlob ntawm Russia (…).

Puas yog suab nrov dhau lawm?

Cov neeg sau tsab ntawv piav qhia: "Lub ntsiab lus ntawm qhov kev thov" Methodology" yog tias cov txheej txheem rau kev soj ntsuam kev sib raug zoo thiab tib neeg txoj cai raug coj tawm hauv lub tebchaws thiab muab rau ob lub tuam txhab lag luam txawv teb chaws - Web of Science (WoS) thiab Scopus. Tsis muaj qhov zoo li no nyob rau hauv ib qho ntawm cov teb chaws tsim kho hauv ntiaj teb, vim li ntawd, vector ntawm kev tshawb fawb hauv kev sib raug zoo-humanitarian sphere yuav raug txiav txim los ntawm cov cai ntawm cov koom haum no, thiab tsis yog los ntawm lawv tus kheej cov kev xav thiab cov kev xav tau ntawm. Lavxias teb sab science thiab tsis yog los ntawm domestic scientific zej zog."

Cov lus qhia xa tawm los ntawm Ministry of Education thiab Science hais tias "cov kev cai ntawm cov txheej txheem tau rov hais dua nrog cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov koom haum tshawb fawb thiab kev kawm, Lavxias Academy ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb thiab RAS cov koom haum ua lag luam." Txawm li cas los xij, ntau tus kws tshawb fawb, nws tau muab tawm, "tsis pw tsaug zog lossis ntsuj plig" …

Tus tuav ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb ntawm lub koom haum ntawm Philosophy ntawm Lavxias Academy ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb, Tus Neeg Sib Tw ntawm Philosophy Polina Gadzhikurbanova hais rau Tsargrad tias lawv ntawm lub koom haum tsis tau hnov dab tsi txog kev sib tham ua ntej ntawm txoj kev no:

"Txhua yam no zoo li daus ntawm peb lub taub hau rau peb. Hloov ntawm cov xov tooj uas twb tau npaj tseg raws li lub xeev txoj haujlwm rau xyoo 2020, uas peb tau tham nrog cov neeg ua haujlwm lawm, ib txoj haujlwm tshiab los txog - kom ua tiav ib qho kev taw qhia ntawm "Cov qhab nia sib xyaw ntawm kev tshaj tawm kev ua tau zoo." Rau txhua qhov kev tshaj tawm nws "tus nqi" yog txiav txim siab hauv cov ntsiab lus. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov ntsiab lus ntau tshaj plaws tau txais txiaj ntsig rau cov ntawv hauv cov ntawv xov xwm uas tuav cov haujlwm siab hauv Web of Science, thiab tsuas yog 1 point yog muab rau Nyob rau hauv kev piav qhia ntawm lub webinar, uas lub Ministry tau tuav rau cov neeg sawv cev ntawm kev tshawb fawb cov koom haum, peb tau paub tseeb hais tias yog hais tias lub tsev kawm ntawv tsis ncav cuag lub tswv yim qhia, ces qhov no yuav tsis muaj ib tug txo nyob rau hauv nws cov nyiaj txiag.

Feem ntau, tus naj npawb ntawm cov ntawv tshaj tawm tsis tuaj yeem loj hlob tsis tu ncua los ntawm ib xyoos mus rau ib xyoos - qhov no yog absurd. Peb tau muab tsis yog rau kev tshawb fawb, tab sis los tsim, piv txwv li hais lus, qee yam khoom: ntau lub cib dawb, ntau xim liab. Qee qhov "pheej yig dua", lwm tus yog "nqi dua". Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws tsis raug coj mus rau hauv tus account tias peb cov khoom tseem ceeb tsis yog cov ntawv xov xwm txhua, tab sis cov phau ntawv, monographs. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug ntim tau ib lo lus nug philosophical kom meej posed, ib qho teeb meem tuaj yeem tsim thiab qhov chaw koj tuaj txog. Tsis tas li ntawd, rau kev sau cov ntawv xov xwm humanitarian hauv Web of Science, qhov cuam tshuam cuam tshuam tsis suav nrog txhua qhov thiab quartiles tsis raug muab (tus lej ntsuas ntawm cov ntawv sau tawm hauv phau ntawv xov xwm tshawb fawb no. - Approx. Tsargrad). Tab sis peb yuav tsum tau tshaj tawm hauv cov ntawv xov xwm uas muaj quartile siab hauv WoSe, uas, hauv paus ntsiab lus, yog tsis yooj yim sua."

Puas yog Russia xav tau tib neeg?

Ntawm qhov tod tes, peb muaj ntau tus neeg sau thiab hais lus - tsis ntev los no txawm tias los ntawm pawg neeg siab - txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim cov lus hu ua lus Askiv "High-hume" - high humanitarian technologies, uas niaj hnub no txhais ntawm ib qho kev sib tw. nrog cov tub rog-technological theem thiab kev vam meej nyob rau hauv lub caij nyoog sciences yog lub sovereign thiab sustainable kev loj hlob ntawm lub teb chaws. Ntawm qhov tod tes, lawv ncaj qha rhuav tshem qhov kev txhim kho no, hloov cov kws tshawb fawb mus rau Anglo-Saxon cov chaw tshawb fawb, hloov kho lawv lub siab thiab txawm tias cov lus tshawb fawb.

Cov lus nug ntawm kev ntsuas kev ua tau zoo thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm ntau yam kev qhuab qhia hauv tebchaws Russia, uas tau dhau los ua mob hnyav hnub no, tau tsa ntau tshaj kaum xyoo dhau los. Thaum rau kev tshawb fawb, uas tau tshaib plab thiab tawg nyob rau hauv 1990s - thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo 2000s, kev faib nyiaj tau nce ntxiv. Thiab tom qab tos me ntsis, lawv tsis pom qhov muaj tswv yim tshwm sim. Thiab dab tsi, qhov tseeb, tuaj yeem yog cov txiaj ntsig ceev hauv kev tshawb fawb? Qhov no tsis yog ci pies: hnub no kuv tau nqis peev ib ruble, thiab tag kis kuv tau txais peb. Tom qab ntawd lawv tau txiav txim siab los ua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev tshawb fawb hauv Western version: thaum qhov kev ua tiav ntawm kev tshawb fawb tau ntsuas nyob rau hauv cov ntawv xov xwm thiab cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj hauv cov ntawv xov xwm hu ua "peer-reviewed" journals raws li cov npe ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb thoob ntiaj teb, lub ntsiab yog WoS thiab Scopus.

Feem coob ntawm cov ntawv tshaj tawm no yog lus Askiv, luam tawm hauv Asmeskas thiab Great Britain. Kuj tseem muaj cov ntawv txheeb xyuas kev tshawb fawb hauv tebchaws suav nrog hauv VAK daim ntawv teev npe, nrog rau hauv cov ntawv tshwj xeeb uas tsim los ntawm Lavxias Science Citation Index (RSCI). Lub nuance yog hais tias raws li cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ntsuam xyuas tau txais los ntawm Ministry of Education thiab Science, cov ntawv tshaj tawm nyob rau hauv peb cov phau ntawv journal "hnyav" ntau dua li txawv teb chaws. Thiab hauv txoj kev tshiab, RSCI tsis quav ntsej kiag li! Tsis tas li ntawd, Western scientometric systems tsis zoo coj mus rau hauv tus account monographs, phau ntawv, phau ntawv kawm - uas yog, tsim nyog tshaj plaws ntawm kev ua tiav ntawm kev tshawb fawb hauv tib neeg txoj kev. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nyob rau hauv kev tshawb fawb, piv txwv li, patents rau inventions tseem "overboard" nyob rau hauv kev ntsuam xyuas qhov zoo ntawm kev ua hauj lwm ntawm ib lub koom haum los yog ib tug neeg tshawb fawb.

Nws yog qhov ua tsis tau rau "tus kws sau nkauj" kom ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo ib yam li cov "physicists", lub apex uas yog qhov tsis zoo ntawm Hirsch Performance index, pheej raug ntaus los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb hauv cov lus tso dag. Tab sis qhov tseeb, cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb tiag tiag, txhawm rau ua kom tiav cov phiaj xwm kev lis kev cai, feem ntau raug yuam, es tsis txhob muaj kev vam meej thiab pheej hmoo (hauv kev nkag siab ntawm kev lees paub tam sim) kev tshawb fawb, txhawm rau daws cov ntsiab lus "cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb", kev ua tiav me me uas yuav sai sai. tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv cov ntawv xov xwm txawv teb chaws thiab feem ntau yuav raug suav.

Ib txhia yuav nug: yog vim li cas, qhov tseeb, cov kws tshawb fawb yuav tsum ua kom tiav cov lus qhia ntawm kev qhuab qhia? Cov lus teb yog yooj yim li ib tug moo: vim hais tias qeb ntawm cov nyiaj txiag rau lawv lub tsev thiab lawv cov nyiaj hli ncaj qha nyob ntawm qhov no.

Koj puas xav science lossis Hirsha?

Peb cov neeg muaj kev txawj ntse thiab txawj ntse. Koj puas xav tau kev tshaj tawm xov xwm, tsis yog kev tshawb fawb? Tsis nrhiav pom, tab sis Hirsch Performance index? OK! Tau ntau xyoo, cov kws tshawb fawb me me thiab cov thawj coj thiab cov xibfwb tau siv los sau cov ntawv "passable", "cross-pollination" ntawm cov sau phau ntawv sau cov ntawv tshaj tawm. Kev thov tau yug los rau qhov kev lees paub: kev them nyiaj - rau qhov yuav tsum tau tshaj tawm, kev muag khoom zais cia ntawm kev sib txuas, "winding up" lub citation Performance index, scams nrog affiliation - tus sau yog teej tug mus rau ib co scientific lub koom haum los yog pab neeg. Ib lub lag luam tag nrho tau tshwm sim rau kev tsim khoom thiab kev txhawb nqa ntawm "scientific" cov khoom. Cov kab hauv qab yog dab tsi? Imitation ntawm scientific kev ua ub no, ntxuav qhov muag, "bullshit" - nyob rau hauv lub camp jargon. Tsis ntev los no tau lees paub los ntawm Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Lavxias Academy ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb, Alexander Sergeev, hais tias ob feem peb ntawm peb cov khoom (kev tshaj tawm kev tshawb fawb. - kwv yees Constantinople) yog "rubbish". Thiab raws li kev kwv yees ntawm ntau tus kws tshawb fawb, tsis yog ob feem peb, tab sis cuaj feem kaum!

Thiab ib zaug ntxiv, cov tub ceev xwm yuav tsum xav txog yuav ua li cas los daws qhov no: ntawm ib sab, txuas ntxiv tso siab rau "cov ntaub ntawv xov xwm" hauv kev ntsuas kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb, tab sis tib lub sijhawm txwv tsis pub cov neeg ua yeeb yam zoo nkauj thiab cov neeg dag ntxias.

Thiab yog li ntawd lawv tau los nrog ib qho kev suav tshiab uas zoo li ua kom muaj nuj nqis thiab zoo ntawm cov ntawv tshaj tawm tshawb fawb hauv coefficients nrog cov ntawv luv luv txaus ntshai. KBPR (Composite Publication Performance Score) yog npaj rau kev npaj tsoomfwv txoj haujlwm rau cov koom haum, thiab PRND (Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb) tau tsim los ntsuas kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb.

Cov txheej txheem nyuaj heev thiab tsis sib haum xeeb no tau npaj los ua ib qho cuab yeej siv thoob ntiaj teb rau txhua lub tsev kawm ntawv subordinate rau Ministry of Education thiab Science. Thiab cov no suav nrog, nco qab, thiab cov koom haum kev kawm ntawm tib neeg, thiab cov chaw tshawb fawb kho mob thiab kev ua liaj ua teb. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, raws li cov txheej txheem tshiab, txhawm rau khaws cov nyiaj txiag yav dhau los, txhua tus yuav tsum tau nce tus lej thiab "zoo" ntawm cov ntawv hauv cov ntawv txheeb xyuas cov phooj ywg hauv ib xyoos - nrog rau qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm " txawv teb chaws" luam tawm.

Qhov twg ntawm qhov kev puas tsuaj tsis tau paub tam sim ntawd. Philosophers yog thawj lub suab tswb. Hauv lawv tsab ntawv qhib, lawv piav qhia rau cov tub ceev xwm:

Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm Lavxias teb sab kev tshawb fawb thiab tib neeg hauv ntiaj teb tuaj yeem thiab yuav tsum tau tham ua ntej hauv Lavxias, hauv zej zog kev tshawb fawb hauv Lavxias thiab thaj chaw pej xeem, thiab tsis yog nyob rau hauv Western phau ntawv xov xwm, uas feem ntau hla cov teeb meem no rau cov laj thawj ntawm ob qho tib si thematic thiab ideological- nom tswv orientation…

Peb cov kws tshawb fawb Lavxias

Lub koom haum ntawm Philosophy ntawm Lavxias teb sab Academy ntawm Sciences hais txog: "Lub hypertrophied tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv lub Web ntawm Science thiab Scopus coj mus rau lub tshem tawm ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus los ntawm ib ncig ntawm kev sib raug zoo sciences thiab humanities, thiab nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej - los ntawm ib ncig ntawm kev txawj ntse kab lis kev cai.."

Tsis yog, zoo, tiag tiag: yog tias koj lub cev muaj sia nyob yog nyob ntawm kev tshaj tawm lus Askiv, nws puas yuav zoo dua los kawm paub sau ntawv Askiv tam sim ntawd? Thiab ces - thiab xav!

Hauv qhov kev nkag siab no, ntau Anglicisms, uas qee zaum raug yuam, thiab ntau zaus rau lub hom phiaj ntawm kev zam, tau nruab nrog cov lus ntawm kev tshaj tawm kev tshawb fawb - qhov no tsuas yog "pib kab mob." Qhov kawg yuav, pom tseeb, yog qhov kev hloov pauv mus rau cov tsiaj ntawv Latin, raws li qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog Bolshevik thoob ntiaj teb xav tau tom qab lub kiv puag ncig.

Thaum peb tus kws tshawb fawb zoo Mikhailo Lomonosov, kov yeej kev tswj hwm ntawm German thiab Fab Kis cov lus tshawb fawb, tau qhia rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub cov lus: "kev paub", "khoom", "phenomenon", "mine", "pendulum", "drawing" thiab ntau lwm tus.. Thiab tam sim no lawv xav yuam kom peb "hais lus" txawm nyob rau hauv lub sovereign cheeb tsam - Lavxias teb sab lus, Lavxias teb sab xav, Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm.

Ua raws li cov kws tshawb fawb, kev tawm tsam tawm tsam cov lus qhia tshiab ntawm Ministry of Education thiab Science tau nthuav tawm los ntawm Academic Council ntawm Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Ntiaj Teb Cov Ntawv Sau. A. M. Gorky (IMLI RAS). Tsab ntawv qhib ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb txog kev sau ntawv, tshwj xeeb, hais tias: "Tshaj qhov kev txwv ntawm kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev ua tau zoo, muaj cov kev tshawb fawb (…) uas tsim lub teb chaws thiab kab lis kev cai cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm peb lub teb chaws." Thiab ntxiv rau nws tau teev tseg: "Rau cov kws sau ntawv thiab cov neeg sau ntawv, kev qhia txog qhov kev coj ua no txhais tau tias" tawm ntawm cov phiaj xwm" lub ntsiab, tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab kev tshawb fawb tseem ceeb tshaj plaws - ua haujlwm ntawm kev kawm sau ua haujlwm thiab monuments ntawm ntiaj teb cov ntaub ntawv, cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb. keeb kwm, serial luam tawm xws li "Literary cuab yeej cuab tam" thiab "Literary monuments"".

Cov ntsiab lus ntawm lawv qhov kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm Ministerial "Methodology" suab nyuaj heev:

Yuav kom lees txais nws yog qhov tseeb kom pom zoo rau "tus kheej-kua" ntawm tib neeg thiab kev kos duab

Ib qho kev ntsuam xyuas zoo sib xws ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tau nthuav tawm hauv nws tsab ntawv mus rau Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Lavxias Academy ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb thiab Kev Kawm-Secretary ntawm Department of Historical thiab Philological Sciences ntawm Academy Valery Tishkov. Thiab tom qab ntawd Pawg Saib Xyuas Kev Kawm ntawm Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Anthropology thiab Ethnography muaj npe tom qab V. I. Peter the Great (Kunstkamera) RAS. Nws tuaj yeem xav tias tus naj npawb ntawm "Protestants" yuav nce ntxiv.

RAS: sib ntaus nrog lub taub hau

Nws yog "kub" ntawm lub rooj sib tham ntawm RAS Presidium nyob rau lub Ob Hlis 11, qhov twg tus tshiab lub taub hau ntawm Ministry of Education thiab Science Valery Falkov tuaj txog nrog nws peb deputies. Daim ntawv qhia ntxaws ntxaws ntawm cov qauv tshiab rau kev tshaj tawm kev ua tau zoo tau ua los ntawm Tus Lwm Thawj Fwm Tsav Tebchaws Sergei Kuzmin thiab Tus Thawj Saib Xyuas Kev Tshawb Fawb ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Physics muaj npe tom qab. P. N. Lebedev RAS Andrey Kolobov. Tus thawj coj ntawm lub rooj sib tham, RAS Thawj Tswj Hwm Alexander Sergeev, tau muab tso rau hauv lub thesis hais tias qhov kev thov "Txoj Kev" yog tsim nyog, txawm hais tias nws xav tau kev txhim kho, txij li thaum nws tau txais yuav sai heev vim hais tias ntawm lub "xyoo nyiaj txiag" hnub kawg. Txawm li cas los xij, txawm hais tias qhov kev txiav txim siab no "kev npaj phom loj", qee cov kws tshaj lij tau tawm tsam. Ntxiv mus, kev thuam tau hais tsis yog los ntawm ib feem ntawm tib neeg.

Nyob rau hauv cov lus teb rau cov lus nug los ntawm Constantinople txog kev tawm tsam ntawm philosophers, sau ntawv thuam thiab keeb kwm, nug tus Minister, Valery Nikolayevich tau cog lus nyob rau hauv ib tug me me diplomatic yam ntxwv mus ntsib nrog cov kev tshawb fawb pab pawg ntawm lub koom haum, ua qhov tsim nyog hloov, thiab daws qhov teeb meem tsis sib haum xeeb.. Zoo, nws teb tau dab tsi ntxiv?

Falkov tseem tuaj yeem nkag siab: nws nyuam qhuav tuaj rau ib qho chaw nrog, muab nws me me, txoj kev "legacy", tam sim no "Txoj Kev" tsis tau tsim nyob rau hauv nws. Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, nws tau tswj hwm kom tshem tawm qhov tsis txaus ntseeg "cov cai tshwj xeeb" ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm Lavxias cov kws tshawb fawb nrog cov npoj yaig txawv teb chaws, qhia los ntawm nws tus thawj coj hauv pawg thawj coj. Tej zaum, qee yam kev kho yuav tshwm sim hauv scientometrics, tshem tawm cov kev xav tsis zoo tshaj plaws uas tsis yooj yim sua. Tej zaum txawm tias "steering sciences" yuav paub tias physicists thiab biologists tsis tuaj yeem raug txiav nrog tib txhuam raws li tib neeg thiab cov neeg ua liaj ua teb.

Feem ntau, koj tuaj yeem nkag siab txhua tus. Yog, qhov kawg nkaus xwb? Puas yog Lavxias txoj kev tshawb fawb mus rau qhov kev taw qhia, lossis zoo dua, puas yog coj? Tau kawg, kev tshaj tawm txog cov peev nyiaj siv nyiaj txiag tseem ceeb hauv cheeb tsam no thiab. Physicist Lev Artsimovich lub ingenious mis "Science yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws txoj kev kom txaus siab rau tus kheej xav paub nyob rau hauv tus nqi ntawm lub xeev" yog tsis comme il faut hnub no. Tab sis, tej zaum, ntawm txoj kev tswj hwm thiab kev suav nyiaj, nws tseem tsim nyog sim tsis txhob taug kev hauv cov tsheb thauj mus los tom qab Anglo-Saxon locomotives hauv kev tswj hwm cov kab ke uas yog neeg txawv teb chaws rau peb?

Tsis yog, tsis txhob thim mus rau hauv tus kheej, uas nyob rau hauv kev tshawb fawb yog ruam thiab tsis yooj yim sua, tab sis thaum kawg tsim koj tus kheej kev ntsuam xyuas abscissa thiab ordinate, rov qab los ntawm ob feem ntawm Soviet kev paub thiab dab tsi tau yug los nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws, tab sis tsis tsim. Piv txwv li, qhov kev tshawb pom thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm tus kws lej Lavxias teb sab zoo tshaj plaws thiab tus kws tshawb fawb Vasily Nalimov, uas, qhov tseeb, tau qhia lo lus "scientometrics" rau hauv kev tshawb fawb.

Thiab Hirshi rau peb ces koj Scopuses?