Geopolymer pob zeb - cov cuab yeej siv qub?

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Ib qho ntawm cov khoom ntawm tib neeg lub siab xav yog kev ntseeg hauv qhov tau hais los ntawm ib tus neeg muaj cai, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv qhov tau sau ntau zaus thiab txhua qhov chaw, thiab tib lub sijhawm, tsis txhob tso siab rau koj ob lub qhov muag.

Ntau lab tus neeg hauv ntiaj teb tau ntseeg tias Asmeskas flotilla nyob rau hauv cov lus txib ntawm Admiral Richard Byrd tau koom nrog kev ua phem tawm tsam cov neeg txawv teb chaws hauv xyoo 1947. nyob rau hauv thaj av ntawm huab tais Maud nyob rau hauv Antarctica. Tab sis cov "sane" tease cov neeg uas ntseeg me ntsis ntsuab txiv neej, thiab sib cav hais tias qhov tseeb yog hais tias qhov tseeb nws yog Nazis uas tsim lub hauv paus 211, los yog "New Swabia" ntawm lawv ya saucer-shaped submarines, yeej cov tub rog Asmeskas thiab rhuav tshem. ob lub nkoj, txog li dav hlau dav hlau dav hlau thiab ntau pua tus neeg ua haujlwm. Yog li kuv xav ntseeg cov dab neeg … tab sis qhov tseeb yog cov neeg Amelikas tau kov yeej … Lub Soviet whaling flotilla "Slava". Ntawm peb sab, kuj tseem muaj kev poob: THEEB ultra-niaj hnub, rau lub sijhawm ntawd, cov neeg tua hluav taws "siab", "tseem ceeb" thiab "tsim". Cov kws tshaj lij paub qhov no, tab sis lawv tsis nrawm rau kev poob siab rau cov neeg txhawb nqa ntawm kev koom tes txoj kev xav ntawm qhov kev tshwm sim.

Raws nraim tib yam tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub tshav pob ntawm kev paub txog qhov tseeb txoj kev thiab txoj kev ntawm kev tsim kho ntawm feem ntau ntawm cov paub "prehistoric" cov khoom. Xws li cov pyramids ntawm Egypt thiab Mesoamerica, thiab cov qauv megalithic zoo sib xws, nrog rau cov duab puab, bas-reliefs thiab cov khoom siv hauv tsev..

Txog cov lus qhia "kev paub"

Rau qee qhov laj thawj, tib neeg tau siv los ua qhov tsis xwm yeem coj lawv cov lus rau nws, tsis muaj teeb meem los txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv, lossis ntseeg lawv lub qhov muag. Ib tug neeg tsis muaj kev ntseeg ntseeg tias muaj cov vitamins hauv cov txiv apples, thiab tib lub sijhawm tsis ntseeg qhov pom tseeb. Noj ib lub txiv apple. Yam tsawg kawg ib vitamin nyob qhov twg? Thiab yog vim li cas ib tug neeg thiaj li ntseeg siab tshaj tawm tias muaj kev txiav txim txav ntawm electrons hauv tus neeg xyuas pib? Leej twg pom qhov kev txav no? Qhov no tsuas yog kev xav xwb, thiab tsis muaj dab tsi ntxiv. Tej zaum yuav tsis muaj ib qho electrons kiag li. Txawm li cas los xij, kev kawm lo lus "tricky" yog ib nrab ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua. Nws yog txaus rau ib tus neeg tshaj tawm tshaj tawm tias ceramides muaj nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj zawv plaub hau tshiab, vim tias cov poj niam coob coob maj mus siv nyiaj los koom nrog kev zoo nkauj. Thiab lawv tsis paub tias tsis muaj dab tsi tseem ceeb, tsuas yog rau cov surfactants, nyob rau hauv tej yam khoom siv detergent thiab tsis zoo li yuav.

Qee tus neeg muaj cai tau tshaj tawm lo lus "Fomenkovism", thiab tam sim no ntau pua txhiab tus ntawm cov "tau pom lub teeb" tau dai cov ntawv rau sab xis thiab sab laug. kuv nug:

- Vim li cas Fomenkovism? Leej twg hais rau koj tias qhov no yog synonymous nrog ignorance?

-Txhua tus hais.

- Koj puas tau nyeem Fomenko thiab Nosovsky?

- Tsis yog, kuv coj lawv cov lus rau cov neeg ntse. Thiab qhov tseeb yog, yog vim li cas nws yog ib yam ntawm cov keeb kwm - ib tug tso tawm tshaj tawm nws tus kheej ib tug ntse?

- Fomenko tsis yog ib tug keeb kwm. Nws yog ib tug lej.

- Yog li ntau ntxiv, yog vim li cas nws nrog nws snout thiab hauv kab Kalashny!

- Anatoly Timofeevich Fomenko (Lub Peb Hlis 13, 1945, Stalino) - Soviet thiab Lavxias teb sab lej, tus kws tshaj lij ntawm kev suav ntau qhov kev hloov pauv, qhov sib txawv geometry thiab topology, txoj kev xav ntawm pawg Lie thiab Lie algebras, symplectic thiab computer geometry, txoj kev xav ntawm Ham. dynamical systems. Tus tswv cuab ntawm Lavxias Academy ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb (1994), Lavxias Academy ntawm Natural Sciences thiab International Academy of Sciences ntawm Kev Kawm Qib Siab. Kuj tseem hu ua cov duab kos duab thiab yog ib tus tsim tsim cov duab kos duab "Pass".

- Yeees?! tiag tiag? Thiab nws yog dab tsi hauv keeb kwm thaum ntawd …?

- Tus tshiab chronology tsuas yog ib qho ntawm nws ntau pua txoj haujlwm hauv kev ua lej. Dab tsi yog obscurantism ntawm no!?

Thiab tom qab ntawd ib tug neeg pib twv tias nws tau ua yuam kev hauv ib yam dab tsi.

Kuv tuaj yeem muab qhov piv txwv zoo ib yam nrog tus kws sau ntawv nto moo - "tus huab tais ntawm kev txaus ntshai" Stephen King. Leej twg hu nws? Rau dab tsi? Tsis ntshai. Lub neej txhua hnub tau muab zais tom qab cov phiaj xwm zoo heev, uas yog qhov txaus ntshai tshaj li qhov tseeb. Tab sis qhov no yog tag nrho - tsuas yog ib feem ntawm nws txoj haujlwm. Muaj cov phau ntawv zoo xws li "Lub Corpse", "Kujo", "Portrait of Rita Hayworth" thiab lwm yam. Tab sis cov tshaj tawm tsis tu ncua luam cov dab phem phem rau ntawm lub npog ntawm nws cov phau ntawv, thiab cov neeg nyeem xav txog qhov tseem ceeb yuav tsis coj li ntawd. phau ntawv rau hauv nws txhais tes.

Kuv ua dab tsi rau tam sim no? Thiab nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav kom koj sim perceive dab tsi yog sau hauv qab no nrog lub siab unclouded. Nws yog qhov yooj yim heev, pom tseeb, pom koj tus kheej.

Hais txog av nplaum

Muaj coob tus ntawm koj, tej zaum thaum yau, sculpted txhua yam tsiaj los ntawm av nplaum. Thaum av nplaum dries, nws yuav nyuaj. Feem ntau tsis yooj yim thiab chipping (yuav tsum tau tua), tab sis nws kuj tshwm sim tias tsis muaj hardening, av nplaum hloov mus rau hauv pob zeb tsuas yog los ntawm kev poob dej. Nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam Pskov, muaj ntau lub reservoir nyob rau hauv uas muaj cov outlets ntawm xiav av nplaum, nws yog siv nyob rau hauv pej xeem tshuaj rau kev kho mob ntawm pob qij txha. Yog li ntawd, thaum nws qhuav, nws hloov mus rau hauv ib lub pob zeb, thiab qhov no tsis surprise leej twg. Thaum ib tug neeg pom nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm nws ib lub pob zeb uas dig muag me ntsis ua ntej nws yug los, rau ib co yog vim li cas nws tsis txawm tshwm sim rau nws hais tias lub pob zeb tsis yog ib txwm ib tug pob zeb.

Kuv tham hauv kev nthuav dav txog qhov xwm ntawm keeb kwm ntawm megalithic rails ntawm no.

Cia kuv ceeb toom rau koj nyob rau hauv ib tug nutshell: nws yog lub sij hawm kom tsis txhob puzzling ntau npaum li cas lub laub yuav tsum dhau los ntawm ib qho chaw thiaj li yuav muaj ib tug txuj ci tseem ceeb tshwm sim:

Island ntawm Malta.

Qhov no kuj tau ua yeeb yaj kiab hauv Malta, tab sis muaj ntau pua qhov chaw hauv ntiaj teb no.

Txawm nyob ntawm no hauv Azerbaijan, ntawm Absheron Peninsula. (Tawm ntawm tus cwj pwm, nws sau "nrog peb." Tau kawg, tsis yog nrog peb, tab sis nrog lawv.)

Muaj pes tsawg lo lus yuav tsum tau hais kom cov kws tshawb fawb qhia qhov tseeb. Tsis muaj log, txhua yam yog trite rau disgust. Hauv qab av nplaum, npog nrog algae, rub tau rub. Tom qab ntawd cov dej tawm mus thiab nthuav tawm hauv qab mus rau lub hnub ci ntsa iab. Tau ntau xyoo, tsis muaj dab tsi tseem tshuav ntawm cov av, thiab cov av nplaum av, cov cement ntuj, ib txwm ua polymerized, tig mus rau hauv lub toj siab pob zeb nrog cov kab ntawm drags, nkoj keels, tsob ntoo trunks pov los ntawm cua daj cua dub mus rau lub berg, thiab ntawm no yog ib tug neeg mus ncig tebchaws attraction rau koj. ! Yog tias tsis muaj nqis peev nyiaj, txiav daim coupon los ntawm cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi, sau cov ntawv pov thawj, tau txais kev kawm qib siab thiab cov npe, yuav muaj txaus rau cov ncuav thiab butter. Lub mechanism puas meej?

Tam sim no nws yog tig mus haus validol rau cov kiv cua ntawm puzzle ntawm dolmen siv.

Leej twg to taub lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm ruts ntawm lub pob zeb yuav sai sai paub seb yuav ua li cas cov khoom no tau tsim. Holmes yuav hais tias: - “Elementary, Watson! Tsis muaj kev ntseeg tias ib txheej ntawm av nplaum, qhuav txaus kom tsis txhob tawg, tab sis tseem tsim nyog rau "sculpting" yog petrified twb nyob rau hauv nws txoj hauj lwm tam sim no. Nws tau ua tiav tau yooj yim, nrog lub pob zeb ntse ntse, txawm tias muaj cov cuab yeej ntoo. Tsib mus rau rau tus txiv neej noj qab haus huv muaj peev xwm nqa tau ib txheej ntawm cov av nplaum qhuav ntsug nrog kev siv cov khoom siv ib ntus. Qhov no yuav tsum tsis pub ntau tshaj ib hnub ci ntsa iab. Nws tsuas yog "xuab zeb" saum npoo, muab cov duab tsim nyog, txiav ib lub qhov thiab lub qhov ntxa yog npaj txhij.

Tom qab ob peb puas xyoo, nws ua tiav cov txheej txheem polymerization, thiab cov neeg coob coob ntawm idlers mus ncig, qhib lawv lub qhov ncauj, vam tias yuav qhib "qhov muag thib peb". Thiab zoo li yog tias muaj caij nyoog tus tswv yug yaj yuav nyob ze, leej twg yuav qhia ob peb yam txuj ci tseem ceeb cuam tshuam nrog cov dolmen no, yuav qhia tias tsib caug rubles tsis txaus los txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yaj tawm tsam Nile kub taub hau. Kuv yuav tsis hais yog tias qhov no tsis tshwm sim rau kuv tus kheej. Tsis tas li ntawd, hais txog yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm cov lus tsis meej "grain pits" uas muaj ntau ntau hauv Crimea.

Lub qhov tsua lub nroog ntawm Exi-Kermen nyob rau hauv lub Crimea.

Grain pits yog kab noj hniav nyob rau hauv cov pob zeb, uas los ntawm sab hauv kiag li rov ua cov geometry ntawm ceramic amphorae. Qhib qhib, caj dab thiab nthuav dav hauv qab qhov chaw ntawm lub nkoj thiab constriction nyob rau hauv qab. Cov kws tshawb fawb tsis tuaj yeem nkag siab tias nws muaj peev xwm tsim tau li cas. Chopping ib tug monolith nyob rau hauv no txoj kev yog yam tsawg kawg nkaus tsis muaj tseeb. Thiab txhua tus xav tsis thoob los ntawm qhov tseeb tias qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov kab noj hniav uas nyob ib sab yog ob peb centimeters nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws txoj kab uas hla. Thiab kuj zoo kawg nkaus polished nto.

Thiab nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, peb tau ntsib nrog ntuj pob zeb. Tsuas yog nws tsis yog av nplaum, tab sis aqueous suspension ntawm chalk deposits. Cov dej nyab tau npog lub zos, nyob rau hauv uas muaj ib lub warehouse nrog ntau amphorae, puv txhua yam mus rau sab saum toj, absorbing ib hom "kefir" uas muaj txiv qaub nrog cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm hlau oxides, thiab tom qab ntawd cov dej evaporated, tawm hauv av nplaum swamp. Lub swamp tau petrified rau nws tam sim no lub xeev, thiab cov ceramics, thaj, kuj ua ke nrog cov nyob ib puag ncig ncua kev kawm ntawv thiab petrified.

Yog tias koj nkag siab txog lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm lub pob zeb ntuj monolithic los ntawm cov khoom zoo tib yam, nyob rau hauv ntau ntawm cov uas pom nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej, koj tuaj yeem yooj yim piav qhia rau cov kws tshawb fawb tsis txaus ntseeg - kws kho mob thiab cov neeg sib tw uas lub nroog qhov tsua tsis tau tsim los ntawm txhua qhov. kev siv zog ntawm cov neeg qus uas tau ntau pua xyoo hammered lub pob zeb nrog pob zeb rauj. los yog nrog tooj dag chisels.

Txhua yam yog prosaic heev. Qhov kev sib haum xeeb tau raug dej nyab nrog cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm cov khoom, uas, thaum ya raws raug tshem tawm, ua ntej ua av nplaum, thiab tom qab ntawd petrify, tig mus rau hauv lub pob zeb monolithic ntawm limestone lossis plhaub pob zeb. Koj tsis tas yuav rauj dab tsi. Nws tsuas yog tsim nyog tias cov tsev uas muaj sia nyob tau tawg mus rau hauv plua plav los ntawm lub sijhawm thiab nthuav tawm cov kab noj hniav sab hauv hauv cov pob zeb uas tshwm sim los ntawm dej nyab. Thiab feem ntau, cov neeg tau hloov qhov chaw no rau cov kev xav tau hauv tsev rov qab rau cov hnub uas cov pob zeb tsis yog pob zeb. Lawv tau hardened, tab sis tseem yooj yim ua hauj lwm nrog. Qhov no yog yuav ua li cas cov kauj ruam thiab lwm cov cim ntawm kev ua tau tshwm sim, uas tam sim no coj mus rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm ntau txhiab tus neeg txiav pob zeb.

Yog li. Peb tau ua kom paub tseeb tias feem ntau ntawm cov zaub mov yog cov khoom ntawm polymerization ntawm plastics thiab kua. Qhov no tsis yog qhov tseeb, qhov no yog qhov tshwm sim ntau tshaj plaws. Thiab nws tsis xav tau ntau lab xyoo, Portland cement, tshwj xeeb additives, thiab lwm yam. Txiv neej, tau tsim pob zeb, tsuas yog qhov xwm txheej, raws li nws ib txwm tshwm sim. Tab sis txoj hauv kev uas cov alchemists mus rau hauv kev tshawb fawb ntawm lub pob zeb philosopher tsis yog ncaj thiab ncaj. Cov neeg uas paub qhov tsis pub leejtwg paub ntawm kev ua cov pob zeb zoo nkauj tau nruj nruj tiv thaiv nws los ntawm cov neeg sab nrauv. Cov thev naus laus zis siab yog ib txwm muaj ntau ntawm cov neeg tseem ceeb, vim nws yog nyiaj txiag thiab lub zog. Tab sis cov piv txwv ua tau zoo ntawm kev siv cov pob zeb dag tau tawg thoob plaws ntiaj teb thiab cov lus dag hauv qab peb ko taw. Txhua qhov chaw koj saib, txhua qhov chaw koj tuaj hla geopolymer pob zeb. Koj txiav nqaij hauv chav ua noj - lub txee yog ua los ntawm nws. Ntxiv mus, nws yog indistinguishable los ntawm ntuj marble. Koj mus tom toj ntxas dua, nws nyob zoo. Tsuas yog ua tsis tau los ntawm lub tuam txhab rooj tog, tab sis los ntawm cov tswv ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th.

Yaroslavskaya cheeb tsam. Cemetery los ntawm nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th. Lub roughly tiav granite slab yog them nrog ib txheej ntawm zoo geopolymer plaster

Nws zoo li cas? Koj puas ntseeg nrog koj tus kheej lub qhov muag tias qhov no tsis yog Fomenko's invention?

Tam sim no rau kev tuag-nyuaj. Peb cov yawg koob paub tias yuav ua li cas tsis yog tsuas yog ua kom zoo tag nrho ntawm lub pob zeb nrog plaster, ua tib zoo ua raws li cov pob zeb ntuj, tab sis kuj yuav pov tag nrho cov qauv uas zoo li tsis txawv ntawm ntuj granite, uas, txawm li cas los xij, tsis yog. Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom txiav nyob rau hauv peb lub dav hlau los ntawm lub tshuab. Qhov no yuav tsis ua los ntawm ib lub pob zeb txiav hauv lub ntiaj teb, vim tias tsis muaj lub voj voog thiab ib lub voj voog pom yog tsim los ua 3D qauv los ntawm monolith. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua tiav tshwj xeeb los ntawm kev nrum rau hauv daim ntawv tiav - formwork. Ntawm no peb kuj pom cov khoom siv kho kom zoo nkauj uas yog nyob rau hauv formwork, los yog raug nyem tawm mus rau hauv ib qho kev nthuav dav uas tseem tsis tau muaj sij hawm los ua kom tiav petrified, los ntawm ib tug matrix - cliche.

Tab sis tsis ntev los no, nyob rau hauv Russia, xws li kev tsim kho cov txheej txheem tau siv incredibly dav!

Tag nrho ntawm St. Petersburg yog ib qho kev nthuav qhia loj ntawm kev siv cov pob zeb zoo geopolymer

Los yog koj puas ntseeg hais tias qhov no tau ua tiav nrog ib tug chisel los ntawm bearded txiv neej nyob rau hauv khau bast los ntawm Novgorod thiab Pskov?

Tau kawg, nws qhov kev ua tau zoo qhia tau tias kev paub zoo tshaj plaws txog cov khoom siv dag zog yog siv ntawm no.

Hais txog cov qauv ntawm cov philosopher lub pob zeb

“Cia li muab xuab zeb los ntawm qhov nto qaub ncaug ntawm tus dej.

Hlawv ib puas tsob ntoo, sau tshauv.

Nqa cov av nplaum thiab do kom txog thaum cov mis nyuj sib xws.

Ntxiv slaked txiv qaub rau cov kua av nplaum.

Hauv lub thoob thib ob, sib tov cov xuab zeb thiab tshauv 100 mus rau 1.

Sib tov txhua yam thiab sib tov zoo."

Ntawm no yog ib daim ntawv qhia kuv tuaj hla hauv Internet. Rough, tab sis lub essence yog conveyed, feem ntau, nws yog tseeb.

Joseph Davidovits (yug xyoo 1935) yog tus kws tshuaj Fab Kis thiab kws tshawb fawb txog khoom siv. Sau ntau tshaj 130 cov ntawv tshawb fawb thiab cov ntawv tshaj tawm hauv lub rooj sib tham, tshaj 50 patents. Tus neeg tsim khoom ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev monolithic, uas nws hu ua "geopolymer", tsim los ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam hauv alkaline nruab nrab ntawm cov khoom, feem ntau ntawm geological keeb kwm, muaj cov aluminates thiab silicates. Nws tau txais qhov Order of Merit of France.

Thiab ntawm no yog ib qho txawv txawv: - Tag nrho lub ntiaj teb dav siv nws qhov kev tshawb pom, tab sis tib lub sij hawm hu nws ua tus charlatan. Amazing txoj cai? Nws pib li cas? Thiab ntawm no yog qhov nthuav tshaj plaws. Yauxej Davidovich (yeej los ntawm kev huam yuaj uas yog lub npe ntawm leej txiv ntawm Tswv Yexus - Leej Txiv ntawm Vajtswv), qhov tseeb, tsis tau tsim dab tsi. Nws stupidly ua ib qho tshuaj ntsuam xyuas ntawm "granite" uas cov Egyptian pyramids ntawm Giza tau ua. Nws muaj peev xwm tsim tau 13 lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb, ntawm cov uas yog hmoov nplej ntawm ntau yam minerals (quartz, spar, mica, thiab lwm yam), oxides ntawm ob peb hlau, sodium carbonate thiab fibers ntawm ntaub plaub los ntawm tshis thiab yaj. Qhov no irrefutably ua pov thawj tias peb tsis tau saib ntawm tej yam ntuj tso granite, tab sis ib tug dag pob zeb cam khwb cia los ntawm ib tug aqueous tov ntawm cov khoom feem ntau nyob ze ntawm lub pyramids. Aluminium oxide muaj ntau tshaj nyob rau hauv dej av nplaum los ntawm hauv qab ntawm lub Nile, sodium carbonate nyob rau hauv ntau tshaj yog pom nyob rau hauv ntsev pas dej nyob ze. granite ntau npaum li qhov tsim nyog, zoo, ntau yaj yuav tsum tau sheared. Muaj tsawg tsawg los ua - txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov sib npaug ntawm tag nrho cov khoom, uas tau ua tiav tiav.

Tau kawg, txoj kev xav ntawm casting loj megaliths los ntawm pob zeb piav ntau ntau:

- tsis tas yuav siv sij hawm siv cov cuab yeej ua haujlwm, - piav qhia qhov tsis pom ntawm cov cuab yeej puas, - Nws paub meej tias nws tuaj yeem ua li cas thiaj li carve lab tons ntawm blocks yam tsis muaj kev tsim kho pov tseg, - cov lus nug ntawm qhov twg feem ntau xws li ib tug lossis loj tus naj npawb ntawm monolithic blocks ntawm no ntim tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv Egypt raug tshem tawm (raws li kev suav, thiaj li yuav txiav down xws li ib tug xov tooj ntawm megaliths, ib nrab ntawm lub teb chaws ntawm tim lyiv teb chaws yuav tsum tau nyob los ntawm quarries nrog. loj heev granite monoliths, uas tsis yog qhov tseeb.

- Nws paub tseeb tias yog vim li cas tsis muaj ib qho ploj lossis tawg tau pom ntawm Aswan chaw txua txiag zeb thiab Giza toj siab, - muaj ib lo lus teb rau lo lus nug ntawm yuav ua li cas nws yog ua tau kom haum lub blocks rau ib leeg kom meej tias tsis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm lawv, - muaj kev piav qhia txog qhov txaus ntshai tsis meej thiab kab ntawm cov blocks ntawm cov pyramids nyob saum 50 meters. Sandstorms chiseled lub pob zeb ntawm ko taw, thiab cov nyob rau sab saum toj khaws cov kab ntawm cov reed mats, uas tau imprinted txij thaum lub sij hawm ntawm casting.

Ntau yam tau piav qhia, tab sis tau kawg tsis yog txhua yam. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov nthuav tawm nrog kev txaus siab yog txaus los xyuas kom meej tias cov blocks los ntawm cov pyramids tau tsim yog cov haujlwm tiag tiag ntawm kev kos duab ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm tsis paub pob zeb, uas yog cov hauv av granite crushed pob zeb ntawm millstones mus rau lub xeev cov hmoov nplej, ntxiv av nplaum los ntawm hauv qab. Nile, ntsev los ntawm cov pas dej hauv zos, dej mus rau kev daws, sib tov thiab nchuav rau hauv lub rooj tsavxwm formwork, pw nrog lev. Tom qab lub block solidified, lub formwork raug tshem tawm, thiab peb ntawm rau lub ntsej muag ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej block twb npaj rau tom ntej pouring. Qhov saum npoo tau lubricated nrog cov kua qaub, kom cov npoo ntawm lub pyramid tsis dhau los ua ib qho monolith, khaws qee qhov kev txav mus los kom tsis txhob tawg thiab puas tsuaj los ntawm kev ua ntawm tectonic rog.

Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, qhov tseeb, txhua yam yooj yim dua li cov kws tshawb fawb ua rau peb xav. Hauv qhov no, lwm qhov tseeb tau piav qhia, uas ua rau kuv xav tsis thoob tsis ntev los no, txog kaum xyoo dhau los.

Hais txog "antiquity"

Kuv mob siab rau ntau xyoo rau kuv lub Motherland nyob rau hauv kev pab cuam ntawm kev lis kev cai. Nrog rau kev txaus siab tsis txaus ntseeg hauv keeb kwm, kuv tau tshawb fawb txog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev lis kev cai hauv cheeb tsam Pskov. Kawm cov phau ntawv kev lis kev cai, Kuv xav tsis thoob los ntawm ntau yam khoom xa tawm los ntawm Pleskavia (qhov no yog lub npe ntawm lub tebchaws medieval ntawm thaj chaw tam sim no sab hnub poob ntawm thaj av Pskov thiab sab hnub poob ntawm thaj av Leningrad). Lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm kev xa tawm yog potash, uas tsis muaj txiaj ntsig los ntawm cov qauv niaj hnub no. Tej zaum txog li 90% ntawm txhua yam uas tau xa tawm los ntawm Pskov mus rau Tebchaws Europe yog qhov tseeb ntawm potassium carbonate (K2CO3). Thiab qhov no yog ib yam khoom tau los ntawm cov ntoo tshauv. Vim li cas cov khoom no (ntsev) thiaj li muaj nuj nqis rau cov neeg European?

Cov puzzle tuaj ua ke thaum kuv nyeem Tsab Cai ntawm Peter lub Great ntawm kev txwv tag nrho rau kev xa tawm ntawm potash los ntawm Russia, ntawm kev mob ntawm lub neej ntev kev rau txim. Cov. potassium carbonate yog ib qho khoom siv raw khoom. Rau kev tsim khoom ntawm dab tsi? Cia peb rov qab mus rau St. Petersburg thiab txhua yam yuav paub meej. Yog hais tias nyob rau hauv tim lyiv teb chaws poov tshuaj carbonate tau siv rau zus tau tej cov dag granite, ces nyob rau hauv Russia muaj innumerable deposits ntawm sodium carbonate (los ntawm qhov twg - ib tug cais lub ntsiab lus, nthuav heev), uas yog ib tug binder rau geopolymer pob zeb. Thiab nws yog hnub ntawm Txoj Cai uas tau los ua cov lus teb rau lo lus nug ntawm thaum "ncua sij hawm" tiag tiag tshwm sim. Tag nrho cov qub txeeg qub tes tau tsim muaj tseeb nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 18th (thiab tsis yog BC), thiab nws cov khoom yuav tsum tau inconceivable ntim ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb ua si lub luag hauj lwm ntawm ib tug binder nyob rau hauv ib tug tov, uas tau dhau mus ua tej yam ntuj tso marble, granite, malachite, diorite, thiab lwm yam nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias potash yog lub ntsiab tivthaiv rau zus tau tej cov iav thiab … GUNPOWDER! Muaj tseeb tiag, tsis muaj dab tsi tshiab nyob rau hauv lub hnub. Tam sim no lawv tso cov pa tawm, tab sis ua ntej lawv nqa tawm potash. Thiab Peter tau txiav txim siab tua cov kais dej hauv Tebchaws Europe rau kev tsim cov keramomarazzi porcelain stoneware thiab hmoov phom. Puas yog qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb rau kev tsov rog nrog Sweden? Kuv tsis paub - Kuv tsis paub … Nws yog ntxov dhau los kos cov lus xaus, tab sis qhov kev tshawb pom, kuv xav tias, nyob ntawm lub ntsej muag. FACT - ntawm lub ntsej muag, thiab ntuj txiag teb tsaus ntawm lub snout, raws li kuv battalion commander, uas kuv ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug ceev, hais tias.

Cov lus nug

Kuv tsis nkag siab tias yog vim li cas, tab sis cov neeg uas xub tuaj hla cov ntaub ntawv hais tias kev siv geopolymer pob zeb tau pom dav daim ntawv thov thoob plaws ntiaj teb nyob rau hauv "dense" antiquity, tib hom lus nug tshwm sim. Piv txwv li: - "Puas yog tag nrho cov pyramids tau tsim siv cov thev naus laus zis no"? Tau kawg tsis. Txawm tias Egyptian pyramids yog ib txoj hauv kev sib txawv thiab cov txheej txheem. Lawv tsuas yog ua ib feem xwb. Feem ntau ntawm lawv yog lub roob siab, uas tau muab rau tam sim no pom daim ntawv, nrog kev pab los ntawm ib tug superstructure ntawm blocks ua siv geopolymer casting technology. Nyob ntawd, ntuj folds ntawm struts thiab ntuj monolithic pob zeb yog siv rau qhov siab tshaj plaws. Tab sis muaj ntau lwm yam khoom, xws li Machu Picchu, Pisaka, Saksauiman, Baalbek, thiab lwm yam, qhov twg geopolymer casting tsis sawv cev rau lub ntiaj teb no, tab sis nws yog tam sim no yuav luag txhua qhov chaw.

Muaj lwm yam version ntawm tib lo lus nug nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus: - Nws puas muaj peev xwm hais tias nyob rau hauv lub Urals, lub Kola ceg av qab teb, Karelia, Altai, Primorye, Kolyma, peb pom lub ruins ntawm tsuas geopolymer technology? yog qhov tseeb instrumental. Yog li ntawd, polygonal masonry yog tsim los ntawm kev pab los ntawm elementary tes saws.

Tab sis tseem tsis tau daws tau txoj kev hloov ntawm lub xeev ntawm lub pob zeb, xws li nyob rau hauv dab ntxwg nyoog kev sib hais haum, piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv lub Urals. Cov thev naus laus zis zoo sib xws, vim tias nws pom tseeb tias cov pob txha thaum lub sijhawm tsim kho tau pom meej meej hauv lub xeev ntawm cov yas loj, xws li khob noom cookie lossis plasticine. Mos "pancakes" tau teem rau sab saum toj ntawm ib leeg thiab tom qab ntawd polymerized. Xws li masonry tau txais lub npe sib xws - plasticine. Tab sis cia peb tsis txhob cuam tshuam los ntawm nws tam sim no. Kuv tawm tswv yim mus ncig me ntsis, yog li ntawd, muaj cov ntaub ntawv paub, xyuas kom meej ntawm nws qhov sib xws.

Egypt. Kuv puas yuav tsum tau piav qhia tias qhov no yog qhov zoo ntawm geopolymer plaster? Lwm lo lus nug yog txiav tawm, yog vim li cas cov hieroglyphs ntawm lub bas-reliefs yog kiag li zoo tib yam, thiab txawm muaj tib yam tsis xws luag. Nws yog qhov yooj yim. Txog rau thaum lub plaster qhuav, qee cov cim tau nyem tawm ntawm nws siv tus qauv cliches, li no tus kheej ntawm tib cov cim nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub bas-relief. Nws tsis tau txiav tawm, tab sis nyem tawm mus rau ntawm lub plaster ntub. Tom qab ntawd nws tig mus rau pob zeb thiab coj daim ntawv ntawm cov pob zeb ntuj, tab sis daim duab qhia tau meej tias cov txheej txheem tev tawm ntawm cov pob zeb ntuj thiab nthuav tawm cov tub ntxhais - roughly tiav granite.

Kuj ntawm no.

Comments nnnnnnado?

Hauv pem teb yog tsim nyob rau hauv tib txoj kev, vim li cas thab thaum muaj kev txhim khu kev qha, sim thiab sim txoj kev?

Nov yog Cambodia. Raws nraim tib yam technologies! Tsuas yog casting, thiab tsis muaj dab tsi ntxiv tuaj yeem tso qhov koj pom ntawm koj lub qhov muag. Koj puas yuav ntseeg koj lub qhov muag, lossis koj puas yuav ntseeg cov kws tshawb fawb?

Tau kawg, qhov no tuaj yeem yog cov khoom lag luam ntawm lub pob zeb ua haujlwm, tsuas yog ib tus kws tshaj lij yuav qhia rau koj tias tsis muaj lub pob zeb zoo li no uas yuav "thov zam" qhov kev ua yuam kev ntawm lub pob zeb txiav ua haujlwm. Lub millimeter qhov ntev ntawm tus neeg peb-dimensional cov ntsiab lus ntawm ornament qhia tau hais tias lub carving yog ua los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv yas, thiab tsis nyob rau hauv ib tug monolith khoom.

Koj puas xav tias qhov no yog qhov drilling? Koj yuam kev lawm. Qhov no yog ua los ntawm ib tug ntoo formwork. Glazing yog pov thawj ntawm raug rau qhov kub thiab txias. Nws yog tau hais tias lub spacer yog tag nrho cov-hlau, thiab lub hardening tshwm sim unscheduled sai sai, uas ua rau nws yuav tsum tau siv tshwj xeeb txoj kev ntawm extracting yeeb nkab los ntawm hardened pob zeb. Saib yuav ua li cas cov qauv tsim niaj hnub no:

Ntawm no yog lub formwork. Nws cov phab ntsa tau tuav ua ke los ntawm cov kav dej sib txuas. Tom qab pouring thiab hardening ntawm pob zeb, cov phab ntsa thiab formwork raug tshem tawm, cov kav dej raug tshem tawm, thiab …

Cov qhov uas sab laug los ntawm kab rov tav cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov kev txhawb nqa ib ntus tsuas yog plastered.

Tab sis nyob rau hauv Baalbek, cov qhov no tsis tau them tag nrho, los yog los ntawm lub sij hawm mus rau lub sij hawm lub plugs tsuas yog vau, thiab qhia lub ntiaj teb no technological kab nyob rau hauv lub creation ntawm megaliths …

Saib ntawm lub visor no, puas muaj leej twg xav tias qhov no yog pob zeb ntuj? Muaj tseeb tiag! Ntxiv mus, nws tau ua heev carelessly.

Dolmens dua. Tsis muaj qhov yuav tsum tau taw qhia tias "monolith" kom meej meej muaj cov vaj huam sib luag, uas thaum lub sijhawm tsim kho yog cov yas uas lawv tso cai rau lawv tus kheej "smeared" nrog spatula ntawm qhov chaw nyob ib sab ntawm lawv ntawm txoj cai kaum.

Lawv qhia kuv tias Andrei Yurievich Sklyarov, uas yog kev hwm los ntawm kuv, tsis tau lees paub qhov tseeb ntawm kev ua lub tshuab pob zeb. Kuv yuav tsum teb: TSIS TAU. Tsis txhob npau taws rau kuv nrog nws cov kiv cua. Andrey Yuryevich qhia lub ntiaj teb no amazing artifacts, tab sis ua tsis ncaj ncees lawm xaus. nws tshwm sim. Tus txiv neej dim ntawm kev poob cev qhev ntawm universal stereotypes, thiab mired nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej tsim. Nws tsuas yog tsis tuaj yeem xav txog tias "kev xyaum", uas nyob rau hauv ib lub kiv puag ncig tau nkag mus tob rau hauv granite, nkag mus tob rau hauv ib pawg pasty. Thiab nws yog feem ntau yuav yog ib tug zoo tib yam yeeb nkab, yog hais tias tsis yog ib tug stick txhua. Nws tsis tuaj yeem ntseeg tias "sib tsoo" tsis yog lub voj voog pom txhua, tab sis tsuas yog smear rau ntub plaster nrog spatula, uas tom qab ntawd tig mus rau pob zeb.

Peb saib ntxiv ntawm dolmens. Qhov kuv hais! Ib tug square slab ntawm hardening av nplaum raug txiav tawm, folded rov qab zoo li lub hau, thiab plaub ntug nyob ib sab yog txiav tawm, muab tso rau vertically thiab them rau sab saum toj nrog lub keeb kwm txiav slab tom qab tus tuag yog pw rau hauv. Nws tseem yuav tsum tau txiav cov phab ntsa nrog spatulas, txiav tawm ib lub qhov, ib lub cork, thiab poob tawm lub qhov rais kawg ntawm lub ntiaj teb no mus rau peb lub ntiaj teb no. Lub qhov rais yog dab tsi? Leej twg paub, tej zaum yuav hloov khoom plig rau cov neeg tuag txhua xyoo ntawm Trinity, raws li peb tam sim no mus xyuas cov txheeb ze uas tuag lawm, thiab tso ib khob ntawm vodka rau ntawm qhov ntxa, npog nrog ib tug crust ntawm rye qhob cij.

Puas yog qhov no yog ib txheej ntawm petrified av nplaum? Kuv, ib yam nkaus, me ntsis, tab sis tsuas yog tawm ntawm tus cwj pwm tsis txhob tso siab rau leej twg, vim txhua yam nyob ib puag ncig yog kev dag! Txhua yam - txhua yam - txhua yam!

Nws tau pom meej meej tias cov neeg tsim kho tau kho qhov tsis zoo, sau lawv nrog mortar, lossis "pob zeb" nws tus kheej.

Puas yog ntuj granite tev tawm hauv txoj kev no? kuv tsis tau pom dua ib zaug li.

Xav tau ntau cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj ntawm kev siv geopolymer plaster? Cov kab yog ua los ntawm cov pob zeb me me, ua haujlwm zoo (txawm tias muaj cov khoom siv zoo) thiab tom qab ntawd npog nrog txheej plaster, uas cov duab kos yog ces extruded nrog cov txheej txheem nyem seals.

Da dej ntawm Antoninus hauv Carthage. Ntawm no peb feem ntau pom steel reinforcement. Nws zoo li qhov no feem ntau yog remake ntawm thaum ntxov xyoo pua nees nkaum.

Dougga, Tunisia. Obviously, cov yeeb nkab ceramic tau ntim nrog cov pob zeb, thiab ntawm no yog cov lus qhia rau cov menyuam yaus: - qhov twg yog lub tshuab ua haujlwm hnyav, nrog rau 30 cm laum thiab 40 cm cutter. Tsis txhob nyuaj tej yam zoo li ntawd. Lub Hnub Nyoog Hlau yog lub sijhawm uas peb nyob tam sim no, thiab tsis yog qhov lawv sau txog hauv phau ntawv. Thiab Lub Hnub Nyoog Pob Zeb tsis yog txhua lub sijhawm ntawm Neanderthals nrog pob zeb axes thiab scrapers. Lub Hnub Nyoog Pob Zeb tsuas yog xaus rau xyoo pua 18th, thaum lub sijhawm siv pob zeb loj heev tau hloov los ntawm cov cuab yeej hlau thiab cov khoom siv hauv tsev.

Them mloog mus rau lub thickness ntawm cov phab ntsa ze ntawm lub da dej. Qhov no tsis yog monolith! Qhov no yog ib qho dej khov, uas yog smeared nrog kev nyuaj siab. Peb tam sim no muaj tib yam, tsuas yog nrog lub qhov dej rau hauv pem teb.

Thiab ntawm no yog qhov tseeb "delicacy" uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov neeg tsis ntseeg siab tshaj plaws. Qhov no yog qhov petrified hneev taw ntawm tus tsim khau khau. Koj puas tseem ntseeg cov phau ntawv?

Yog vim li cas, yog li ntawd, tsis muaj leej twg xav tsis thoob los ntawm xws li "kev tos txais" los ntawm lub sijhawm Jurassic?

Zoo, rau khoom noj txom ncauj, kuv thov kom saib cov yeeb yaj kiab zoo. Qhov no yog rau cov neeg uas tsis nyiam nyeem, tab sis tsis tau poob lawv txoj kev xav paub. Hmoov zoo phooj ywg! Xav tsis thoob! Tsuav koj muaj peev xwm xav tsis thoob - lub ntiaj teb tsis ntsib lub apocalypse!