Astral myths xwb ntawm prehistoric Russia

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Tib neeg kev txawj ntse yog tshwm sim los ntawm lub peev xwm mus rau lub siab tshaj plaws daim ntawv ntawm kev nkag siab lub ntsiab ntawm phenomena, ib tug kawm circus tsiaj kuj nyeem tau lub "chronicle".

Tab sis tsis yog txhua leej txhua tus muaj peev xwm to taub dab tsi yog sau.

Koj tsis tas yuav mus qhov twg los ua pov thawj. Peb tuaj yeem ua peb qhov kev sim nrog koj nyob ntawm no ntawm nplooj ntawv no.

Nov yog ib txoj haujlwm rau koj. Nyeem qhov "chronicle" nkag thiab piav qhia nws lub ntsiab lus: "Dub, crooked, txhua tus neeg ruam thaum yug los. Yog lawv sawv ua ke, lawv yuav hais tam sim no.” Tsis yog, cov no tsis yog cov hauj sam lossis cov pab pawg neeg tsis paub hais lus, uas tsuas yog tom qab qhia kom hais lus.

Cov kab lus no qhia txog cov xwm txheej sib txawv uas tsis muaj feem cuam tshuam rau lub cev, lossis kev ntseeg, lossis rau tus neeg ntawm haiv neeg. Qhov no yog ib tug pej xeem Lavxias teb sab riddle, thiab cov lus teb yog "cov ntawv".

Lwm txoj hauj lwm, zoo ib yam li thawj zaug, tab sis cov kab lus txawv: "Cov tsev dub, zoo li lawv tau strung, Thomas xav txog - nws tau txais nws lub siab." Thiab nyob rau hauv cov kab lus no, nws tsis yog encrypted txhua yam, thaum xub thawj siab ib muag, yog nyeem. Cov ntawv tib yam yog encrypted ntawm no.

Tom qab ntawd vim li cas peb thiaj yuam kom coj cov lus piav qhia zoo sib xws: "Vladimir tau kov yeej los ntawm kev ntshaw, thiab nws muaj poj niam … thiab nws muaj 300 tus poj niam hauv Vyshgorod, 300 hauv Belgorod thiab 200 ntawm Berestovo. Thiab nws yog insatiable nyob rau hauv kev nkauj kev nraug, coj cov poj niam sib yuav rau nws thiab corrupting ntxhais”(Tales of Bygone Years)? Thiab lawv yuam kom peb tsis tsuas yog xav paub, tab sis kuj ntseeg tias qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb no, raug liam tias yog "kev piav qhia tseeb ntawm cov xwm txheej keeb kwm uas tshwm sim hauv Russia."

Kev txawj ntse ntawm tus me nyuam tau tsim nyob rau hauv Russia nrog riddles - thiab niaj hnub no peb tab tom txhim kho peb cov menyuam nyob rau hauv tib txoj kev. Tab sis cov pov thawj txawv teb chaws thiab keeb kwm tsis tuaj yeem nkag siab cov lus piav qhia - tom qab tag nrho, qhov no tsis yog lawv cov kev lig kev cai! Thiab txij li kev lig kev cai yog neeg txawv teb chaws, ces nws tsis txaus siab rau. Thiab yog li ntawd, cov neeg txawv teb chaws, uas nyob rau ntawm lub helm ntawm Lavxias teb sab kev paub, muab txhua yam sab hauv tawm.

Myth yog txoj kev qub tshaj plaws ntawm kev khaws cov ntaub ntawv. Nws yog qhov tshwj xeeb uas nws yog tib txoj kev uas tuaj yeem siv tau txhua lub sijhawm yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam pom. Yog tias cov ntaub ntawv sau tseg, daim kab xev sib nqus, cov ntawv kaw lus, floppy disks, thiab lwm yam. sai sai ploj mus rau hauv oblivion, ces myths xwb tsis ntshai ntawm ib qho kev hloov ntawm cov cab kuj los yog ib tug hloov nyob rau hauv lus.

Txiv neej nco txog dab neeg, txiv neej khaws thiab tsim dua txiv neej. Yog li ntawd, myths xwb muaj sia nyob ntev npaum li tus neeg nws tus kheej tseem muaj sia nyob.

Tus neeg twg uas xav siv cov ntaub ntawv zais rau hauv dab neeg dab neeg tsuas yog yuav tsum muaj ib qho xwb: kom nkag siab txog dab neeg. Nyob rau hauv Russia, txhua lub sij hawm, kev nkag siab ntawm myths xwb twb tuned nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov thaum yau. Cov no yog cov lus Lavxias.

Cov me nyuam kawm to taub cov lus ntawm poetic cim los ntawm Lavxias teb sab riddle. Thiab ces, twb me ntsis laus dua, tus me nyuam hloov mus rau Lavxias teb sab fairy tales, yeej to taub cov lus ntawm cov cim encoded nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab fairy tales.

Thaum pib, peb tau hais txog ob qhov tsis paub meej ntawm Vologda Oblast ua cov ntawv sau rau cov ntawv no. Nov yog qee cov lus qhia ntxiv:

• "Lub ci ntawm pies yog puv, thiab nyob rau hauv nruab nrab muaj ib tug korovai" (hnub qub thiab ib hlis).
• "Muaj ntau tus nyuj Beliansky nyob rau hauv Italian teb; ib tug me nyuam yug yaj zoo li ib tug ncuav mog qab zib "(hnub qub thiab ib hlis).
• "Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub Polish yog lub crest ntawm senets" (hli nyob rau hauv lub ntuj).
• “Muaj ib tsob ntoo uas tsis muaj cag, muaj ib tug noog uas tsis muaj tis ya rau ntawm nws; ib tug ntxhais uas tsis muaj qhov ncauj los noj ib tug noog uas tsis muaj tis” (lub ntiaj teb, daus thiab hnub).
• “Zayushka-nce, pw ntawm kuv; koj mob, kuv zoo heev” (dawb nyob rau hauv av).
• "Baba Yaga, nws txhais ceg tawg, tag nrho lub ntiaj teb tab tom noj, tab sis nws tus kheej tshaib plab" (ploj).
• "Puas muaj ib tug neeg zoo li Ivan Pyatakov? Nws tau caij nees thiab caij mus rau hauv qhov hluav taws "(lub lauj kaub) (tom qab phau ntawv. Cov nkauj, zaj dab neeg, cov lus pov thawj, cov lus hais, cov lus sib dhos sau los ntawm NA Ivanitsky hauv cheeb tsam Vologda. Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Lavxias Lavxias ntawm Academy ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb ntawm USSR. 1960).

Twb tau los ntawm cov riddles no nws yog tseeb hais tias rau kev piav qhia ntawm tej yam ntuj tso phenomena nyob rau hauv Russia los ntawm ancient sij hawm ib tug tshwj xeeb hom lus tau siv - cov lus ntawm lub ntsiab lus piv txwv - thaum lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim siab yog pauv mus rau lawv cov qauv, sawv cev los ntawm lwm yam khoom., khoom, phenomena.

Siv cov lus piv txwv, cov neeg Lavxias hu ua qhov chaw qhov cub, pies - hnub qub, thiab ib hlis - ib lub ncuav. Nyob rau hauv riddles, tej yam yees siv lub teb chaws tau yug los, uas tom qab ntawd los ua "REAL" (keeb kwm) xeev - Ltalis, piv txwv li.

Cov riddles nthuav qhia kev pab kom nkag siab, thaum kawg, dab tsi yog encrypted nyob rau hauv cov dab neeg nto moo ntawm Baba Yaga. Ivan, uas Baba Yaga muab tso rau hauv qhov cub, tiag tiag yog lub lauj kaub ntawm porridge los yog kua zaub, thiab Baba Yaga nws tus kheej yog ib qho yooj yim plow.

Cov neeg Lavxias tau kawm hom lus no thiab nkag siab nws. Cov neeg txawv teb chaws pom cov lus tsis txaus ntseeg thiab tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm lawv "lub ntsej muag tus nqi" thiab raws li lawv qhov kev nkag siab tsis zoo lawv tsim "tiag tiag" keeb kwm ntawm Russia.

Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ntseeg siab ntawm kev sau ntawv ntawm cov neeg txawv teb chaws, Russia tau tso tseg yam tsis muaj keeb kwm, thiab lub ntiaj teb tau muaj cov xwm txheej vwm uas tsis muaj nyob hauv kev muaj tiag thiab tsuas yog muaj nyob hauv cov dab neeg thiab cov lus tsis sib xws. Thiab tawm tsam cov keeb kwm no, cov neeg txawv teb chaws lawv tus kheej tau txais "zoo", tab sis tsis muaj keeb kwm yav dhau los.

Cia peb tig mus rau ib qho ntawm cov lus piav qhia saum toj no - Vologda riddle "Muaj ntau Beliansky nyuj nyob rau hauv Italian teb; ib tug me nyuam yug yaj zoo li ib tug ncuav mog qab zib." Hauv tebchaws Russia, txawm tias menyuam yaus paub cov lus teb - cov no yog cov hnub qub thiab lub hli. Western historians tau ncaj nraim. Hauv ob qho kev xav, ncaj. Lawv ua rau Ltalis ua lub tebchaws tiag tiag, thiab tau tso nws cov lus qhia los ntawm cov lus Lavxias.

Qhov no yog li cas siv thiab cov ntawv xov xwm encyclopedia niaj hnub no piav qhia txog keeb kwm ntawm lub ntsiab lus ntawm Ltalis. Lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm lo lus Italia, lawv hais, tsis paub meej. Raws li qhov feem ntau pom, lo lus los ntawm tim Nkij teb chaws thiab txhais tau tias "lub teb chaws ntawm nyuj" - Italian. Italia, ib. Italia, Osc. Viteliu ("lub teb chaws ntawm bulls") - peb pom tib lub Italian teb nrog Beliansky nyuj.

Thiab tom qab ntawd cov kws tshawb fawb etymologists piav qhia tias vim li cas qhov kev siv rau tus nyuj yog siv los ntawm lub tebchaws no. Nws hloov tawm tias tus nyuj yog ib lub cim ntawm cov neeg nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm Ltalis, thiab feem ntau tau piav qhia butting Roman Hma. Tus kws tshaj lij hauv kev ua cim paub, thiab tus uas tsis paub tam sim ntawd nkag siab: hauv qhov kev tawm tsam no, zaj dab neeg paub zoo txog George thiab Snake tau muab zais rau txhua tus.

Thiab tsis muaj leej twg yuav hu lub teb chaws rau xws li ib tug trifle. Tsis tas li ntawd, txhua lub tebchaws, tsis muaj qhov tshwj xeeb, tau dhau los ntawm theem ntawm kev pe hawm nyuj hauv lawv keeb kwm - tab sis lawv tsis tau dhau los ua "Italians".

Qhov no tsuas yog ib qho piv txwv, thiab muaj ntau ntawm lawv nyob rau txhua kauj ruam ntawm kev paub. Piv txwv li, Ameslikas lub npe Italia tsuas yog siv rau thaj tsam ntawm thaj chaw uas tam sim no nyob rau yav qab teb Ltalis (tam sim no lub xeev ntawm Calabria). Vim li cas qhov no hu ua Ltalis?

Astral myths xwb

Astral myths xwb yog cov pov thawj tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm tib neeg kev vam meej niaj hnub no. Cov no yog cov dab neeg uas tau kho nyob rau hauv tib neeg nco txog tus cwj pwm ntawm ib tug txiv neej thaum ub rau cosmic khoom - hnub qub, lub sij hawm, qhov chaw, constellation, thiab lwm yam.

Astral myths xwb tso cai rau culturologists qhia cov txheej thaum ub feem ntau ntawm tib neeg keeb kwm - cov txheej txheem uas tsis muaj kev paub txog keeb kwm yav dhau los tuaj yeem ncav cuag.

Nws yog vim li no tias txhua txoj kev kawm ntawm kev vam meej yuav tsum pib nrog kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm astral mythology. Nws puas muaj? Nws zoo li cas? Leej twg yog nws cov cim tseem ceeb? Dab tsi yog astral kev ua yeeb yam thiab cov xwm txheej? Cov lus teb rau cov lus nug no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm rov tsim ib daim duab ntawm cov hnub dhau mus nrog qhov kev ntseeg siab uas tsis muaj lwm txoj kev tshawb fawb tuaj yeem muab tau.

Biological khoom ntawm mythology

Hauv astronomical myths xwb, tsuas yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws tshwm sim tuaj yeem dhau los ua qhov khoom ntawm kev tsim dab neeg. Tias yog vim li cas cov lus dab neeg astronomical qhia txog qhov chaw, keeb kwm ntawm lub neej, hnub qub, keeb kwm ntawm tus txiv neej, nws cov poj koob yawm txwv, thiab lwm yam. Tsiaj txhu kuj tau los ua neeg koom nrog cov dab neeg, tab sis tsuas yog cov uas nyob hauv qhov chaw tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv lub neej ntawm tus txiv neej thaum ub.

Lub degree ntawm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm no los yog tus tsiaj, ntses, los yog noog tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev tshawb fawb archaeological pom los ntawm Mesolithic ntawm Lavxias teb sab Plain.

Nco ntsoov, tawm tsam qhov kev xav tsis zoo ntawm cov glaciers thiab tundra ntawm Lavxias Plain, "tam sim no los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm Lub Caij Nplooj Ntoos Zeeg, thoob plaws hauv Mesolithic, tsuas yog hav zoov fauna sawv cev hauv cheeb tsam."

(Kirillova I. V., Fauna of mammals of the Ivanovskoye settlement 7. 2002; Chaix Louis. The Fauna of Zamostje. In: Lozovski V. M. 1996. Zamostje 2. Editions du CEDARC, Treignes. 1996).

Cov dab neeg hais txog glaciers yog ib yam ntawm yav dhau los, thiab yog li ntawd peb yuav tsis nyob twj ywm rau lawv.

Thiab peb yuav tsis lees paub ib qho ntxiv - hais txog tus reindeer: "Nws yuav tsum tau lees paub tias qhov kev xav ntawm lub neej ntawm cov neeg yos hav zoov reindeer hauv thaj chaw kawm nyob rau hauv Mesolithic thaum ntxov thiab lawv txoj kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw mus rau sab hnub tuaj tom qab cov reindeer tawm thaum pib ntawm Holocene. yuav tsum tau lees paub tias yog qhov qub"

(Zhilin MG, Hunting and fishing in the Mesolithic of the Volga-Oka interfluve // Northern Archaeological Congress. Reports. Khanty-Mansiysk. 2002).

Cov seem ntawm reindeer tau pom tsuas yog nyob rau hauv ib feem ntawm Mesolithic settlements thiab nyob rau hauv tsawg heev - tsawg tshaj li 1 feem pua. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias DEER tsis tuaj yeem yog ib qho khoom ntawm kev ua dab neeg.

Nyob rau hauv lub neej ntawm Mesolithic txiv neej ntawm qhov chaw ntawm Lavxias teb sab Plain, "tus elk ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb"

(Zhilin MG, Hunting and fishing in the Mesolithic of the Volga-Oka interfluve. 2002) yog cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov lus dab neeg thaum ub Lavxias teb sab.

Cov tsiaj no tau piav qhia hauv daim duab ntawm lub hnub qub Elk thiab Calf - Ursa Major thiab Ursa Minor, raws li. "Elk thiab beaver muaj nyob rau hauv txhua qhov chaw, thiab lawv tseem ceeb heev nyob txhua qhov chaw (yog tias peb tsis suav nrog cov pob txha dej hauv qee qhov chaw). Cov tsiaj no yog sawv cev los ntawm yuav luag txhua qhov chaw ntawm lub cev pob txha, uas qhia tau hais tias lawv raug coj (hauv tag nrho lossis ib feem) thiab muab pov tseg hauv qhov chaw nres tsheb."

(Zhilin M. G., 2002).

Rice. 1. Daim ntawv qhia txog kev faib tawm ntawm Hiav Txwv Dawb petroglyphs (pom los ntawm ib daim duab ntawm ib tug elk)

thiab thaj chaw qub txeeg qub teg (pom hauv cov voj voog dub).

Hauv daim duab. 1 qhia ib daim ntawv qhia txog kev faib tawm ntawm Hiav Txwv Dawb petroglyphs thiab cov chaw nyob thaum ub. Kev mloog yog kos rau lub npe ntawm lub zos Matigora - uas yog, Niam Roob. Qhov no yog ib tug relics ntawm lub tswvyim ntawm lub Center ntawm lub ntiaj teb no.

Thiab hauv daim duab. 2 qhia ib qho piv txwv ntawm Hiav Txwv Dawb petroglyphs - cov no yog moose. Lawv cov dluab yeej nyob ntawm no monument, paub meej tias qhov tseem ceeb ntawm tus tsiaj no rau cov neeg thaum ub. Lub hnub nyoog ntawm lub monument yog Mesolithic. Qhov no yog raws nraim lub sij hawm thaum lub myths xwb nrog kev koom tes ntawm cov elk coj zoo.

Rice. 2. Hiav Txwv Dawb petroglyphs (moose).

Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm elk thiab beaver rau lub neej ntawm Mesolithic txiv neej ntawm qhov chaw ntawm Lavxias teb sab Plain MG. Zhilin kuj hais tias: “Ib tug tsis tuaj yeem tsis nco txog kev khaws cia ntawm kev yos hav zoov ib txwm muaj … Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas cov elk thiab beaver tuav lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev yos hav zoov hauv Volga-Oka cuam tshuam thoob plaws hauv Neolithic thaum ntxov; thiab txawm nyob hauv nruab nrab Neolithic"

(Zhilin MG., 2002), uas yog, los ntawm lub xyoo pua 15th BC. mus txog rau xyoo pua 4th BC

Nyob rau hauv Mesolithic qhov chaw ntawm qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm Lavxias teb sab Plain, "lub qhov dej thiab tus dev nyob hauv txoj haujlwm tshwj xeeb" (Zhilin MG, 2002). Lub vole muab ob peb cov duab zoo heev ib zaug - qhov no yog tus nas ua txhaum, thiab tus nas uas pab rub tawm lub turnip, thiab nas uas tawg lub qe golden, thiab lwm yam.

Tus neeg yos hav zoov tus pab cuam tseem ceeb yog dev. "Tus dev yog sawv cev hauv Volga-Oka cuam tshuam thoob plaws Mesolithic. Nws yog tus tsiaj xwb. Txawm li cas los xij, lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm tus dev ua tus pab tua tsiaj yog qhov tsis ntseeg."

(Zhilin M. G., 2002). Tus dev muab cov duab zoo li no ntawm Lavxias teb sab fairy tales, zoo li Beetle, uas pab rub tawm tib lub turnip.

Lwm tus neeg koom nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab lus dab neeg yog dais. Western propaganda yeej siv zog khi nws mus rau cov duab ntawm ib tug neeg Lavxias teb sab. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv kev muaj tiag, txhua yam txawv kiag li. "Ib tug dais xim av tau pom nyob rau hauv yuav luag txhua qhov chaw, thaum qhov kev faib ua feem ntawm nws cov pob txha yog heev me me thiab tsuas yog cais ib feem ntawm lub cev pob txha yog sawv cev" (Zhilin MG, 2002).

Qhov no qhia tau hais tias mythologization ntawm dais thiab adhesion ntawm nws cov duab nrog lub hnub qub Ursa Major thiab Ursa Minor tau tshwm sim tom qab lub sijhawm. Thiab, tej zaum, tsis nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab cawv, rau Lavxias teb sab lub npe ntawm cov constellation yog txawv kiag li.

Nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab fairy tales, tus dais tsis tshua pom nyob rau hauv ib tug zoo yam. Txawm nyob rau hauv tib lub Teremka, tus dais ua raws li ib tug destroyer. Nyob rau hauv ob los yog peb lub Lavxias teb sab fairy tales rau cov me nyuam, tus dais yog ib tug tsis zoo ua cim. Thiab rau cov neeg laus muaj lwm zaj dab neeg - Tsar Xyooj, uas tsis muaj dab tsi ua nrog dais txhua.

Cov no yuav yog etymologists uas tsis to taub cov lus Lavxias, rau qee qhov laj thawj txiav txim siab tias WITCH (lo lus yog muab los ntawm "WITCH", uas yog, WITCH yog huab tais ntawm dab, lossis tus dab dab) thiab BEAR yog ib thiab ib yam. Yog li ntawd nws hloov tawm hais tias tus dab- dais ntawm tus huab tais qub ntawm lub qhov dej grabs hwj txwv.

Dais tsis muaj lub ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab kab lis kev cai. Nws cov duab raug yuam los ntawm cov ntseeg Vajtswv lig thiab tsuas yog txhawm rau muab piv rau Lavxias teb sab cov neeg ua liaj ua teb nrog lub shaggy thiab uncouth simpleton - dais, thiab los ntawm kev kov yeej tus dais ntawm kev ncaj ncees thiab ntawm lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab ntawm lub nroog, cov ntseeg tau pom lawv txoj kev yeej ntawm tus txiv neej Lavxias.. Yog li ntawd, tus dais yog lub cim hloov pauv.

Tus so ntawm cov tsiaj yog sawv cev los ntawm lawv cov pob txha tseem nyob hauv qhov ntau tsawg dua 1 feem pua. Thiab, ntawm chav kawm, cov neeg yos hav zoov tua lawv nyob rau lub sijhawm, tab sis cov tsiaj zoo li no tsis tuaj yeem dag ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm myths xwb - lawv tsis sawv cev rau txhua hnub lossis mythological nyiam.

Ntawm cov noog uas ntes tau, "qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov ducks dej" tau sau tseg (Zhilin MG, 2002). Cov dluab ntawm ducks paub nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab fairy taleas kos duab, nyob rau hauv paj ntaub, nyob rau hauv lub nroog architecture. Ua ntej qaib nkag mus rau hauv tebchaws Russia, duck yog cov noog tshaj plaws, thiab yog li ntawd nws tau nkag mus rau hauv myths xwb.

Thaj, os yog hom tsiaj uas nkag tau yooj yim tshaj plaws, vim hais tias nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm nws cov duab cov lus dab neeg qub tshaj plaws txog kev tsim lub ntiaj teb tau tsim: Grey Duck swam hauv dej hiav txwv (Oka) (Tyunyaev AA, Etymology ntawm lub npe. ntawm Lavxias teb sab dej Oka thiab lub sij hawm "Hiav txwv". 2008) thiab, dhia dej, cob qhia lub ntiaj teb.

Rice. 3. Onega petroglyphs.

Hauv daim duab. 3 qhia txog Onega petroglyphs. Lawv qhov chaw nyob ntawm ntug dej sab xis ntawm Lake Onega tau pom nrog lub cim duck. Thiab ntawm txoj cai yog cov piv txwv ntawm xws li os, cov dluab ntawm uas yeej nyob rau hauv lub pob zeb ntawm cheeb tsam no. Tseem muaj cov hais saum toj no. Onega petroglyphs tau tso tseg los ntawm cov neeg Neolithic, 4th - 3rd xyoo txhiab BC. (Karelia: encyclopedia / A. F. Titov. Petrozavodsk, 2009).

Qee cov kws tshawb fawb ntseeg tias tsis yog ducks yog piav qhia, tab sis swans. Nyob rau hauv peb lub tswv yim, swan yog ib tug lig kev loj hlob ntawm cov duab duck. Cov duck personified ib tug tsiaj uas nyob ntawm ciam teb ntawm lub ntiaj teb no: nyob rau hauv huab cua thiab nyob rau hauv dej. Tom qab ntawd, txoj haujlwm no tau hloov mus rau swan, tab sis nws nres dhia, thiab pib ya hla tus dej Smorodina - mus rau thaj av ntawm cov neeg tuag.

Hauv daim duab. 4 qhia tau hais tias txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov duab ntawm ib tug os, feem ntau nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb cheeb tsam ntawm Russia, uas yog, nyob rau hauv lub petroglyphs nthuav tawm. Thov nco ntsoov tias tus kwv tij os muaj lub caj dab ntev, zoo li swan lossis zoo li noog uas tau piav qhia hauv petroglyphs.

Rice. 4. Duck ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab mythological kos duab:

1 - outrigger ladle, 18th caug xyoo, Yaroslavl cheeb tsam, carving, painting; 2 - scoop-staple, Russia North. 2 pem teb 18th caug xyoo, Lavxias teb sab Tsev khaws puav pheej, Leningrad;

3 - khob khob; 4 - sculptural dluab ntawm ib tug os, Jena kab lis kev cai, Lavxias teb sab Plain, Mesolithic (Zhilin MG., Mesolithic pob txha kev lag luam ntawm lub hav zoov cheeb tsam ntawm Eastern Europe. - M. 2001); 5 - kwv tij nrog thoob, khokhloma (T. Belyantseva, 1980).

Ntawm cov ntses: Pike yog lub ntsiab nuv ntses ntawm qhov chaw tshawb fawb. Ntawm txhua qhov chaw suav tias, pike predominates, suav rau feem ntau ntawm cov pob txha ntses, thiab feem ntau ntau dua 80 feem pua ”(Zhilin MG 2002).

Nws yog elk, beaver, aub, os thiab pike uas yog cov cim ntawm feem ntau ancient myths xwb thiab fairy tales. Ua tiav los ntawm archaeological pom ntawm cov tsiaj no, muaj raws li kev ntseeg txog lawv qhov tseem ceeb rau cov txiv neej thaum ub, thiab lub sij hawm ntawm mythologization nws tus kheej, nyob rau hauv peb lub tswv yim, yuav tsum tau ntaus nqi mus rau lub sij hawm ntawm kev siv ntau ntawm cov tsiaj.

Ntawd yog, los ntawm lub sijhawm Mesolithic, archaeological kab lis kev cai ntawm qhov chaw ntawm Lavxias teb sab Plain yog yam ntxwv rau lub sij hawm ntawm 15 mus rau 7 txhiab BC. Txawm hais tias cov hnub no yuav raug hloov mus rau hauv cov pawg sib sib zog nqus ntawm tib neeg keeb kwm.

Tus neeg yos hav zoov thiab nees yog cov khoom ntawm mythology

Tus neeg yos hav zoov thaum ub nyob rau hauv ko taw. Ntawm cov tsheb uas nyob ntawm nws pov tseg, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg ib lub nkoj nrog oars thiab SKIS (Zhilin MG. 2001). Ob qho tib si ntawm kev thauj mus los no tau sau tseg archaeologically ntawm ntau qhov chaw Mesolithic nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm Lavxias teb sab Plain.

Hauv daim duab. 5 qhia txog petroglyph piav txog lub nkoj. Kev saib xyuas yog kos rau qhov loj ntawm lub nkoj - nws haum TWELVE cov neeg, thiab tseem xyuam xim rau SAIL thiab txoj hlua los ntawm harpoon, uas yog pov los ntawm tus neeg yos hav zoov uas yog tus hneev nti ntawm lub nkoj.

Rice. 5. Dej Hiav Txwv Dawb petroglyphs.

Tab sis nyob rau hauv Upper Paleolithic, tej nkoj nquam thiab skis tsis tau lees paub. Nws ua raws li qhov hais txog lub nkoj thiab caij ski hauv cov dab neeg thaum ub tuaj yeem raug ntaus nqi, thaum ntxov, tsuas yog rau 15 - 7 txhiab BC. Thiab yog hais tias peb mus los ntawm qhov pom, ces los ntawm txog 11th txhiab xyoo BC. nkoj thiab caij ski tshwm sim.

Tab sis cov hnub no tsuas yog siv tau rau qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm Lavxias teb sab Plain. Rau lwm qhov chaw, nkoj thiab caij skis tsuas yog hnub rov qab mus rau Neolithic thaum ntxov.

Cov cuab yeej ntawm cov neeg yos hav zoov thaum ub pib suav nrog hneev nti, xub xub nrog ntau hom ntsiab lus, darts, hmuv, hmuv, rods nuv ntses, nets, pawns, nuv ntses pas nrig rau lub caij ntuj no nuv ntses dej khov, tsis muaj dab tsi, botal, thiab lwm yam. Tag nrho cov no muaj nyob rau hauv abundance. nyob rau txhua qhov chaw Mesolithic ntawm Lavxias teb sab Plain. "Tus hneev thiab xub yog riam phom tua tsiaj loj hauv Mesolithic ntawm Volga-Oka cuam tshuam" (Zhilin MG 2002).

Thiab nyob rau lub sijhawm dhau los, ntau yam riam phom no twb muaj lawm. Tsuas yog tus hneev thiab xub yog nug.

Rice. 6. Dej Hiav Txwv Dawb petroglyphs.

Tab sis rau lub Mesolithic ntawm Lavxias teb sab Plain, hneev thiab xub yog ib yam riam phom. Nws tau raug lees paub los ntawm cov duab ntawm Hiav Txwv Dawb petroglyphs, nrog rau ntau qhov kev tshawb nrhiav keeb kwm ntawm hom riam phom no. Yog li ntawd, xws li riam phom ntawm ib tug tub rog thaum ub, muaj npe nyob rau hauv dab neeg, tuaj yeem sau hnub rau txhua lub sijhawm.

Ntawm cov tsheb uas cov neeg yos hav zoov thaum ub tuaj yeem siv tau, ELK yuav tsum raug ntaus nqi. Ntau cov sleds thiab sleds tau pom nyob rau hauv Mesolithic qhov chaw ntawm Lavxias teb sab Plain.

Lub sled yog ib qho khoom siv thauj khoom ntawm cov neeg khiav dej num, qhov hla ntawm qhov uas yuav luag tiaj tus, thiab lub hauv ntej kawg yog nyias thiab khoov mus rau sab saud. Qhov ntev ntawm lub sled mus txog 4 m.

Cov sledges muaj ib tug complex system ntawm qhov chaw, uas muaj ntsug struts, siv straps thiab ib tug plank platform. Qhov ntev ntawm lub sleigh tshaj 3 m (Virginsky BC., Essays ntawm keeb kwm ntawm science thiab technology los ntawm ancient sij hawm mus rau nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 15th. 1993).

Rice. 7. Dej Hiav Txwv Dawb petroglyphs.

Thaum tsis muaj lwm lub zog rub, cov sleds thiab sleds tsuas yog rub los ntawm moose. Cov tsiaj no, raws li peb twb tau hais lawm, tau siv ntau heev hauv kev lag luam ntawm Mesolithic txiv neej nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm Lavxias teb sab Plain. Hauv daim duab. 7 qhia txog ib feem ntawm Lub Hiav Txwv Dawb petroglyphs, uas qhia txog ib tug txiv neej caij skiing rau lub moose (cov neeg nyob ze kuj pom skiing).

Ntxiv mus, los ntawm cov muaj pes tsawg leeg, nws tuaj yeem xav tias tus neeg tsav tsheb rau moose siv lub reins. Ntawd yog, elk nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yog ib tug qauv tsiaj. Peb pom cov duab zoo sib xws ntawm daim ntawv qhia medieval.

Yog li, nyob rau hauv Mesolithic ntawm Lavxias teb sab Plain, tib neeg twb siv ob qho tib si skis thiab moose li thauj. Lawm, ob qho tib si yog reflected nyob rau hauv myths xwb.

Rice. 8. Elks harnessed mus rau ib tug sleigh, nyob rau hauv daim ntawv qhia ntawm 1539 (Olaus Magnus daim ntawv qhia ntawm Scandinavia);

ntawm sab xis - ntawm daim ntawv qhia "Siberian haiv neeg raws li piav nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th Remezov Chronicle".

Thiab tseem moose tau nyob hauv tsev mus txog rau nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th. Hauv qee lub tebchaws, txawm tias nyob rau hauv peb lub sijhawm (thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th) lawv tau ua haujlwm hauv tub rog, thauj mail, rub sledges thiab ua haujlwm rau caij (Tyunyaev A. A., Cov moose hauv tebchaws tau paub hauv tebchaws Russia txij li Mesolithic. 2009).

Cov kws paub txog kev yug me nyuam niaj hnub no tau hais tias "lub moose tsis tas yuav tsum tau nyob hauv tsev, nws yog ib qho kev npaj ua tsiaj yog tias nws loj hlob zoo" (Sumarokovskaya moose farm, website moosefarm.ru, 2009). Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum hais txog kev tsim cov mis nyuj los ua khoom noj.

“Cov poj niam uas yug me nyuam hauv liaj teb, tsis tshua muaj qhov tshwj xeeb, tsis txhob mus ntxiv ntau tshaj li ob peb mais mus rau zaub mov thiab tuaj pub mis mis ob zaug ib hnub. Tus nab npawb ntawm cov tsiaj yog txwv los ntawm lub caij ntuj sov reserves ntawm zaub mov nyob rau hauv cov hav zoov uas nyob ib sab, tsis pub ntau tshaj 10 - 15 milking moose nyuj ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm pab tsiaj (ibid.).

Nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm tom ntej - nyob rau hauv Neolithic era - nees tau ntxiv rau cov tsiaj muaj npe. Muaj ntau cov duab ntawm ib tug nees, yog li ntawd peb yuav tsis txawm muab rau lawv.

Qhov qub tshaj plaws ntawm cov nees hauv tsev tau pom nyob rau yav qab teb Urals (Mullino II, Davlekanovo II, thaj chaw ntawm niaj hnub Bashkortostan). Cov kev tshawb pom no tau sau hnub tim los ntawm radiocarbon nyob ib ncig ntawm 7th - 6th xyoo txhiab BC. e. (Matyushin G. N., Archaeological Dictionary. 1996).

Ntawm qhov chaw ntawm Davlekanovo II, Murat, Karabalykty VII, Surtandy VI, Surtandy VII, cov pob txha nees tau pom nyob rau hauv ntau qhov tseem ceeb - los ntawm 50 txog 80 - 90 feem pua ntawm tag nrho cov pob txha (Matyushin GN, Ntawm lub txaj ntawm keeb kwm (ntawm archaeology). 1972).

Hauv kev nkag siab, daim duab rov ua nws tus kheej. Yog hais tias nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab Plain nyob rau hauv lub Mesolithic lub elk yog lub ntsiab tsiaj, ces nyob rau hauv lub Neolithic nyob rau hauv lub yav qab teb Urals tus nees los ua lub ntsiab tsiaj (nyob rau hauv lub yav qab teb Urals tsis muaj Mesolithic, cov neeg tuaj muaj tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub Neolithic, thaum lawv tau kho los ntawm qhov chaw qhia).

Cov bearers ntawm Khvalynsk kab lis kev cai bred nees thiab yaj, thiab kuj, tejzaum nws, domesticated nees thaum ntxov li 4800 BC. e. (Anthony, Eneolithic nees exploitation nyob rau hauv Eurasian steppes: kev noj haus, ritual thiab caij. 2000), tau zoo li cov kev txawj ntawm yug me nyuam domestic nees.

Khvalynskaya kab lis kev cai nyob ib ncig ntawm thaj av Astrakhan thiab Mangyshlak ceg av qab teb mus rau lub koom pheej ntawm Chuvashia nyob rau sab qaum teb. Los ntawm thaj tsam Penza thiab Volgograd nyob rau sab hnub poob mus rau thaj tsam Orenburg nyob rau sab hnub tuaj, suav nrog thaj chaw Samara thiab Saratov (Berezina NS, Ntawm kev sib cuag ntawm hav zoov thiab hav zoov-steppe pawg neeg kawg ntawm Mesolithic thiab Neolithic. 2003; Vasiliev IB, Khvalynskaya Eneolithic kab lis kev cai Volga-Ural steppe thiab hav zoov-steppe. 2003). Ntawd yog, Khvalynskaya kab lis kev cai npog sab hnub tuaj ntawm Lavxias teb sab Plain.

Los ntawm Khvalynians, cov kev txawj ntawm kev tuav ib tug domesticated nees tau saws los ntawm cov nqa ntawm Botay kab lis kev cai, uas tau kis mus rau sab hnub tuaj - nyob rau hauv Northern Kazakhstan ntawm 3700 thiab 3000. BC e. (Anthony. 2000). Tsis muaj cov cim qhia ntawm cov tsiaj yug tshiab tau pom ntawm no, tab sis pov thawj ntawm kev siv nees siv los ntawm Botay kab lis kev cai bearers yog qhov qub tshaj plaws. Cov cim me ntsis ntawm cov molars yog hnub tim rau 3500 BC. e. (Anthony. 2000). Cov qhab nia zoo li no tsis yog los ntawm cov khoom siv hlau nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj yog cov khoom ua los ntawm cov khoom siv organic (Anthony Early horseback caij thiab kev ua rog: qhov tseem ceeb ntawm magpie nyob ib ncig ntawm caj dab. 2006). Hauv Botay thaj chaw, qhov feem pua ntawm cov pob txha nees nce mus txog 65 - 99 feem pua.

Cov seem ntawm mare cov mis nyuj tau pom nyob rau hauv cov hlab ntsha ntawm cov neeg Botay.

Rau kev caij nees, nees pib siv los ntawm cov neeg nqa khoom ntawm Maikop kab lis kev cai (li 4 xyoo txhiab BC). Cov Maikopians bred nyuj, thiab cov neeg tseem ceeb aristocratic siv caij nees.

Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub 4th mus rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua 3rd BC. e. Cov nees hauv tsev tau los ua ib feem ntawm kab lis kev cai ntawm ntau haiv neeg ntawm Eurasia thiab tau siv los ntawm tib neeg ob qho tib si rau kev ua tub rog thiab hauv kev ua liaj ua teb. Lub sijhawm no, tus quab tau tsim.

Lub hauv paus rau kev sib kis ntawm domesticated thiab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog, caij nees yog cov kev lag luam thaum ub uas txuas nrog Ancient Russia nrog yuav luag txhua lub teb chaws ntawm Eurasia (Tyunyaev, Ancient kev lag luam ntawm Lavxias teb sab av. 2010).

Cov kev no tau pib ua haujlwm txij li 5 xyoo txhiab BC. thiab muaj nyob rau txhua lub sij hawm (Tyunyaev, Tyunyaev AA., Ancient kev lag luam txoj kev ntawm lub Ural-Volga cheeb tsam. IEI UC RAS. 2010), twb nyob rau hauv peb era tau smoothly hlob mus rau hauv ib tug niaj hnub thauj network. Nws yog cov kev lag luam no uas yog cov kev sib txuas lus tseem ceeb uas tsis yog tsuas yog kev txawj ntse thiab kev txawj ntse, tab sis kuj yog cov dab neeg thiab cov nkauj uas peb tau hais los saum no.

Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov nees yug tshiab hauv tsev tau sau tseg los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm kev khawb ntawm lub tswb-beaker kab lis kev cai nyob hauv Hungary, yos rov qab mus rau 2500 BC. e., nrog rau hauv Spain thiab Eastern Europe.

Tus nees tuaj rau ze thiab Middle East twb domesticated. Los ntawm lub sijhawm no, tib neeg paub nws tus cwj pwm thiab cov cai rau kev yug me nyuam tshiab. Nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawm 3500 txog 3000 BC. BC e. nees tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm ntawm North Caucasus, Transcaucasia, Central Europe, lub Danube.

Hauv Mesopotamia, cov duab ntawm nees tsuas yog tshwm sim hauv keeb kwm era, hauv xyoo 2300 - 2100. BC e. Hauv cov lus Sumerian, lo lus nees txhais tau tias "lub roob luav" thiab tshwm nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub thib peb dynasty ntawm Ur nyob ib ncig ntawm 2100 - 2000 BC. e.

Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nees tshwm sim nyob rau hauv kev sib haum xeeb ntawm Suav kab lis kev cai ntawm Qijia hauv thaj chaw ntawm Gansu xeev thiab cov xeev uas nyob ib sab ntawm sab hnub poob Suav teb. Qhov zoo sib xws ntawm metallurgy ntawm cov kab lis kev cai no thiab cov kab lis kev cai steppe ua pov thawj tias kev lag luam kev sib raug zoo muaj nyob nruab nrab ntawm lawv, thiab cov nees tau tshwm sim hauv Suav teb los ntawm kev qiv los ntawm steppe.

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 3rd BC. nyob rau sab qab teb Urals - nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws ntawm lub zos, uas lub nroog ntawm Arkaim - thawj chariots tshwm sim, thiab tom qab 2000 BC. e. chariots kuj tshwm sim hauv Mesopotamia.

Los ntawm qhov tau hais, nws yog qhov tseeb tias cov lus dab neeg hais txog elk yuav tsum tau sau hnub rau Mesolithic (15 - 7 txhiab BC). Hauv cov lus dab neeg no, moose tuaj yeem yog tsiaj hauv tsev, nws tuaj yeem muab mis nyuj, tawv nqaij thiab nqaij, thiab tseem ua tus nqa khoom. Mesolithic neeg yos hav zoov ntawm qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm Lavxias teb sab Plain muaj nws tus kheej raws li kev thauj, sleds, skis thiab nkoj. Lub armament ntawm ib tug neeg yos hav zoov lub sij hawm no yog ib tug hneev, xub thiab txhua yam ntawm nuv ntses accessories.

Tus neeg yos hav zoov Neolithic (6 - 4 txhiab BC) yog armed nrog tib yam, tab sis ib lub pob zeb ntxiv rau riam phom. Hauv thaj tsam hav zoov ntawm qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm Lavxias teb sab Plain, tus neeg yos hav zoov tseem nyob ntawm ko taw lossis caij nrog kev siv cov elk, lossis caij skis thiab lub nkoj, thiab hauv thaj chaw steppe, tus neeg yos hav zoov tau pauv mus rau nees.

Qhov tseeb, nrog rau cov txheej txheem no, cov duab ntawm tus neeg yos hav zoov ploj mus hauv thaj chaw steppe. Tus phab ej los ua tus tswv yug yaj - tus tswv.

Thiab tus phab ej dhau los ua ib tug tub rog caij tsheb nkaus xwb hauv Hnub Nyoog Bronze. Nyob rau hauv yuav luag tag nrho cov cheeb tsam ntawm Eurasia, qhov no yog hais txog lub 3rd - 2nd xyoo txhiab BC. Qee thaj chaw ntawm Arabia, Caucasus thiab lwm qhov tsis muaj lawv lub Hnub Nyoog Bronze, tib lub sijhawm, ib tug quab thiab lub laub (lub tsheb loj) tau tsim.

Los ntawm lub sijhawm no yuav tsum tau sau hnub tim dab neeg, hauv lawv cov lus piav qhia, cov khoom no tau siv. Cov tub rog tseem nyob hauv kev pabcuam - hneev taw, xub xub, hmuv, mace, txhuam. Tsis muaj ntaj.

Nco ntsoov tias nyob rau hauv ib co kab lis kev cai lub constellation Yarmo muaj nyob es tsis txhob ntawm lub constellation Draco (saib hauv qab), thiab lub constellation Carriage muaj nyob es tsis txhob ntawm lub Big Dipper.

Cov tsos ntawm tus hero rab ntaj, saw mail, armor, kaus mom hlau, thiab lwm yam. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub hnub nyoog hlau - 500 BC - 500 AD Cov lus dab neeg uas cov no thiab, feem ntau, cov khoom hlau koom nrog, hnub rov qab mus rau lub sijhawm no.

Creature ntawm myths xwb

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev kom nkag siab tias yog vim li cas peb mob siab rau ntau lub sijhawm thiab lub zog los kawm txog dab neeg. Yog tias koj saib rov qab rau lub sijhawm, koj tuaj yeem pom tias cov ncauj lus no tau nyob hauv lub siab zoo ib txwm muaj thiab ntau txhiab xyoo.

Vim li cas? Yog lawm, vim hais tias nyob rau hauv keeb kwm yav dhau los thiab kev coj noj coj ua, cov dab neeg hais txog keeb kwm ntawm lub ntiaj teb thiab tib neeg, txog kev tshwm sim ntawm cov koom haum kev sib raug zoo, txog kev coj noj coj ua, txog keeb kwm ntawm lub neej thiab qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev tuag, ua haujlwm ntawm kev ntseeg., ideology, philosophy, keeb kwm, science” (Mirimanov V., Myth. Around the World. 2014).

Yog li, qhov kev paub uas tus txiv neej thaum ub tau hnav khaub ncaws ntawm ib lub dab neeg yog qhov tseeb kev paub txog lub ntiaj teb nyob ib puag ncig nws. Tsuas yog qhov kev paub no yuav tsum muaj peev xwm nthuav tawm thiab nyeem kom raug. Yog hais tias niaj hnub no lub coding ntawm kev paub yog tsim ntau nyob rau hauv ib tug rationalistic lub hauv paus, ces nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm yav dhau haiv neeg myths xwb twb tsim nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm khawv koob.

Tias yog vim li cas "Max Weber tau tsim lub tswv yim ntawm keeb kwm rationalization ntawm daim duab ntawm lub ntiaj teb, uas, nyob rau hauv nws lub tswv yim, inevitably ua rau lawv "enchantment"" (ibid.).

Dab tsi Weber hu ua khawv koob yog undoubtedly ib qho ntawm cov laj thawj rau kev tuag ntawm myths xwb. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev tawg ntawm cov qauv mythological ib txwm txhais tau tias qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov dab neeg tshiab”(ibid.). Thaum Ntxov ntseeg Vajtswv kuj tau koom nrog qhov kev xav ntawm dab neeg - nws lub hom phiaj tshem tawm cov wizards. Qhov kev tua neeg no tau hais tsis yog tawm tsam khawv koob, xws li, tab sis ntawm kev tsim lawv tus kheej, Christian, hegemony.

Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias "qhov muaj ntawm qhov tsis pub leejtwg paub txog dab neeg yuav tsum raug lees paub tias yog txoj cai ntawm tus txiv neej thaum ub" (ibid.), uas yog, nws yog postulated tias ib haiv neeg uas hais txog dab neeg keeb kwm yav dhau los vim qhov no, "ib qho kev muaj sia nyob yog dab neeg., ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm qhov tseeb nws tus kheej, ib txoj kev ntawm kev txheeb xyuas sib raug mus rau ib tug muab configuration ntawm kev paub”(ibid.).

Thiab yog tias peb ib txwm pom cov dab neeg thiab txawm tsim peb lub ntiaj teb kev pom (Pib Vaj Lug Kub Npaiv Npaum, Talmud, Kaulees, Vedas, thiab lwm yam) thiab kev tshawb fawb ntawm nws, ces qhov kev coj noj coj ua ntawm peb cov poj koob yawm txwv tsis tuaj yeem tso rau hauv qib kev txawj ntse hauv kev sib raug zoo rau peb. …

Yog li, myths xwb yog ib qho kev paub tshwj xeeb heev. Daim ntawv ntawm kev nthuav qhia yog khawv koob (hauv cov lus piav qhia).

Cov qauv ntawm cov dab neeg yog tsim los ntawm kev lig kev cai: "Los ntawm Upper Paleolithic, lub syncretic complex: dab neeg - duab - ritual tsim ib tug ruaj khov qauv nqa cov cai ntawm ob qho tib si lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb thiab tsis yog-rational nucleus ntawm kab lis kev cai. Cov qauv no yog universal, txij li nws permeates tag nrho cov kab lis kev cai yam tsis muaj kev zam, thiab tib lub sij hawm nws yog tshwj xeeb, txij li thaum nws tseem nyob thoob plaws hauv tib neeg keeb kwm "(ibid.). Tag nrho ntawm ib tug neeg tseem ceeb ua ntawm myths xwb ua raws li ib tug heev tshwj xeeb system ntawm dating ob lub dab neeg nws tus kheej thiab, los ntawm nws, keeb kwm txheej xwm.

Raws li rau cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sib piv pom nyob rau hauv myths xwb, "hauv kev tshawb fawb tseem tsis tau muaj kev pom zoo txog seb cov kev sib piv no tshwm sim los ntawm kev coj noj coj ua lossis kev ywj pheej ntawm ib leeg."

Txawm li cas los xij, txawm tias nrog cov kev tsis txaus siab no, cov kws sau ntawv tuaj rau qhov kev ntseeg siab tias "nws yog qhov ua tau tias qhov kev xav tau ntawm kev paub txog astronomical tau cuam tshuam nrog kev coj noj coj ua ntawm daim ntawv qhia hnub thiab hauv kev txhim kho navigation, uas yuav tsum muaj lub hauv paus rau kev taw qhia."

Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kws sau ntawv cia siab rau hnub tim cov ntaub ntawv no: "Cov duab hnub qub no muaj txog 6 txhiab xyoo." Qhov no txhais tau hais tias lub sijhawm tsim cov duab astronomical niaj hnub no, cov kws tshawb fawb xav txog lub sijhawm ntawm Neolithic, thiab nyob rau hauv reckoning eras - lub era ntawm Taurus, thaum cov nyom los ua qhov chaw, thiab nyuj los ua hnub qub, thiab qee tus tswv yug yaj tsis pom nws tus kheej. tsuas yog los ntawm kev ua kom pom tseeb ntawm daim ntawv qhia hnub ua haujlwm ntawm qhov chaw tag nrho …

Cov kev ntseeg hauv qab no ntawm cov kws tshaj lij muaj nyob rau ntawm kev ntseeg siab ntawm cov dab neeg: "Cov lus dab neeg muab qhov tseem ceeb rau "kev nkag siab" yam, tsim cov topography ntawm lub ntiaj teb sab hauv, teeb tsa cov qauv ntawm kev coj tus cwj pwm …” (ib.).

Thiab qhov tseeb no tseem nyob encrypted nyob rau hauv ancient Lavxias teb sab pej xeem tales.