Qhov twg mus nrhiav tus tiag tiag Santa Claus?

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Santa Claus - nws yog Yolkich, nws yog Christmas yawg, nws yog Moroz Ivanovich, nws yog Morozko. Nws ntseeg tau tias nws nyob hauv Veliky Ustyug, tab sis muaj cov ntaub ntawv hais tias nws xav hloov kev tuaj koom.

Raws li cov ntaub ntawv tshiab tshaj plaws, nws tau nyob hauv Lapland Nature Reserve thiab nkag mus rau hauv kev sib koom ua ke nrog Kola Mining thiab Metallurgical Company. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog ua kev zoo siab rau Xyoo Tshiab merrily thiab merrily. Yog li, txoj haujlwm "Santa Claus xav tau" tau tshaj tawm thoob plaws lub tebchaws.

Kuv qhov chaw nyob yog Veliky Ustyug

Niaj hnub no, txhua tus zoo li paub tias Santa Claus nyob hauv Veliky Ustyug, qhov twg cov kiv cua loj thiab me tuaj yeem tuaj rau nws. Nyob rau hauv ib lub tsev loj, taug kev raws txoj kev ntawm fairy tales, saib mus rau hauv lub smithy los yog café. Tab sis Leej Txiv Frost tau nyob hauv Veliky Ustyug tsis ntev los no, xyoo 1999. Nws lub tsev nyob qhov twg ua ntej ntawd?

Thiab qhov tseeb yog tias tsis muaj chaw nyob. Muaj (thiab yog) ib lub tsev zoo tib yam uas Yawg ua haujlwm txhua xyoo puag ncig, npaj rau hnub so. Yog li ntawd peb yuav mus nrhiav nws.

Ib tsob ntoo Christmas yug hauv hav zoov … Xav paub ntxiv

Rau qhov pib, nws yuav yog qhov zoo los txiav txim siab seb Santa Claus tuaj qhov twg thiab nws tau ua nws cov kev ua koob tsheej ntev npaum li cas.

Nws paub tias peb ua kev zoo siab rau qhov pib ntawm Xyoo Tshiab nyob rau hmo ntuj ntawm lub Kaum Ob Hlis 31 txog Lub Ib Hlis Ntuj Tim 1, ua tsaug rau Peter I. Tab sis kev lig kev cai ntawm kev tso tsob ntoo Xyoo Tshiab tau zoo li 120 xyoo tom qab. Thaum xub thawj, cov neeg ua koob tsheej txwv lawv tus kheej rau "décor ntawm cov ntoo thiab ceg ntoo ntawm ntoo thuv, spruce thiab juniper" - ceg ntoo.

Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv 1817, thawj cov ntoo nto moo raug ntsia - yav tom ntej Emperor Nicholas kuv xav thov nws tus nkauj nyab Alexandra Fedorovna, nee Princess Frederica Louise Charlotte Wilhelmina ntawm Prussia. Cov kev lig kev cai ntawm kev teeb tsa Christmas ntoo ntawm cov neeg German uas nyob hauv Russia tsis tu ncua, thiab nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 19th lawv pib maj mam txais nws. Los ntawm txoj kev, Nicholas kuv tus kheej tsis nyiam qhov kev cai no: raws li nws tus ntxhais Grand Duchess Olga Nikolaevna hais tias, "nws yeej ib txwm tawm tsam cov ntoo," nws ntshai ntawm hluav taws los ntawm tswm ciab. Tab sis dab tsi ua tsis tau rau koj tsev neeg.

Txij li xyoo 1830, … cov khw muag khoom noj khoom haus tau pib ua lag luam Christmas ntoo. Lawv muag cov ntoo dai kom zoo nkauj, nrog tswm ciab thiab khoom qab zib, thiab lawv tau kim heev. Txij li thaum xyoo 1840, cov ntoo dag tau suav tias yog cov nqaij tshwj xeeb, tab sis cov txiv neej zoo tib yam kuj paub txog lawv cov txiaj ntsig. Lawv pib txiav ntoo thiab coj lawv mus rau lub nroog mus muag, ces "Christmas ntoo" thaum kawg tau muaj.

Xyoo 1852, ib tsob ntoo Christmas rau pej xeem tau tsim tsa hauv St. Petersburg ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb ciav hlau Yekateringofsky, thiab lawv maj mam pib npaj cov hnub so: hauv cov rooj sib tham ntawm cov nom tswv, gymnasiums, thiab cov koom haum.

Qee lub sij hawm, cov ntoo sib tw nrog cov hnub caiv Christmas, tab sis thaum kawg lawv yeej. Txawm hais tias nyob rau hauv cov tsev ntawm cov pov thawj thiab nyob rau hauv cov neeg ua teb hus, cov ntoo yeej tsis tau tsim. "Barskaya nroog lom zem", tab sis zoo heev. Tom qab tag nrho, Chekhov's Vanka kuj hais tias: "Nyob ntawm tsob ntoo rau cov txiv neej, yawg ib txwm mus tom hav zoov thiab coj nws tus tub xeeb ntxwv nrog nws. Nws yog lub sijhawm lom zem! Thiab yawm txiv quacked, thiab Frost quacked, thiab saib lawv, thiab Vanka quacked."

Tab sis lawv nco qab xyoo 1914 tias qhov no lom zem tsis yog rau tus tswv xwb, tab sis kuj rau lub teb chaws Yelemees. Thaum xub thawj, lawv tau tuav caj npab tawm tsam kev lig kev cai, thiab tom qab ntawd cov ntoo raug txwv tsis pub muab tso rau txhua qhov chaw. Txawm hais tias qhov kev txiav npluav raug ua txhaum cai, kuv xav tau hnub so txawm tias thaum muaj kev tsov rog nyuaj.

Qhov kev txwv tom ntej no tsis cuam tshuam nrog German, tab sis nrog lub cim Christmas ntawm lub cim. Nyob rau hauv Soviet txoj cai, ntoo raug txwv dua, tab sis tsis ntev. Xyoo 1935, Pravda tau luam tawm ib tsab xov xwm luv luv los ntawm Pavel Postyshev, tus neeg sib tw rau kev ua tswv cuab hauv Politburo ntawm Central Committee ntawm All-Union Communist Party ntawm Bolsheviks. Nws nug tias: “Vim li cas peb thiaj muaj tsev kawm ntawv, tsev kho mob menyuam ntsuag, chaw zov me nyuam, cov koom haum me nyuam yaus, cov tuam tsev ntawm cov pioneer tshem tawm cov me nyuam ntawm cov neeg ua hauj lwm hauv lub tebchaws Soviet uas muaj kev zoo siab zoo li no? Ib txhia, tsis yog lwm yam tshaj li "sab laug", benders denounced no cov me nyuam kev lom zem raws li ib tug bourgeois venture. " Cov ntoo rov qab, tab sis, ntawm chav kawm, tsis yog Christmas, tab sis Xyoo Tshiab.

Who? Qhov twg? Muaj pes tsawg xyoo?

Santa Claus nyob rau hauv nws ib txwm festive daim ntawv hloov mus rau me ntsis hluas dua tsob ntoo Christmas. Qee lub sij hawm nws ntseeg tias qhov no yog ib hom kev hloov kho ntawm Santa Claus lossis St. Nicholas, tab sis Santa Claus tseem muaj cov hauv paus hniav sib txawv. Nrog zoo Santa, nws yog, kab tias, cuam tshuam, tab sis nyob deb.

Thawj thawj zaug, nyob rau hauv lub npe Morozko, nws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib tug pej xeem taleas, uas Vladimir Odoevsky reells nyob rau hauv 1840. Nyob rau hauv lub collection "Tales ntawm yawg Irenaeus" muaj ib zaj dab neeg txog Moroz Ivanovich, uas nyob rau hauv ib tug sib sib zog nqus qhov. Ua ntej, Needlewoman yuam kev mus rau nws, uas nplawm ib tug featherbed, thiab muab cov khoom nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim nyob rau hauv lub tsev pheebsuab, uas nws tau txais nqi zog. Qhov thib ob hauv lub tsev pheeb suab zoo li Sloth, uas, ntawm chav kawm, tsis muaj dab tsi thiab tau icicles thiab icicles.

Txog tam sim no, tsis muaj khoom plig thiab kev ntshaw. Nws zoo nkaus li zoo li ib zaj lus piv txwv txog kev kawm, tab sis zaj dab neeg tau koob meej thiab tau suav nrog ntau yam menyuam yaus cov lus qhuab qhia.

Thaum lub sij hawm, cov ntawv tshwj xeeb tau luam tawm hauv Russia rau Christmas. Thaum xub thawj, lawv tsuas yog tracing daim ntawv los ntawm txawv teb chaws - lawv coj tib daim duab, tab sis ua ib tug inscription nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab. Ib tug txiv neej laus nyob sab Europe nrog lub hnab khoom plig xav tau lub npe. Lawv hu nws Yolkich, Christmas yawg, ces lawv muab tus txiv neej zoo lub npe Moroz Ivanovich. Maj mam, nws hloov mus rau Santa Claus.

Los ntawm txoj kev, Yolkich tsis tau hnov qab ib yam. Piv txwv li, Fyodor Sollogub muaj ib zaj dab neeg nrog lub npe no, thiab nyob ntawd tus ntxhais Sima tham txog tus cwj pwm tsis nco qab zoo li no: "Me me, me me, nrog tus ntiv tes yug tshiab. Thiab tag nrho cov ntsuab, thiab nws tsw ntawm tar, thiab nws tus kheej yog li ntxhib. Thiab ntsuab pob muag."

Thiab Santa Claus tau dhau los ua tus neeg ua haujlwm puv ntoob thiab lub cim tseem ceeb ntawm cov menyuam yaus cov tog neeg txij thaum nruab nrab xyoo 1930, thaum tsob ntoo rov los ua tus cwj pwm tseem ceeb ntawm hnub so. Txij thaum ntawd los, nws nyob ntawm Kola Peninsula, ze Murmansk.

Kev tshawb nrhiav tau tsim …

Lub npe: Txiv Frost.

Lub npe: "Tus Vaj Ntxwv ntawm Sab Qab Teb" lossis "Vajtswv Txias" - raws li cov npe no nws paub los ntawm cov neeg hauv paus txawm ntawm Lapland, Sami. Lawv coj nws khoom plig, thov kom muaj kev vam meej lub caij ntuj no yos hav zoov thiab txo cov frosts hnyav.

Qhov chaw nyob: Murmansk cheeb tsam, Kola Peninsula, Lapland xwm cia, Chunozyorskaya vaj tse.

Hnub yug: Nov 18th. Nws yog thaum kawg ntawm lub caij nplooj zeeg uas yawg ua koob tsheej nco txog nws lub hnub yug, thiab hnub no hauv Chunozero vaj tse, hnub so yog ib txwm tuav nrog thawj lub teeb ntawm tsob ntoo. Tom qab ntawd, Santa Claus pib nws txoj kev mus los ntawm cov khoom muaj nqis. Thiab los ntawm txoj kev, lub hnub nyoog ntawm yawg tseem tsis tau tsim, kev tshawb nrhiav txuas ntxiv mus.

Cov cim tshwj xeeb: nquag siv pab neeg reindeer. Thiab tag nrho vim hais tias lub nroog Olenegorsk nyob ib sab ntawm nws thaj av.

Cov pab thiab cov khub: Herman Kreps, geobotanist, zoologist thiab ecologist, nrhiav tau sab qaum teb patrimony ntawm Santa Claus rov qab rau xyoo 1920. Txij thaum ntawd los, Yawg tau nyob thiab ua haujlwm ntawm no tau ntau xyoo, thiab hauv Veliky Ustyug nws muaj ib hom "sab qab teb". Tus thib ob tus pab ncaj ncees rau yawg yog Kola Mining thiab Metallurgical Company (MMC), uas muab nws nrog txhua yam nws xav tau txhua xyoo.

Cov cwj pwm thiab kev ua neej: Tsis zoo li kev ntseeg nrov, Santa Claus ua haujlwm txhua xyoo puag ncig, xa ntawv los ntawm cov menyuam yaus thiab npaj rau lub Kaum Ob Hlis hnub. Koj tuaj yeem sau ntawv rau nws ntawm Forest Post Office ntawm: Laplandsky Nature Reserve, per. Ntsuab, 8, Monchegorsk, Murmansk cheeb tsam. Muaj ntau txoj kev ncig ncig hauv cheeb tsam no dhau los ntawm lub tsev ntawm Santa Claus, thiab nws yeej ib txwm zoo siab uas muaj cov qhua.

Kev nyiam ua: Santa Claus kuj yog ib tug kws tshawb fawb zoo, thiab qhov no yog lwm qhov laj thawj vim li cas nws nyob ntawm Kola Peninsula. Lub ncov qaum teb ecosystem tau khaws cia ntawm no, thiab cov kws tshawb fawb tseem tab tom nrhiav pom hom tsiaj thiab nroj tsuag tshiab. Cov kws tshawb fawb uas ua haujlwm ntawm kev tiv thaiv cov xwm txheej hauv zos pab cov yawg yawg hauv kev kawm txog eco-kev coj noj coj ua.

Piv txwv li, yog hais tias nyob rau hauv 2003 114 hom ntawm lichens tau sau tseg nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub reserves, niaj hnub no twb muaj 629. Qhov kev txuag ntawm sab qaum teb tshaj plaws thiab qub chaw nyob ntawm Leej Txiv Frost yog txhawb los ntawm Kola MMC.

Thiab los ntawm txoj kev, Santa Claus twb tau npaj mus ncig ua si loj thoob plaws tebchaws. Tab sis tam sim no koj paub txhua yam txog nws … Los yog yuav luag txhua yam?