Lub xeem Ivan. Unpublished. Ntu 2

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

- Niaj hnub no, kws sau ntawv, lwm tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm International Slavic Academy Ivan Vladimirovich Drozdov tab tom mus xyuas lub chaw ua haujlwm kho xov tooj cua "Slovo". Ivan Vladimirovich, koj kuj muaj ib tug puav pheej rau lub nroog ntawm Budapest. Interestingly, koj tau mus los ntawm Stalingrad mus rau Budapest, vim hais tias nyob rau hauv Budapest, qhov tseeb, koj ua tiav cov phiaj xwm, txoj cai?

- Yog lawm, kuv tau ntsib qhov kawg ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog, hauv Budapest.

- Yog li, kuv xav paub, puas yog kev sib ntaus sib tua rau Budapest txawv ntawm lwm qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua uas koj yuav tsum koom nrog?

- Yog, qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua no txawv thiab, ntxiv rau, muaj zog heev. Tab sis, kuv mam li npaj rau koj tam sim ntawd, zoo li kuv. Kuv tau nyeem cov ntawv me me txog Kev Sib Tw ntawm Budapest. Zoo, qee yam kuv tsis tau hla nws, thiab kuv tsis tau cuam tshuam nrog keeb kwm tub rog tshwj xeeb. Yog li ntawd, yog tias tam sim no kuv pib qhia koj txog kev sib ntaus sib tua no, nco ntsoov tias qhov no yog kuv lub tswv yim. Nov yog qhov kuv pom, qhov kuv hnov, qhov twg kuv koom. Ntawm no, tej zaum, cov keeb kwm lossis cov thawj coj loj yuav tsis pom zoo nrog qee yam. Kuv tsis ua txuj ua qhov tseeb tiag thiab yuav qhia koj txog kuv qhov kev xav.

Kuv tuaj rau qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua no nyob ze Budapest ua tus thawj coj ntawm pem hauv ntej-line anti-aircraft artillery. Ntawm txoj kev, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, lawv tau qhia peb qhov twg peb mus, qhov twg lub roj teeb yuav tsum nres. Nws yuav tsum nres ntawm sab xis ntawm lub Danube txoj cai ntawm ntug dej ntawm dej thiab tawm tsam qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm cov tub rog German. Ntxiv mus, txoj kab pem hauv ntej ntawm cov tub rog German tsuas yog 700-800 meters deb ntawm peb. Tawm tsam peb yog Mount Geller, thiab ntawm Mount Geller yog vaj ntxwv vaj ntxwv. Kuv yuav tsum hais tias Budapest muaj ob ntu: Buda thiab Pest. Peb nyob hauv Pest, thiab vaj ntxwv vaj ntxwv nyob hauv Buda. Peb tsav tsheb raws ib lub teb chaws txoj kev thaum hmo ntuj, peb tsav tsheb mus rau sab nrauv thiab ceev heev kom txog rau thaum hmo ntuj, vim hais tias lub roj teeb yuav tsum tau muab faus, thiab hmo ntuj tsaus, thiab qhov zoo rau peb. Tab sis yog tias peb tsis tau faus lub roj teeb, peb tau taw tam sim ntawd, lawv tuaj yeem rhuav tshem peb nrog thawj volleys.

- Puas yog nws nyob ntsiag to thaum koj tsav tsheb?

- Zoo, peb tau tsav tsheb thaum nws nyob ntsiag to. Tsis muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv cheeb tsam no kiag li. Thiab feem ntau, kuv yuav tsum hais tias, qhov peculiarity ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua no yog tias tsis muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua. Vim li cas? Vim peb ncig cov Germans nyob ze Budapest. Lawv pom lawv tus kheej nyob rau hauv ib lub nplhaib, ntxiv rau, cov pab pawg nyob ib puag ncig suav, ntawm no dua kuv tsis muab cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb, tab sis qhov peb tau hais yog 170-190 txhiab. Yog li ntawd, yog vim li cas peb thiaj li tau mus rau qhov chaw uas txhua yam nyob ntawm rab phom thiab peb tuaj yeem raug puas tsuaj tam sim ntawd. Yog li, peb tuaj txog ntawm lub sijhawm thiab tswj tau khawb hauv, faus peb tus kheej. Peb tau faus rau hauv 2-3 teev, ntawm no. Peb muaj 137 leej, yuav tsum faus 3 rab phom thiab cuab yeej cuab tam, lawv nkaum tsheb tom qab tsev, tsis faus lawv. Muaj teeb meem nrog cov tsheb. Ntxiv mus, sai li sai tau thaum peb sawv, kuv pom lub Danube, kuv muaj ib tug ntau finder nyob ib sab ntawm kuv trench (los ntawm txoj kev, nws tau ua nyob rau hauv lub Leningrad nroj tsuag "Svetlana"). Thiab thaum nws pib kaj ntug, nyob rau hauv no rangefinder kuv pom tsis tau tsuas yog cov tub rog, tab sis kuj lub ntsej muag, kuv txawm pom lub qhov muag, vim hais tias nws muaj ib tug 72-fold magnification. Yog li ntawd, kuv pom txhua yam, Kuv saib, lawv calmly lees txais cov tsos ntawm lub roj teeb tshiab. Yog, nws ua rau kuv zoo siab. Tom qab ntawd kuv mus rau tus thawj tub rog ntawm cov neeg nyob ze, txhua tus raug faus rau hauv trench. Los ntawm txoj kev, peb pem hauv ntej kav ntev li 50-70 km raws txoj cai ntug dej thiab muaj qhov tob ntawm 4-5 echelon qhov chaw, 4-5 echelons. Yog thawj echelon tuag, qhov thib ob nkag mus rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua, thiab lwm yam.

- Koj nyob hauv thawj?

- Kuv tsis yog ntau heev nyob rau hauv thawj, raws li nyob rau hauv lub Germans ntawm lub qhov ntswg. Yog li txoj hmoo tau tsim thiab, ntawm chav kawm, kuv yog ib tug tub hluas, kuv tsuas yog 20 xyoo. Tab sis kuv nkag siab tias qhov no yog kev sib ntaus sib tua, qhov twg, sai li sai tau thaum nws npau taws, thiab peb yuav tsis yog, xws li squall yuav mus. Qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua no tshwj xeeb. Nws peculiarity yog tias nws yog qhov kawg ntawm lub Great Patriotic War. Qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua no tau ua raws li kev ua haujlwm Berlin. Tom qab kev sib ntaus sib tua loj nyob ze Leningrad, ze Moscow, ze Stalingrad, Kursk Bulge … Los ntawm txoj kev, kuv nyob ze Stalingrad, kuv nyob ntawm Kursk Bulge, tab sis, hais ncaj, kuv tsis nyob hauv ntuj raug txim. Lub roj teeb tau muab tso rau ntawm txoj kev, thiab peb yuav tsum tiv thaiv los ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam kom lawv tsis txhob txav mus rau ntawm peb pab pawg, thiab los ntawm cov dav hlau yog tias lawv ya los ntawm peb hauv tshav pob. Yog li ntawd, rau lub roj teeb, ntau dua los yog tsawg dua cov kev sib ntaus sib tua, yog li hais, tau zoo siab tswj hwm. Peb muaj qhov tsawg kawg ntawm kev poob, txawm tias nyob rau hauv Kev Sib Tw ntawm Kursk. Tab sis ntawm no, kuv twb xav tias, ntawm no peb yuav tsis zoo siab. Yog lawm, lwm qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua no yog tias, hauv lub hauv paus loj, zoo li rau kuv, thiab raws li kuv pom, lawv tau txiav txim siab hauv qab no: tsis txhob maj, tsis txhob tawm tsam lub taub hau, tab sis nyob ib puag ncig thiab dai ntawm pab pawg no nrog. lub zog ntau dua thiab suppress nws nrog lub zog no., uas tau ua tiav.

- Yuav tsum tso tseg?

- Yog lawm, ib qho ntxiv, txij li peb nyob ib puag ncig lawv, tsis muaj cov khoom siv mos txwv, roj av, lossis zaub mov. Los ntawm txoj kev, kuv lub roj teeb tau muab thawj txoj haujlwm: tsis yog ib lub dav hlau nrog cov khoom noj khoom haus mus rau qhov chaw ntawm pawg German.

- Yog li lawv tau xaus rau hauv lub cauldron?

- Yog, lawv xaus rau hauv lub cauldron. Ntau nyob rau lwm qhov chaw kuj muaj nyob rau hauv lub cauldron. Tab sis, nyob rau hauv lwm yam kev sib ntaus sib tua, nws tau tshwm sim hais tias txhua lub sij hawm cov formations sib tsoo thiab loj losses … Ntawm no kuv mus rau tus nyob sib ze battalion commander, kuv nug: "Dab tsi, nws yog dab tsi? Koj puas tau sawv ntev? Hais tias: "Yog, nws twb tau ib lub lis piam lawm." Kuv hais tias: "Yog li cas?" Nws hais tias, "Yog lawm, lawv twb tau ob zaug," nws hais tias, "tau thawb nrog rab phom tua, tab sis tau txais qhov rov qab los ntawm peb ua rau lawv ntshai." Nws hais tias, "Tam sim no nws yog 2 hnub," nws hais tias, "silence." Kuv zoo siab tias tej zaum peb hnub yuav muaj kev ntsiag to. Tab sis, tsis muaj qhov ntsiag to rau peb, vim hais tias cov dav hlau nrog zaub mov tau mus thiab mus ntxiv. Thiab peb ntaus thiab ntaus cov dav hlau no. Tsib lub dav hlau hnyav, thauj, plaub lub cav, raug tua los ntawm lub roj teeb kom lawv poob ze. Nws tau qhab nia rau peb. Kuv muaj sijhawm los nthuav qhia tag nrho cov roj teeb rau qhov khoom plig. Txhua tus tau txais kev txiav txim thiab khoom plig. Zoo, tom qab ntawd ntau dua lossis tsawg dua so thaum tav su. Thaum tsaus ntuj lawv ya dua. Lub sij hawm kub, kub sib ntaus sib tua, thaum battalions zaum nyob ze, teb artillery khawb rau hauv. Lawv so. Cov tsis tua, los ntawm peb sab thiab. Zoo, peb cov roj teeb hluav taws kub txhua lub sijhawm. Kev sib ntaus sib tua tau ntev tshaj li ob lub hlis. Kuv saib lawv lub neej, lawv tshaib plab npaum li cas, lawv faib li cas lawv tau tso tseg, cov ncuav me me.

- Yuav ua li cas blockade nyob rau hauv Leningrad?

- Yog, zoo, Kuv tsis paub, Kuv tsis nyob ntawm qhov thaiv. Yog lawm, lawv tau poob lub zog. Thaum lub sij hawm tuaj txog, Hitler tuaj txib pab pawg no, tab sis tsis muaj dab tsi los ntawm nws. Lawv sim ua txhaum hauv thaj tsam ntawm Lake Balaton.

- Qhov ntawd yog, Hitler tau teeb tsa qee lub hom phiaj rau nws tus kheej?

- Lawm, qhov no yog tib txoj hauj lwm - mus ntes peb cov tub rog nyob rau hauv lub Danube, ntawm ib tug natural barrier. Yog tias peb hla Danube, ces Budapest yog 13 thawj-chav kawm txuas hniav thiab txoj kev mus rau Tebchaws Europe.

- Qhov ntawd yog, nws yog qee yam kev hloov pauv hauv kev ua tsov rog, txoj cai?

- Qhov kev hloov pauv yog nyob rau hauv Moscow thaum pib, hauv Stalingrad, thiab tom qab ntawd ntawm Kursk Bulge. Peb xav tias peb tau tawg tag nrho lub nraub qaum ntawm cov tub rog German, tab sis ntawm no yog Hitler qhov kev sim zaum kawg kom nyob twj ywm rau ntawm Danube thiab nres peb cov tub rog. Thiab thaum twg, txawm li cas los xij, lawv nkag siab: tsis muaj dab tsi los tawm tsam ntxiv, vim tias lawv twb sawv tsis tau, thiab taug kev tsis tau, lawv tau pov cov chij dawb. Zoo, muaj ib lub ferry nyob ze, thiab cov tub rog taug kev hla lub ferry nruab hnub thiab hmo ntuj nyob rau hauv ib tug nruam kwj deg …

- German?

- Cov Germans … Peb mus cuag lawv, lawv tsis muaj riam phom. Peb mus cuag lawv, lawv stretched lawv txhais tes, nug: "Muab mov rau kuv." Peb cov txiv neej hais tias: "Yog lawm, peb yuav muab mov, tab sis koj ua tsis tau, koj twb …". Lawv tsis tau noj dab tsi rau ib hlis, koj paub … Lub plab tsis tau npaj … Qhov no yog li cas Tsov Rog ntawm Budapest xaus. Nws nyob ib ncig ntawm lub Ob Hlis kawg. Yeej nyob ze…

- Yog li kuv paub tias koj tau ntsib kev yeej hauv Budapest …

- Yog. Kuv nco txog lub sijhawm no, tau kawg. Raws li qhov ua ntej, kuv yuav hais tias, sai li sai tau thaum peb ua tiav qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua nyob ze ntawm Budapest, cov thawj coj ntawm pawg thawj coj, kuv yog tus thawj coj ntawm pawg, tau raug hu thiab hais kom hais, kev sib tham zais cia uas peb yuav npaj cov tub rog phom loj xa mus. mus rau sab hnub tuaj. Tsis muaj leej twg yuav tsum paub tias peb tab tom npaj lub plhaub, npaj phom, npaj cov tub rog. Kuv pom tau hais tias peb tab tom tham txog kev ua tsov rog nrog Nyij Pooj, thiab kuv tau mloog zoo rau kev npaj lub roj teeb. Nws tau raug kho, oiled, thiab lwm yam. Kev sib ntaus sib tua dhau lawm, tsis muaj dab tsi xav tau ntawm peb, thiab thawj zaug hauv kev tsov rog tag nrho peb tau pw. Cov tub rog ua ib tug me me dugout rau kuv, nrog saib ncaj qha rau ntawm dej, ntawm tus yeeb ncuab. Zoo, kuv tau pw, tau kawg, tuag. Thiab tom qab ntawd muaj ib tag kis, thaum kaj ntug, kuv hnov ib lub suab nrov, thiab av tau pib txav hauv qab kuv. Kuv lub roj teeb hluav taws kub ntawm tus nqi ntawm 3 vib nas this.

- Thiab qhov tempo no yog dab tsi?

- Qhov no yog qhov nrawm, thaum tso tsheb hlau luam twb poob rau koj los ntawm txhua sab, thiab koj yuav tsum tua lawv tawm lossis tuag. Ntawm tus nqi no, lub roj teeb tuaj yeem tiv taus tsuas yog 7-8 feeb, lossis tsawg dua. Tab sis kuv tab tom npaj nws xa mus rau sab hnub tuaj. Kuv ntshai, dhia tawm, qw hais tias: "Tsis txhob tua hluav taws." Thiab tag nrho ib ncig ntawm kuv muaj hluav taws, koj paub, lub ntuj yog burning. Thiab lub ntuj hlawv nyob rau hauv ib tug tiag tiag txoj kev, vim hais tias lub plhaub, ces cov mos txwv, igniting - tag nrho cov no tau ntes tau hluav taws tam sim ntawd. Peb, thiab tsis yog peb li xwb, tab sis tag nrho Budapest pem hauv ntej tau npaj xa mus rau sab hnub tuaj.

- Thiab tam sim ntawd…

- Yog, thiab mam li nco dheev nws tag nrho nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua, thiaj li hais lus, riam phom thiab, thaum tsov rog xaus - salute.

- Yog li nws yog foob pob hluav taws?

- Thaum kuv pib txiav txim kom muaj kev sib tua: "Koj yuav hlawv cov thoob!"

- Zoo heev!

- Yog, tsov rog dhau lawm. Peb nres, tau kawg, qhov kev tua no. Tom qab ntawd kuv tshuaj xyuas cov phom, kuv ntshai: Kuv yuav tsum mus rau sab hnub tuaj. Hmoov zoo, peb tsis raug xa mus rau sab hnub tuaj.

Nyeem txog lub teb chaws muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm lub roj teeb, cov neeg Yudais nyob rau pem hauv ntej, tus cwj pwm ntawm tus yeeb ncuab nyob rau hauv cov kab lus hauv qab no …

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