Heroic Defense ntawm Hanko: Undefeated Gangut

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Lub Hanko Peninsula zoo dua lub npe hu ua Gangut hauv keeb kwm ntawm tub rog. Nws nyob ntawm nws ntug dej hiav txwv xyoo 1714 thaum Tsov Rog Sab Hnub Tuaj (1700-1721) uas muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv nkoj ntawm Lavxias thiab Swedish fleets. Nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm kev xav-tawm-ua hauj lwm zoo thiab nyob rau hauv tus kheej cov lus txib ntawm Peter kuv thiab nws cov neeg koom tes, lub Swedish fleet twb swb, uas tsis paub swb ua ntej Gangut. Thawj qhov kev yeej loj ntawm Lavxias lub nkoj tau tso cai rau Russia nkag mus rau ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv Baltic, ntxiv dag zog rau nws txoj haujlwm hauv Finland thiab tsim kom muaj kev tswj hwm tiav hauv Gulf of Finland.

Txij thaum ntawd los, thaj av ib ncig ntawm Hanko, ua tsaug rau nws qhov chaw yooj yim nyob rau hauv dej hiav txwv Baltic, tau rov ua ib qho chaw rau kev sib ntaus sib tua thaum lub sij hawm Lavxias-Swedish tsov rog. Cov dej hauv cheeb tsam no, vim muaj huab cua sov, muab kev taug kev yuav luag txhua xyoo. Thaum Lub Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib 1, Hanko tau nyob hauv lub hauv paus ua haujlwm rau lub teeb pom kev zoo thiab cov submarines ntawm Baltic Fleet, nws nyob ntawm no tias cov nkoj detachments tau tsim ua ntej tawm mus rau kev ua haujlwm hauv hiav txwv.

Thaj chaw uas tau xauj los ntawm USSR los ntawm Finland

Nyob rau hauv 1940, raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm lub Soviet-Finnish ua tsov ua rog, lub Hanko Peninsula tau xauj rau lub USSR rau 30 xyoo rau lub creation ntawm ib tug naval puag rau nws. Qhov chaw thaj chaw tau txiav txim siab lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm lub hauv paus - kev tiv thaiv ntawm sab qaum teb flank thiab kev ua haujlwm pub dawb rau Baltic Fleet. Nws kuj tau xav tias nws nyob ntawm no uas hu ua. "Musquito fleet" (nkoj torpedo, thiab lwm yam), submarines thiab units ntawm Red Banner Baltic Fleet Air Force. Txawm hais tias nws txoj haujlwm muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv thaj chaw thiab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov tswv yim, lub hauv paus no muaj ntau qhov tsis txaus. Kev xa khoom ntawm Peninsula, incl. zaub mov, zoo li yog ib qho kev lag luam nyuaj thiab kim heev, vim qhov tseeb nws tsuas yog tshwm sim los ntawm hiav txwv lossis huab cua. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub hauv paus tau nyob ib puag ncig los ntawm cov phom loj los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab rog thiab pom tau meej heev los ntawm txhua qhov kev qhia, thiab ntau cov Islands tuaj me me yuav tso cai rau cov yeeb ncuab los ua kev tawm tsam rau cov nkoj hauv Soviet.

Cov Finns tam sim ntawd tom qab leasing cov ceg av qab teb pib nquag ntxiv dag zog rau lawv txoj haujlwm nyob ib puag ncig thiab tsim kev tiv thaiv kab ntawm isthmus thiab Islands tuaj.

Tus thawj coj ntawm Northern Defense Region ntawm Northern Fleet, Coast Guard Lieutenant General Sergei Ivanovich Kabanov (1901-1973). Txij lub Tsib Hlis mus txog Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1941 - tus thawj coj ntawm Hanko naval puag

Thaum pib ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav xyoo 1941, muaj txog 30 txhiab tus tub rog Soviet thiab cov pej xeem ntawm lub hauv paus Soviet. Lub hauv paus naval suav nrog:

• railway faib - roj teeb ntawm 305 mm caliber thiab 180 mm caliber;
• ob chav artillery (10 130-mm phom, 24 45-mm thiab peb 100-mm);
• ib pab tub rog ntawm torpedo nkoj ntawm G-5 hom;
• kev faib ntawm M-chav submarines thiab MO-hom patrol nkoj;
• ib lub dav hlau tua rog ntawm I-153 dav hlau thiab tub rog huab cua ntawm MBR-2 seaplanes;
• phom loj tub rog (ob phom phom, tub rog tub rog, tub rog tank, tub rog tiv thaiv dav hlau, tub rog tub rog, tub rog sib txuas lus, lub tuam txhab tsheb);
• peb tiv thaiv dav hlau artillery battalions, peb tsim battalions thiab ob lub tuam txhab tsim kho;
• ciam teb detachment thiab tsev kho mob.

Cov lus txib German tau teeb tsa nws tus kheej txoj haujlwm ntawm kev ntes cov ceg av qab teb sai li sai tau. Rau lub hom phiaj no, pawg Hanko tawm tsam tau teeb tsa thaum Lub Rau Hli 1941. Cov yeeb ncuab tau pib tawm tsam thaum Lub Rau Hli 26 nrog lub foob pob muaj zog thiab sim tsaws. Nyob rau tib hnub, Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Finland R. Ryti tau hais tias "Cov tub rog Soviet ntawm Hanko yog lub zog tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv av … Hanko yog rab yaj phom tsom rau hauv plawv Finland! ". Raws li Sergei Ivanovich Kabanov nco qab nyob rau hauv nws memoirs:

Nyob rau yav tsaus ntuj ntawm Lub Rau Hli 24, kuv tau txais xov tooj cua los ntawm Tus Thawj Saib Xyuas Haujlwm ntawm Red Banner Baltic Fleet, Rear Admiral Yu. Panteleva. Nws qhia kuv txog qhov kev txiav txim ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm lub nkoj: thaum sawv ntxov ntawm Lub Rau Hli 25, kom npog qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm cov neeg tawg rog siab ceev ntawm cov tub rog ntawm lub nkoj ntawm Turku airfields nrog Hanko fighters. Los ntawm lub sij hawm no, rau lwm lub dav hlau tsaws ntawm peb lub tshav dav hlau - cannon I-16 nyob rau hauv cov lus txib ntawm Captain Leonovich. Kuv hais kom tus thawj coj ntawm lub hauv paus ua raws li cov lus txib ntawm tus thawj coj thiab tsa peb cov tub rog rau saum huab cua thaum sawv ntxov. Tus thawj coj ntawm kev tiv thaiv ntug dej hiav txwv yog qhib kev tua hluav taws thaum Lub Rau Hli 25 ntawm 8:00, uas yog, ib txhij nrog kev foob pob, thiab rhuav tshem kev soj ntsuam yees ntawm cov Islands tuaj ntawm Morgonland thiab Yussaare. Lub roj teeb tiv thaiv dav hlau ntawm kev tiv thaiv huab cua ntawm Major GG Mukhamedov thiab cov roj teeb ntawm 343rd artillery regiment ntawm 8th brigade ntawm Major IO Morozov tau raug yuam kom tua cov yees ntawm ciam teb av thiab cov nyob sib ze Islands tuaj, uas peb txhua kauj ruam. tau tswj, ntawm lub isthmus thiab deb tshaj nws.

Tuaj rau lub Rau Hli 25th. Thiab yog li ntawd, thaum txog peb teev sawv ntxov, lawv tau coj kuv daim ntawv ceeb toom hauv nkoj txog kev pib ua tsov rog nrog Mannerheim lub Finland. The ceeb toom tagged: 02 teev 37 feeb. Tam sim no txhua yam yog tseeb.

Tib lub sijhawm nrog kev foob pob, peb tau pib tawm tsam artillery. Los ntawm Cape Uddskatan, Lieutenant Bragin lub roj teeb tau qhib hluav taws ntawm Finnish pej thuam ntawm Morgonland Island. Tom qab lub thib peb volley, tus pej thuam raug tua. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, peb pom thiab hnov qhov tawg ntawm lub zog loj: nws zoo li peb lub plhaub tau tsoo lub mos txwv ntawm cov kob. Tom qab ntawd nws tau muab tawm tias lub plhaub tau tsaws tiag tiag hauv lub mine depot concentrated los ntawm Finns ntawm Morgonland.

Cov roj teeb ntawm 30th faib tau qhib hluav taws tib lub sijhawm ntawm tus pej thuam ntawm Yussaare cov kob. Lub pej thuam tawg thiab ntes tau hluav taws. Cov neeg tua phom, pom tias Finns tab tom sim tshem cov cav ntoo, ua kom hluav taws kub hnyiab thiab tsis tso cai rau hluav taws tua.

Anti-aircraft gunners thiab gunners ntawm lub 8th brigade tua pov tseg tag nrho cov soj ntsuam yees ntawm cov Islands tuaj thiab ntawm ciam teb. Tus yeeb ncuab twb xub dig muag lawm.

Thaum sawv ntxov ntawm Lub Rau Hli 26, peb tau kawm tias Finland tau tshaj tawm ua tsov rog rau Soviet Union.

Cov tub rog Finnish tawm tsam Hanko

Tus naj npawb ntawm artillery tawm tsam ntawm lub hauv paus tau nce txhua hnub, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hnub hnyav, Finnish artillerymen tau tua txog 8,000 mines thiab shells. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, vim qhov tsis txaus, cov neeg tiv thaiv tuaj yeem siv tsis pub ntau tshaj 100 lub plhaub ib hnub. Raws li kev ntshai ua ntej kev ua tsov ua rog, lub hauv paus tuaj hla hluav taws. Rau 164 hnub ntawm kev tiv thaiv heroic, kwv yees li 800 txhiab mines thiab plhaub tau raug rho tawm ntawm nws - tshaj 40 rau txhua tus neeg.

Txhawm rau txo qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov yeeb ncuab hluav taws, cov lus txib tau txiav txim siab txeeb cov Islands tuaj uas nyob ib sab ntawm Hanko, nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw soj ntsuam thiab tua cov haujlwm. Rau lub hom phiaj no, lub dav hlau detachment tau tsim nyob rau hauv cov lus txib ntawm Captain B. M. Granin, tus tub ceev xwm paub txog uas tau txais txiaj ntsig Order of the Red Banner thaum lub sijhawm kev sib tw Finnish. "Cov me nyuam ntawm Captain Granin" - raws li lub paratroopers hu lawv tus kheej. Lub sijhawm txij Lub Xya Hli mus txog Lub Kaum Hli, ua tsaug rau qhov muaj peev xwm sib koom ua ke ntawm ntug hiav txwv artillery thiab aviation, 13 pab tub rog tsaws, uas tau ntes 19 Islands tuaj. Lub siab phem ntawm cov neeg tiv thaiv ntawm Hanko yog amazing, txij li thaum, nyob rau hauv qhov tob ntawm cov yeeb ncuab kab, cov neeg tau mob siab rau mus tua. Txhawm rau ntxiv dag zog rau kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv amphibious nyob ze Hanko, ntau tshaj 350 mine tso tau ua.

Tsis tshua muaj kev vam meej yog kev khiav hauj lwm mus ntes lub lighthouse ntawm cov kob. Bengster. Los ntawm cov kob thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog los ntawm tus pej thuam ntawm lub teeb pom kev zoo, Finns tuaj yeem ua siab ntev saib kev txav ntawm peb cov nkoj hauv txoj kev ncaj ncees ntawm Gulf of Finland. Thaum Lub Xya Hli 26, ib pab tub rog los ntawm cov tub ceev xwm ciam teb raws li cov lus txib ntawm Senior Lieutenant Kurilov tau tsaws rau ntawm cov kob nrog lub hom phiaj ntawm kev ntes nws, rhuav tshem cov tub rog thiab tawg lub teeb pom kev zoo. Rau qhov no, nyob rau hauv lub nkoj MO # 113 muaj ib pab pawg neeg qhia thiab ob qhov tob tsub nqi, nrog rau uas, tom qab lub ntes ntawm cov kob, lub lighthouse yuav tsum detonated. Kev npaj rau kev ua haujlwm, lub hauv paus chaw haujlwm ntawm Hanko naval base tsis suav tias yog tus yeeb ncuab, ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam nrog lwm cov Islands tuaj, ntxiv dag zog rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm Bengtscher. Ib tug tsis tiav platoon ntawm gamekeepers, Lieutenant Luther, raug xa mus rau cov kob, ib tug 20-mm anti-aircraft phom thiab hlau barriers raug ntsia. Thiab thaum taug kev cov paratroopers tau tswj kom tsaws thiab txawm ntes tau qhov qis ntawm lub tsev teeb pom kev zoo, qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua tsis nyob hauv lawv qhov kev nyiam. Kev tsaws tsaws tau nyob ib puag ncig thiab lub sijhawm kawg ntawm Kurilov tus neeg saib xyuas ciam teb feem ntau paub los ntawm Finnish cov ntaub ntawv.

Lighthouse ntawm cov kob. Bengster, yees duab tom qab kev sib ntaus sib tua

Soviet patrol nkoj PK-237, hom MO-2 ntawm Hanko. Tus neeg yos hav zoov me me PK-237 yog ib feem ntawm Kev Sib Tw Tus Saib Xyuas ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Hanko Marine Ciam Teb Chaw Tiv Thaiv, nrog rau kev tawm tsam ntawm Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog II tau los ua ib feem ntawm 3rd patrol nkoj battalion ntawm Kev Tiv Thaiv ntawm thaj chaw dej ntawm Hanko Naval Base.

102-mm phom los ntawm gunboat Uusimaa

Gunboat Uusimaa lossis Hameenmaa

Rau cov lus txib ntawm Hanko naval lub hauv paus, qhov kev ua haujlwm no yog qhov tsis ua haujlwm loj - "tus neeg yos hav zoov" nrog tag nrho cov neeg coob thiab cov neeg caij nkoj los ntawm cov neeg tiv thaiv ciam teb tau ploj mus. Txawm li cas los xij, kev ua haujlwm tawm tsam cov Islands tuaj txuas ntxiv.

Lub hauv paus aviation kuj ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tiv thaiv Hanko. Lub hom phiaj ntawm cov kws tsav dav hlau yog kev tshawb nrhiav huab cua ntawm cov yeeb ncuab tom qab kev pabcuam hauv Tallinn - Helsinki - Turku - Moonsund Islands cheeb tsam. Cov neeg tua rog ntawm cov kob cuam tshuam Finnish thiab German aircraft thiab cua daj cua dub lub hom phiaj.

Pilot ntawm 13th Fighter Aviation Regiment ntawm Cua Dag Zog Yuam ntawm Red Banner Baltic Fleet, Lieutenant P. A. Brinko thiab tub rog kws tshaj lij 1st qib F. A.

Ib pab pawg tshwj xeeb raug tsim los tawm tsam lawv.

Kev sim ua kom puas tsuaj rau cov neeg tsav nkoj Soviet ua tsis tau tiav rau Finns, thiab tom qab kev sib ntaus sib tua thaum Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 5, qhov chaw lawv poob ob tus neeg tsav dav hlau zoo tshaj plaws, nws tau txiav txim siab kom tsis txhob muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua ntxiv rau saum ntuj. Cov kev ua ub no ntawm pab pawg huab cua ua rau tsis muaj zog txaus ntshai huab cua, yuam cov yeeb ncuab nyob ntawm qhov deb deb ntawm lub hauv paus.

Tom qab kev ntes ntawm Tallinn los ntawm cov tub rog German, qhov xwm txheej ntawm Hanko phem zuj zus. Kev muab cov mos txwv, roj thiab zaub mov raug tso tseg. Txoj kev mus kom ze ntawm lub caij ntuj no tsim teeb meem ob qho tib si rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub hauv paus nws tus kheej thiab rau nws txoj kev sib txuas lus nrog lub ntiaj teb sab nraud. Thaum kawg ntawm lub kaum hli ntuj, nws tau txiav txim siab khiav tawm lub garrison. Lub nkoj kawg tawm Hanko thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2. Ntawm lub hauv paus nws tus kheej, txhua yam khoom siv thiab riam phom tau tawg. Ntau tshaj 22 txhiab tus neeg raug xa mus rau Leningrad thiab cov nroog nyob sib ze.

Liner "Joseph Stalin", siv los ua tub rog thauj "VT-521", tau tawg rau lub Kaum Ob Hlis 3 thaum lub sijhawm khiav tawm ntawm Hanko ntawm lub mine thiab ntes los ntawm cov neeg German.

Los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm Tib Neeg Lub Chaw Haujlwm ntawm Navy ntawm Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 10, 1941, Hanko naval puag tau raug tshem tawm, nws cov khoom raug xa mus rau lwm cov qauv ntawm lub nkoj.

Kev tiv thaiv ntawm ceg av qab teb ua rau nws muaj peev xwm hloov tau ib feem ntawm cov tub rog Finnish los ntawm kev tawm tsam Leningrad, thiab tseem ua rau nws nyuaj rau cov yeeb ncuab nkoj nkag mus rau hauv Gulf of Finland. Kev tiv thaiv ntawm Hanko tau poob rau hauv keeb kwm ua piv txwv ntawm kev muaj peev xwm, kev txawj ntse thiab kev tawm tsam tus kheej hauv thaj av skerry-kos. Tom qab Finland tawm hauv tsov rog xyoo 1944, lub Soviet Union tsis kam xauj cov ceg av qab teb (pom zoo hauv 1947 kev sib haum xeeb ntawm USSR thiab Finland).

Cov ntaub ntawv siv:

1. Tsim thiab cov cuab yeej ntawm kev tiv thaiv ntawm Hanko naval base 1940-1941, Colonel V. M. Kurmyshov, Tub Rog Keeb Kwm, Kaum Ob Hlis Ntuj, No. 12, 2006
2. "Kev Tiv Thaiv ntawm Hanko Peninsula" A. Chernyshev. 2011 r.
3. "Hiav txwv yos hav zoov ntawm Stalin. "Unknown War" nyob rau hauv Gulf of Finland. "Morozov M. 2013
4. A. Dikov, K. - F. Geust - "Cov pab pawg tshwj xeeb ntawm Hanko". Aviamaster magazine No. 1, 2003)
5. Hangon kev